VTNE Review, med nusing final, Final, VET 112 Quiz 6, SANN, Quiz 6 Sm/lg animal, Small Animal Nursing, VET 221 - Quiz # 8, Medical Nursing, Multiple choice, Animal Nursing Final Review, VTNE - Medical Nursing, VTNE final review
A cow with mastitis should?
1. Be milked from all quarters except the affected one 2. BE MILKED FREQUENTLY 3. Not milked at all 4. Be immediately sent to have her teat removed
Which of the following animals can easily become hyperthermic if chased?
1. HOGS AND SHEEP 2. Goats and Sheep 3. Goats and Hogs 4. Cattle and Goats
A 20 lb dog undergoing foregin body removal has been prescribed a continuous rate infustion of fentanyl (50 mg/mL). If the dose is 5 mg/kg/hr, how many mL of fentanyl will the dog receive over 2 hours?
1.81
The peripheral borders for an elbow radiograph are
1/3 of the radius/ulna and 1/3 of the humerus
Ophthalmic ointments are often administred in a "strip" between the eyelids. Which of the following measurements would you use to describe the length of the strip to a pet owner?
1/4 inch
The average rate of hoof growth per month is?
1/4 inch
A cat requires 40 mg of drug in a 24 hour period. The veterinarian wants the drug to be administered q6h. How many mg is the cat going to receive per dose?
10 mg
Hospitalized patients that require nutritional support are those that have lost ____ of their body weight
10%
How much blood can you safely draw from an animal?
10% of total blood volume
On an oxygen cage, the inspired oxygen concentration should be set at:
10% to 20%
In the dog, ____% of uroliths are located in the kidney and ____% of uroliths are located in the bladder.
10%; 90%
Given the following information: 1987 ml of saline at 15 drops/ml over an 8 hour period, the approximate drip rate should be?
10.3/10 sec
Using the modified Triadan system, the right maxillary teeth would be in the _____ series:
100
How many milliliters of 50% dextrose should be combined with 0.9% NaCl to make 1L of a 5% dextrose solution?
100 mL
How many milliliters of 50% dextrose should combined with 0.9% NaCl to make 1 L of a 5% dextrose solution?
100 mL
The normal temperature, pulse and respiration of a horse is?
100,35,12
Colic is a general term for:
Abdominal pain
Place the following steps of a basic ear cleaning in the correct order: (1) apply ceruminolytic; (2) pluck hair; (3) lavage with a bulb syringe; and (4) dry ear.
2, 1 ,3, 4
Place the following steps of a basic ear cleaning in the correct order: 1-administer cleaning solution 2- pluck hair 3- clean with cotton balls and the folds with cotton tipped applicator 4 - dry the ear
2,1,3, 4
A dog has suffered a de-gloving injury. The wound is going to be prepped for a few days with wet to dry bandages followed by surgical debridement and closure. This is an example of:
3rd intention healing
For dental radiography of canine tooth, you should use what size dental film to ensure that the whole tooth is included?
4
For dental radiography of the canine tooth, you should use what size of dental film to ensure that the whole tooth is included?
4
What is the minimum distance in feet that a safelight in the darkroom should be away from the work site?
4
_________________________ is/are recommended before performing an enema
Abdominal radiographs
What procedure might be done if a patient that has undergone a spay procedure is suspected of hemorrhaging from the surgery site?
Abdominocentesis
The cranial vena cava is often used for venipuncture in swine. The right side is usually used to avoid the: (esophagus)
Aorta
Respiratory acidosis
Apnea will cause
Which medication is most likely to be administered or prescribed for a single/one-time use?
Apomorphine
In which of the following patients would you worry the most about hypothermia?
A 4 year old Labrador having a dental cleaning with extraction of 104, 208 and 209
The respiratory rate and adequacy of ventilation may be measured using:
A capnometer
Collic
A client calls to say that her horse is sweated up, keep looking at his belly, and is trying to roll; the veterinarian will most likely find that the horse is suffering from
Atelectasis is:
A collapsed or airless state of the lung
The most effective technique for detecting microfilarial infections is:
A concentration method such as the modified Knott's test
The needle is first inserted into the large animals before syringe is attached
A significant difference in im injections in small animals compared to large animals is
All of the following treatments but one negatively impact affect wound healing?
Antimicrobials
Which class of drugs generally poses the greatest potential threat to those handling the medication?
Antineoplastics
Which type of bacterial vaccine is short lasting?
Antitoxin
Drugs that effectively block the cough reflex are called
Antitussives
Scalding due to urine or diarrhea is best prevented by:
Application of a protective compound such as petroleum jelly
Which of the following is not a commonly used technique for dehorning?
1. Barnes dehorners 2. CALLICRATE BANDER 3. Gigli wire 4. Caustic paste
The advantage of a Potter Bucky diaphragm is that it is a:
movable grid
Your patient has green-yellow nasal discharge, which you record describing as:
mucopurulent
When heart valves are either not opening or closing properly this is known as a
murmur
Estrus detection in ewes and does is accomplished by?
observing the females seeking out a male, wagging their tails, standing immobile in his presence
The term ectopic means:
occurring in an abnormal position or place; displaced.
Hypocalcemia in dogs:
occurs in mid to late lactation
Decreased urine production is referred to as:
oliguria
The primary difference between needle holders is the presence of built-in scissors. The_____ needle holder contains built-in sissors.
olsen hegar
She had an infection 2 years ago from a cat bite and had a cold when she was a baby
past patient medical history
You and your colleagues attend a lecture on the ___ of a disease to which animals in your patient's farming community have been exposed to recently. This particular lecture, then gives you an increased understanding of the mechanism for the development of this particular disease.
pathogenesis
a(n)____ drain is the most commonly used passive drain in small animal practice and is generally placed into smaller wound with dead space
penrose
____ are instruments that are used to pry periosteum or muscle from the bone surface.
periosteal elevator
why should tetracycline be avoided for use in dogs and cats before 4 months of age?
permanent discoloration of the teeth.
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
She was vomiting about once a day for a few days, but is now vomiting a couple of times a day.
progession
________________ is a false pregnancy.
pseudocyesis
This bacteria is usually considered to be an opportunistic pathogen of wounds and otitis:
pseudomonas
When the pulse rate is less than the Heart Rate this is known as a
pulse deficit
An undeveloped x-ray film with a latent image will appear:
purple or green
The collection tube containing EDTA has as
purple top
Which equivalent is correct?
q24h = SID
Which type of x-ray film is most commonly used in veterinary practices?
rare earth green and medium film speed
The chew toys that generally cause the least dental trauma and have the most benefit are:
rawhide strips
A drug's site of action is termed the
receptor
The procedure for a major cross-matching of blood involves incubation of:
recipient serum with donor cells.
What are some complications with admin. an enema ?
rectal trauma from mild irritation vomiting, (primarily in cats) when too large a volume is admin
Decubital ulcers generally are found in which patient?
recumbent patient
All of the blood tubes below contain an anticoagulant except?
red top
The collection tube used for serum samples has a
red top
The remaining silver halide crystals from exposed x-ray film:
removed in fixer
hypoallergenic diets oftentimes contain?
rice
Anaplasmosis in cattle generally causes _____ and can be treated with _____.
rickets; doxycycline
Which compartment of the bovine stomach is known as the fermentation vat?
rumen
Hypertonic solutions should not be administered subcutaneously. Which is an example of a hypertonic solution?
saline solution, sodium choride/dexrose IV drips and corn syrup.
Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread primarily by _____.
saliva
Blistering at the site of a burn indicates a ___ degree burn.
second
Abrasions should be treated by
second intention
Allowing a wound to heal completely without surgical closure is known as_____ healing.
second intention
Rolled cotton would be used for which bandaging layer
secondary layer
When giving an IM injection, it is good practice to pull back on the syringe plunger after the needle is inserted in order to
see whether the needle has been inserted into a blood vessel
Blood from a fasted, healthy canine collected in a red top vacuum tube and allowed to clot produces what type of supernatant?
serum
The preferred sample for most blood chemistry assays is:
serum
In veterinary dentistry, a "shepherd's hook" is:
sharp, slender tip used to detect soft enamel, open canals, and enamel defects
Portable x-ray machines:
should be on a tripod
Where is the safest place to stand when you are next to a cow?
shoulder
An example of a nonabsorbable, natural suture material is:
silk
Which finding is normal in the dog?
sinus arrhythmia
You are auscultating the heart of a dog. The beat you hear is lub dub, lub dub,lub dub dub, lub dub, lub dub, lub dub dub, this is called
sinus arrhythmia
In the llama, which cervical vertebra is used as the landmark for low neck jugular venipuncture?
sixth
How do you tell the difference between a No. 3 and a No. 4 scalpel handle?
size
Intradermal injections in large animals are generally used for:
skin testing
Following surgery, a properly pain-managed animal should:
sleep for several hours, be comfortable when manipulated, be alert when aroused, and be willing to eat and drink
Normal neonatal behavior for puppies and kittens involves.
sleeping throughout most of the say (80%)and nursing vigorously for a short time every 2-4 hours
In dental charting, M1 describes:
slight tooth mobility
The most appropriate method for administering mineral oil to a horse is
through a nasogastric tube
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease most commonly associated with:
ticks
A 10 year old cat boarding cat does not eat her breakfast on the 1st day of her stay. What is an appropriate 1st action to take?
try talking to her to encourage her to eat or hand feed her
a 10 year old boarding cat does not eat her breakfast on the first day of her stay. what is an appropriate first action to take ?
try talking to her to encourage her to eat or hand-feed her
Intravenous catheters should be monitored ________ a day and flushed with heparinized saline every _________ hours.
twice; 4-6 hours
Sheep and goats have ____ mammary glands. Cows have ____ mammary glands. Llamas have ____ mammary glands.
two; 4;
sprays the tooth with water to call the tooth and prevent pulp damage
ultrasonic scaling
List 3 ways to determine pregnancy in the bitch
ultrasound 20 days, palpation 21-30 days, radiograph 37 days
Pigs naturally pull back when pressure is applied around their?
upper jaw (maxilla)
removal of subgingival and supragingival calculus
uses for the curette
gross scaling / removal of super gingival calculus
uses for the scalar
Trichomonas fetus is a sexually transmitted disease of cattle which causes abortion. The causative agent is a:
virus
Gelatin sponge and cellulose gauze are used for:
washing and cleaning
evaluate the peripheral pulse mucous membranes and other vital organ function before responding
well monitoring a horse during inhalation anesthesia you notice that the heart rate suddenly increases to 80 beats per minute your most appropriate response is to
vegetative endocarditis
what cardiac disease is often associated with severe dental disease
contains blood vessels lymphatics and nerves
what does the pulp of the tooth contain
cutting and breaking
what is the main purpose of the premolar teeth
0.5 - 1 mm
what is the normal pocket depth for a cat
1 - 3 mm
what is the normal pocket depth for a dog
cats and dogs
what species do the teeth fail to continue growing
maxillary fourth premolar and first and second molars
what teeth on each side of the mouth in a dog have three routes
scalar
what term identifies the instrument used for removal of supragingival calculus
Explorer
what term identifies the instrument used to detect subgingival calculus
furcation
what term identifies the space between the roots of the same tooth
upper fourth premolar
what tooth has three roots
mask eye protection and gloves
when performing Dental prophylaxis you should be sure to wear
safety glasses mask and gloves
when performing a dental prophylaxis minimal safety equipment includes
low
when polishing teeth using an air driven unit the speed of the handpiece that should be used is
It is the job of the circulating nurse to watch that sterility is maintained in the OR. The most common time for a break in sterility to occur is
when the patient is being draped
tooth extraction or pulp capping
when the pulp cavity of a tooth is exposed what is the appropriate procedure that should be performed
use a modified pen grasp with overlapping pull Strokes that are directed away from the gingival margin
when using hand instruments to clean teeth
Hemostatic forceps are classified according to all of the following criteria except
whether they include a scissor in their handle
Which nutritional myodegenerative disease may be caused by a deficiency of gestational vitamin E and/or selenium?
white muscle disease
A normal ocular examination generally includes:
white sclera
to prevent the development of periodontal disease
why is Dental prophylaxis performed
Upon injury, a significant increase in wound strength begins to occur:
with 3-5 days
How does an equine lower limb support bandage differ from a lower limb wound bandage?
with a support bandage underlying wound dressing and inner conforming gauze I
Monopolar cautery
works best if blood and fluid are removed
Jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
Does Listeriosis have the potential to be zoonotic?
yes
Universal curette
you have an instrument in your hand that has two sharp sides around it back and around a point you are holding a
A veterinarian has prescribed an ophthalmic solution and an ophthalmic ointment for Sparky, the pug. How should these two medications be applied?
Apply the solution to the eye 3-5 mins before the ointment
For cervical studies you should center the primary beam at
C3 to C4
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in all food-producing animals?
Chloramphenicol
Which one of the following surgical scrubs works by contact time?
Chlorhexidine
All of the following are examples of an absorbable, synthetic suture material except::
Chromic catgut
Cat litter in pans of hospitalized patients should be changed:
Every day
If during surgery you notice an item at the edge of a sterile field, you should:
Consider it unsterile
Cat litter in pans of hospitalized patients should be changed
Everyday
True or False: Both water and electrolytes are able to move freely across all fluid space barriers (the cell membrane and vascular endothelium) and so distribute throughout the total-body water
False
True or False: Colitis is not contagious
False
True or False: Dextrose 5% in water is an example of an isotonic fluid
False
True or False: Eastern, Western, and West Nile equine encephalitis vaccines are not very effective and vaccinated animals still become infected
False
True or False: Like dogs, cats do not have naturally occurring antibodies to erythrocyte antigens, and so reaction following a first transfusion is unlikely.
False
True or False: Second degree atrioventricular block is an arrhythmia in horses that is a medical emergency
False
True or False: When calculating the ongoing losses so that the fluid administration rate can be increased appropriately, normal urinary losses should be included in this calculation.
False
True or False: When performing an arthrocentesis, it is not necessary to use aseptic technique when prepping the area for sample collection.
False
True or False: It is a bad idea to let a client know that their pet will not eat while in the clinic.
False
True or False: Many animals do not want to eat while away from home and this is not something you should worry about.
False
True or False: Pain medication should be given only when the animal shows signs of pain.
False
True or False: The formulas for orphaned puppies and kittens are the same.
False
Antibodies do not diminish with time T/F ?
False they do diminish with time
Which of the following statements is true regarding the placement of Fentanyl patches?
Fentanyl uptake is delayed and can take up to 12 hours to become effective in a patient
What disease can be potentially caused by a lactating cow grazing on lush pastures?
Grass Tetany
A new x-ray taken directly from the box appears
Green
If using rare-earth screens, what spectrum of light must the film be sensitive to?
Green range
The best blood tube to use for chemistry analysis in an emergency situation is one with a:
Green top
A technician notes that there are equally spaced, heavy lines on a radiographic film. What is most likely to have caused this artifact?
Grid out of focal range
Which growth on a DTM is most likely pathogenic
Growth of white-to-tan colonies preceded by media color change to red
Which is a dairy breed?
Guernsey
What laboratory species has a gestation period similar to cats?
Guinea Pig
Scurvy is most likely seen in:
Guinea Pigs
Which species has "Kurloff Bodies" in lymphocytes.
Guinea pig
Which small mammal requires Vitamin C supplementation?
Guinea pigs
__________ can result from the rupture of retropharyngeal lymph nodes occuring secondary to infectious strangles in horses.
Guttural pouch empyema
One sign of diabetes mellitus is _____, which is caused by a lack of ____ in the bloodstream
High blood sugar: insulin
One sign of diabetes mellitus is _____, which is caused by a lack of ____ in the bloodstream
High blood sugar; insulin
One sign of diabetes mellitus is _____, which is caused by a lack of _____ in the bloodstream.
High blood sugar; insulin
Dark yellow urine generally has a:
High specific gravity
A drug with a narrow therapeutic range would potentially have a:
Higher risk of toxicity
The animal is to be prepared for a femoral head ostectomy. What part of the body is prepped?
Hip
Which fluid type will rapidly leave the intrevascular space to replace fluid deficit in the extracellular spaces?
Hypotonic
What term is applied to an animal needing oxygen supplementation?
Hypoxic
Which of the following side effects is commonly seen with drugs used to treat cancer?
Immunosuppression
Geriatric animals may benefit from active re-warming intra-operatively due to:
Impaired thermoregulation
The Tzanck preparation for cytological samples is a(n) ________ technique
Imprint
Why is a recent surgical wound usually slightly warmer than surrounding normal tissues?
Inflammation
Sailoadenitis
Inflammation of salivafy glands is
Stomatitis is the
Inflammation of the mouths soft tissues
The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to:
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase
Which one of the following drugs would be given If a patient is noted to have Premature Ventricular Tachycardia?
Lidocaine
The development of a parasite through its various stages is called the:
Life cycle
A modified Knott's test is used to identify
Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis
A large leukocyte with pleomorphic nuclei, blue-gray cytoplasm, and vacuoles, is a:
Monocyte
Which white blood cell is responsible for the removal of bacteria and damaged abnormal cells?
Monocyte
Which of the following statements is true?
Monopolar cautery works best if blood and fluid are removed
Another term for equine recurrent uveitis is
Moon blindness
Difficult to measure
Insensible
A Frick's speculum is used in cattle to:
Insert a stomach tube
To prevent pharyngeal or esophageal trauma when using a balling gun to administer a bolus, you should:
Insert it into the mouth and work it gently back to the pharynx, keeping the animal's head down
A dog is lying in left lateral recumbency for a pelvis radiograph. The right femur will be
More magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and increased object-film distance
A grid with a ratio of 10:1 absorbs
More scatter radiation and requires greater exposure factors than a 5:1 grid
A grid with a ratio of 10:1 absorbs:
More scatter radiation and requires more exposure factors than a 5:1 grid
Dystocia in the dog are cat is defined as active straining without producing a fetus for:
More than 60 minutes
In intranasal vaccine administration, you should:
Place the tip of the vaccine dispenser into the nostril and compress the dispenser or tilt the patient's head back and squeeze a pipet full of vaccine onto the nose
During stage III of parturition, the _____ is expelled
Placenta
What are the stages of the reproductive cycle in the correct order of occurrence?
Proestrus Estrus Diestrus Anestrus
This bacteria is usually considered to be an opportunistic pathogen of wounds and otitis:
Pseudomonas
Bovine respiratory disease syndrome, commonly called _____, is caused by a combination of respiratory bacteria, viruses, and _____.
Shipping fever; stress
Signs of anesthetic recovery are:
Shivering
What does a short day breeder and polyestrous mean?
Short day: short or decreasing day length initiates estrous cycles Seasonally polyestrous: Estrous cycles start to occur in the late summer and autumn. They go in2 estrous more than once a year.
The most appropriate solution to use as an ear cleaner in an animal that does not have an intact tympanum is
Physiologic saline
A common clinical sign in LDA is
Ping heard with auscultation
A common clinical sign in left displaced abomasum (LDA) is:
Ping heard with auscultation
Acid fast positive organisms stain _______ when using an acid-fast stain.
Pink
To prevent patient injury, it is critical to _____ when the surgeon will be using electrosurgery with a unipolar handpiece.
Place a lubricated ground plate under the patient
Which of the following is the best w to retrieve a parrot from a cage?
Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the town lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the parrot
Which of these shows the correct order for placing a splint on the antebrachium?
Place tape stirrups; place a contact layer on the wound, a layer of padding, a gauze conforming layer, and the splint; and attach stirrups to the gauze layer and wrap with protective tape
To take advantage of the heel effect, a technician would do which of the following when positioning an animal for a study?
Place the thickest part of the patient toward the cathode side of the x-ray beam
Cats can exhibit almost constant signs of heat because:
They are induced ovulators
The combination drug Telazol contains:
Tiletamine and zolazepam
Always use the _____ of the scissors when cutting suture ends for the surgeon
Tips
What age can a cat reproduce?
To age 14 but cycle are less regular beyond 7/8
The doctor has administered ocular atropine sulfate OU. Why is he most likely using this drug?
To aid in examination of the retina
Which statement concerning nail trimming is most accurate?
To avoid cutting pigmented canine nails too short, hold the cutting surface of the nail trimmer parallel to the palmar (or plantar) surface of the digital footpad
Rostrally
To get from the point between the eyes to the tip of the dogs nose you would move
Why must reptiles be exposed to full-spectrum artificial light during normal daylight hours?
To help prevent metabolic bone disease
Anal sacs are expressed
To instill medication in diseased anal sacs
What is the purpose of sighing a patient?
To prevent atalectasis
What is the purpose of presoaking instruments when cleaning them?
To prevent blood and other debris from drying on them
Which of the following is an indication to include an anticholinergic in a preanesthetic regimen?
To prevent bradycardia
DMSO is unique in that it is one of the only NSAIDs that can be administered:
Transdermally
Which of the following is the most commonly seen side effect with propofol administration?
Transient apnea
T or F; As in large animals, kittens & puppies rely heavily on the ingestion of colostrum to obtain protection from infectious dzs.
True
True or False: Colloids do not readily move out of the vascular space
True
True or False: Dogs do not have naturally occurring antibodies to erythrocyte antigens and so a reaction is less likely following a first transfusion.
True
True or False: Horses who become infected with Equine Infectious Anemia become carriers for life.
True
True or False: Pain or irritation when an IV catheter is flushed is a sign that the vein is inflamed
True
True or False: When performing a cystocentesis one should remove the majority of the urine from the bladder, but not all
True
True/False As in lg animals, kittens and puppies rely heavily on the ingestion of colostrum to obtain protecting from infectious diseases?
True
True/False Percussion (courage) is a technique that involves striking the animals chest to loosen bronchial secretions & thus facilitate drainage?
True
a separate inventory for scheduled drugs should be maintained T/F
True
When a dog is to be spayed, the incision is usually made in the:
Ventral midline caudal to the umbilicus
Lidocaine is primarily used to treat which of the following abnormalities?
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
When a cat is presented for a castration procedure, the technician should do all of the following except:
Verify that the cat is a male by looking for a slit shaped genital opening
On a deep skin scraping, sarcastic mange mites are?
Very difficult to find because there are often very few on the patient
Scrotal
When a cat is to be castrated the veterinary technician should prepare the surgical site. The incison is most commonly made in what location
Prescrotal prepuce
When a dog is to be castrated, the veterinary technician should prepare the surgical site. The incision is most commonly made in what location?
Abdominal ventral Midline
When a dog is to be spayed the veterinary technician should prepare the surgical site. The incision is most commonly made in what location?
Midline, causal to umbilicus
When a dog or cat is spayed, the surgical incision is most commonly made
Respiratory acidosis
When a healthy animals airway is obstructed there by decreasing it's ability to properly ventilate, the most likely condition that will result is
Potency of the agent
When comparing inhale in anesthetics you should use the minimum alveolar concentration as a guide in assessing
Increase dead space and allows for more efficient ventilation
Which of the following is not an advantage for endotracheal intubation
Anal sac removal
Which of the following is not considered a contaminated surgery
Enucleation of proptosed eye
Which of the following is not considered and elective procedure
Preform rectal examination
Which of the following is not done on a routine physical examination of at cat
The hair coat will change and become easier to manage with less shedding
Which of the following is not true about dogs being spayed before their first estrus cycle
Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the towel lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the Parrot
Which of the following is the best way to retrieve a Parrot from its cage
Everting
Which of the following patterns is not suitable for the closure of an intestinal biopsy incison
A purulent vaginally discharge is always present
Which of the following regarding pyometra is incorrect
Female ferrets that are not bred or spayed are likely to develop life threatening anemia
Which of the following statements is true
Double-wrapped paper pack stored in a closed cabnit for 6 weeks
Which of the following surgical packs would not be considered contaminated and would not need to be reaurovlaved
Horse
Which of these species does jot possess a gall bladder
Foramen ovale
Which structure of the fetal heart largely allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation
Which of the following statements regarding methods of oral medication administration in large animals is false?
While it may seem like an intuitive solution to administering the medication, when using a syringe, never add sweeteners like molasses, maple syrup, or apple sauce to the medication, as the viscosity can significantly change the absorption time
The mucous membranes of patients with severe anemia and respiratory distress are:
White
If you have a buffy coat of 7% you should expect an increase in:
White Blood Cells
hich sample is recommended for hemoglobin testing
Whole blood
The preferred sample for hematology studies is:
Whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA
To decrease the chance of seroma formation
Why is it important to minimize amount of dead space when suturing
To replace lubrication removed by the ultrasonic cleaner
Why must instrument milk be used after ultrasonic cleaning
Tendons
With what type of tissue is muscle attached to bone
Use of antibiotics and other drugs in food-producing animals has raised a concern over residues in the food that people eat. To avoid this problem, each drug is provided with a timetable that establishes the period between the last dose and when the animal can be slaughtered for food or when the milk can be used. What is this period called?
Withdrawal time
If the skin surrounding a wound is very tight and under tension, ____ will be limited.
Wound contraction
Which of the following procedures would be chosen to allow a wound to heal by second intention?
Wound left open and not closed surgically
What are the requirements for release of medical records or medical info?
Written auth. is preferred prior to release of medical records/ medical info Verbal auth. is often allowed
An elongation of one side of the animals head results in
Wry mouth
What is a malocclusion in which one side of the mandible or maxilla is disproportionate to its other side?
Wry mouth
Which drug may be prescribed to a dog to reduce anxiety secondary to thunderstorm phobia?
Xanax
The anesthetic protocol for a 500 lb yearlling colt undergoing castration is as follows: butorphanol (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.02 mg/kg, xylazine (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.2 mg/kg, and ketamine (100 mg/mL) IV at 2.2 mg/kg. You have administered an IV injection containing 45 mg, which drug(s) did you administer?
Xylazine
_______________ is an analgesic and a type of tranquilizer.
Xylazine
The cranial vena cava is often used for venipuncture in swine. The right side is usually used to avoid the:
aorta
If IV Propofol is administered too rapidly, it may cause:
apnea
Melanoma in horses
affects mainly gray horses
An antigen-antibody reaction that results in the formation of insoluble particles is:
agglutination
High quality needle holders often contain within their jaws tungsten carbide inserts that
all the above
___ tissue forceps are considered to be "traumatic forceps" and should be used only on tissues that are being removed from the patient (e.g. tumors, damages bowel, etc.)
allis
Which species is it best to perform jugular venipuncture either high jugular vein and avoid the middle aspect of the vessel?
alpaca
Ciprfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and orbifloxacin belong to the class:
aminoglycoside
CVP is?
an indirect method of assessing blood pressure the best method of determining volume overload
abscess of maxillary canine tooth
an oronasal fistula can often occur secondary to
Scalding due to urine or diarrhea is best prevented by?
application of a protective compound such as petroleum jelly
what should be done to a wound that is bleeding excessively?
apply pressure bandage
A veterinarian has both an ophthalmic solution and an ophthalmic ointment for a patient. You should
apply solution to the eye 3-5 min before the ointment
____ are a pair of pouches that store an oily, foul-smelling fluid secreted by the anal glands located in the skin between the internal and external anal sphinters.
anal sacs
________________________ is the reconnecting of bowel after resection of a portion of bowel.
anastomosis
have antibacterial properties
and Veterinary Dentistry chlorhexidine Solutions are used because they
What is the term for the presence of different sizes of a patient's pupils?
anisocoria
The sex of mature mice and gerbils can be determined by
anogenital distance
A pharyngostomy tube is used when a patient is:
anorexic
feline external odontoclastic resorptive lesions
another term for neck lesions on feline teeth is
Difficulty brathing due to stenotic nares is most commonly seen in which breed of dog?
brachycephalic
______ sutures have greater capillary actions
braided
mastication
breaking food into smaller pieces and mixing with saliva
Seizures are a common problem in the:
gerbil
Which species has low urine output and does not need as frequent cage cleaning?
gerbil
When discharging a patient wearing a cast, client education is essential but may not include which of the following?
giving diet restrictions
Which often fatal canine infectious disease often begins with mucoid eye and nose discharge
canine distemper
Energy-producing nutrients are
carbohydrates, fats, protein
cats are
carnivores
The most common injury for dental technicians is:
carpal tunnel
Which of the following is a device used to immobilize fractures that is most often made of fiberglass material?
cast
The circulating blood volume as a proportion of total body weight (ml/kg) is the lowest in a
cat
tounge
gloss/o and lingu/o
Large-volume samples of blood are commonly collected from the cranial vena cava in which animal?
commercial pig
When you perform a pupil light response and you shine the light into the left eye and both eyes dilate this is known as
consensual response
To accurately administer medication into a dog's ear canal:
grasp the pinna and pull it upward and slightly out laterally and insert the dispenser
When examining the eyes of your patient you notice the lower eyelids rolling inward. This is known as
entropion
trypsin
enzyme that digests protein
Moderate gingivitis is characterized by:
gums are red in color, moderate swelling of gums, some bleeding on probing
What is the common name for Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis?
hairy heel wart
What is the basic tool of restraint for the horse?
halter
Estrogen should be administered at the lowest possible dose to minimize the risk of:
heart attack
A low-sodium diet is most often indicated in the treatment of:
heart disease
Subcutaneously administered fluids should have an osmotic pressure that is approximately _________ to extracellular fluid.
equal
Which of the following species is an induced ovulator?
equine
ulcer
erosion of tissue
The overall process for disease may be summarized in which of the following ways?
etiology-pathogenesis-lesions-clinical signs
As a result of trauma or dehiscence this is an uncontrolled exposure of organs through an incision ___________________
evisceration
anaphylactic
exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign protein or substance in the body
Pilocarpine is an ophthalmic drug which causes:
excess fluid to drain
Proud flesh is
exhuberant granulaion tissue that can form on the limbs of horses during wound healing
The latent image is removed from reusable digital radiology cassettes using:
exposure to light
To keep a bandage dry, it should be covered with a plastic bag or an empty fluid IV bag at all times. true or false
false
True or false? A scar made up of collagen fibers, is stronger than the normal tissue surrounding it?
false
what is a toxiod type of vaccine?
inactivated toxins
A clinical finding that indicates glaucoma is ______
increased intraocular pressure
The heart rates of small breed dogs are generally ______ than those or large breed dogs.
faster
Cats with renal insufficiency have elevated requirements for this nutrient:
fat
Which nutrient has more energy per gram than all other nutrients?
fat
The test of choice for diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites is:
fecal float
Flukes are best detected using:
fecal float; sodium nitrate
If sand colic is suspected in a horse, a ________ may be used as a diagnostic test
fecal sedimentation test
In general zoonotic disease that cause diarrhea are spread to humans by accidental ingestion of infected?
feces
What can help prevent hip dysplasia in large breed dogs prone to the disease?
feeding puppies a lower calorie diet
Which of the following is not true of diagnostic peritoneal lavage?
it has the same indications as abdominocentesis, but is less effective and should be used only when the former is not possible
Once the patient is prepared for surgery, the surgical assistant and veterinarian should..... with the skin because
it increases the risk of contamination
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which:
its main role is to constrict blood vessels
The vein of choice for blood sampling in horses is the
jugular vein
Which hemostatic forceps have transverse grooves associated with only the distal-most ...... jaws?
kelly
Vomiting should not be induced in patients that have ingested
kerosene
The colloquial term for acetonemia in cattle is:
ketosis
what is a bacterin type of vaccine?
killed/neutralized bacteria (non toxin producing bacteria)
Which of the following should be placed on open wounds before clipping for surgical prep?
ky jelly
An injury in which skin muscle are cut would be described as a(n)
laceration
Inflammatory phase is also known as the
lag phase
she was feeling well until last tuesday
last normal
When performing chest compressions on an animal that weighs more than 15 lb, the animal should be placed in _____ recumbency.
lateral
After the skin around a laceration has been prepared for surgical repair by clipping the hair & performing a surgical scrub of the area the vet tech should?
lavage the wound using forceful jet of a sterile balanced electrolyte solution
The abbreviation OS stands for:
left eye
An RBC with a central area of pigment surrounded by a clear area and then a dense ring of peripheral cytoplasm is classified as a(n):
leptocyte
When setting up a sheep you should never?
lift the head over the neck
In bovine rumen fluid collection, the placement of the tube within the rumen can be confirmed by blowing into the tube and:
listening for gurgling sounds
The "first pass effect" refers to orally administered drugs which may be removed by the ________ before reaching the general circulation
liver
When you examine the mucous membranes of an animal and find them to be yellow this is a sign that there may be _____ disease.
liver
Emergency situations treat with vitamin k1 include?
liver and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
Grass tetany in cattle:
low levels of magnesium
Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
Celiotomy
If a patient is hypoventilating _____ readings will be abnormal.
Capnometry
What is the scientific name for Vetafil?
Caprolactrum
Which nutrient aids in the management of diarrhea and constipation?
Carbs
An animal with what condition is more prone to fluid overload?
Cardiac insufficiency
Tanter, a Pekinese, has begun losing weight and experiencing some anorexia. He is frequently, suddenly exhausted. Tests indicate that Tanter has ___, or disease of the heart muscle.
Cardiomyopathy
Sarcomas can arise from ______, whereas carinomas can arise from ______.
Cartilage; lymph nodes
The operation performed on some mares' vulvas to prevent air and feces from entering the vagina is known as:
Caslick's operation
Neuter
Castration
Which of the following species is an induced ovulator?
Cat
Which species lacks the ability to metabolize certain drugs such as NSAIDs?
Cat
Cats pupils are different sizes
Cat exhibiting anioscoria, what is occurring
Which test uses hydrogen peroxide reagent?
Catalase test
Blood transfusion reactions that result from incompatibility are rarest in
Cats
Haemobartonella felis is seen most commonly in the erythrocytes of?
Cats
Which species can have severe reactions to blood transfusions due to the presence of alloantibodies
Cats
Periparturient hypocalcemia is not common in
Cattle
Drugs classified as ACE inhibitors or alpha-1-antagonists have what effect on the body?
Cause vasodilatation
A patient in your animal hospital is suffering from malabsorption, is eating constantly yet losing weight. He has chronic diarrhea that is pale, fatty, and voluminous. He is eventually diagnosed with EPI, which is:
Caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
An opioid analgesic often used in transdermal patches to control pain is:
Fentanyl
Two animals that benefit nutritionally from consuming browse are:
Goat and llama
How soon after injury is wound healing initiated?
Immediately
Always administer insulin:
Immediately after a mea
When normal flora prevent overgrowth of pathogens, it is called?
Microbial antagonism
The average rate of hoof growth per month is:
1. 1/4 INCH 2. 1 inch 3. 2 inches 4. 3 inches 5. one foot
List the correct number of teats for a sow?
1. 2 2. 4 3. 12 4. 14 *
List the correct number of teats for a cow?
1. 2 2. 4 * 3. 12 4. 14
An MCV value below the normal reference range suggests?
Microcytosis
Rats are primarily:
Nocturnal
The most commonly used scapel handles include the Bard-Parker No.3 and No.4. Which size fits the No.3 handle?
#10,#11,#12,#15
What size of scalpel blade is typically used in an oncychectomy?
#11
Whivh size blades are most often used in large animal surgeries
#20,#21,#22
Which two of the "Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare" constitute what is often referred to as "basic patient care" in veterinary technology?
(1)Freedom from hunger and Thirst (2)Freedom from discomfort
Santes' rule states that when setting up a technique chart, you should use what base kVp for the abdomen?
(2 x thickness [cm]) +40
Therapeutic exercise of a weak or non ambulatory patient can be provided by:
- Assisted walking using a towel or sling around the abdomen to help support the body's weight. - Swimming
Geriatric patients acting aggressively should be evaluated for:
- Chronic pain - Decreased hearing - Decreased vision
Tx of hip dysplasia can include:
- sx repair - nontraumatic exercise, such as swimming - pain-reducing medications
What is the normal average length of gestation in the sow?
1. 21 days 2. 114 DAYS 3. 150 days 4. 285 days
Hip dysplasia is
. A condition in which abnormal hip-joint development leads to hip pain and, later, hip arthritis
Taurine and L-carnitine have been found to aid
. Cardiac muscle function
___ is one of the most important ways to prevent the recurrence of feline lower urinary tract disease ?
. Increasing a cat's water intake
A 0.3 cc insulin syringe will hold 30 units. How many mL are contained in 1 unit?
.01
Normal CVP reading for a dog is?
0-5cm
Convert 6mm to m
0.000006 m
The maximum permissible dose (MPD) for whole-body radiation per year in Sieverts is
0.05
A cockatiel needs 100 mg/kg piperacillin via IM injection. If the bird weighs 80 g and the concentration of piperacillon is 100mg/mL, how many mL should be administered?
0.08 mL
A rabbit needs 300 ug/kg of a 1% ivermectin solution. If the rabbit weighs 8 lb, how many mL of ivermectin should be given?
0.1 mL
How many mL each of ketamine and diazepam (50:50 mixture at 1 mL/20 lb) would be administered to an 8 lb cat?
0.2 mL of each
You have just administered an injection of 0.02 mL acepromazine (concentration: 10 mg/mL). How many milligrams did you give?
0.2 mg
Ten milliliters of a 2.5% solution of thiopentone contains:
0.25 g
A cat on intravenous fluids must receive 30 ml/hr of normal saline. If this cat has a drip set that provides 60 drops/mL, which of the following does not describe the drip rate for this cate?
0.5 drops per minute
How much blood could you take from a 50 gram bird during venipuncture?
0.5 mL
You give 5 mg of a drug to a 10 kg animal. What is the dose of the drug in mg/kg?
0.5 mg/kg
The range for acceptable gingival sulcal measurements in cats is
0.5 to 1 mm
What are 4 common practices for recumbent patients?
1 - Change position frequently 2 - Keep the skin clean & dry 3 - Provide sufficient soft padding 4 - Provide a well-balanced high protein diet
Name 3 ways of inducing a cat to eat.
1 - Heating the food 2 - Putting a towel in front of the cage 3 - Placing the food in a wide bowl
How high can goats commonly jump?
1. 3 feet 2. 4 feet 3. 5 feet 4. 6 FEET
In general how many days should be allowed for diet changes in dogs and cats?
1 to 3 days
What horse breed is considered a draft horse?
1. American saddlebred 2. CLYDESDALE 3. Standardbred 4. Thoroughbred
Which ophthalmic disease is most common in horses?
Recurrent uveitis
A cloven hoofed animal has how many phalanges on each digit?
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 * 4. 4 5. 5
Abdominal Palpation in Large Animals is correctly termed?
1. Percussion 2. Ileus 3. BALLOTEMENT 4. Tympany
What is the normally capillary refill time in a dog?
1-2 seconds
Adult cattle have how many upper incisors?
1. 0 * 2. 4 3. 5 4. 6
What restraint equipment is most useful when moving pigs from one place to another?
1. A bucket 2. A PORTABLE BARRIER 3. Small Fences 4. A dog
Rupture of a follicle will release:
1. AN OVUM 2. Progesterone 3. F. s. h 4. Oxytocin
In which portion of the ruminant digestive system does most microbial fermentation take place?
1. Abomasum 2. Duodenum 3. Omasum 4. RUMEN
Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wires, or other sharp objects. The portion of the stomach that collects these objects is the?
1. Abomasum 2. Omasum 3. RETICULUM 4. Rumen
What is unique about the Ruminant oral cavity?
1. Absence of salivary glands 2. Absence of molars 3. PRESENCE OF A DENTAL PAD 4. Presence of needle teeth
The breed of beef cattle that is white is the?
1. Angus 2. CHAROLAIS 3. Limousin 4. Hereford
What breed is usually worked in stanchions?
1. Angus heifer 2. Jersey Bull 3. HOLSTEIN COWS 4. Simmental bull
The breed of Dairy cow whose milk contains the highest percentage of butterfat is?
1. Ayrshire 2. JERSEY 3. Holstein 4. Guernsey
The dairy breed with the highest average milk yield is the?
1. Ayrshire 2. Jersey 3. HOLSTEIN 4. Guernsey
What breed is extremely unpredictable?
1. Ayrshire cow 2. Charolais bull 3. GUERNSEY BULL 4. Hereford heifer
Cattle have a visual blind spot located?
1. BEHIND THEIR REAR 2. back from the level of their ears 3. off their shoulder points 4. directly in front of their nose
When restraining a sheep, what body part should not be grabbed?
1. Back leg 2. Front leg 3. Head 4. WOOL
In the ruminant animal, the fermentation process produces gas in the rumen, which if not eliminated can cause a condition called bloat. Which instrument is used to relieve this condition?
1. Burdizzo 2. Emasculator 3. Rochester - Carmalt forceps 4. TROCHAR
The scientific name for heaves in horses is?
1. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 2. Acute bronchopneumonia 3. Tracheobronchitis 4. Pulmonary Embolism
During episodes of chronic laminitis, which bone in the equine foot may rotate downward, pressing against the sole causing pain?
1. COFFIN 2. cannon 3. navicular 4. short pastern
Which structure is located most distally on a horse's leg?
1. Chestnut 2. ERGOT 3. Elbow 4. Withers
Which nerve in the horse's head should be protected from injury during prolonged surgical procedures?
1. Cornual nerve 2. FACIAL NERVE 3. Mandibular nerve 4. Optic nerve 5. Youvegotalotta nerve
You are working with an equine vet on a breeding farm. You will be sedating a young stallion for an oral exam. You are well aware that the vet will not be using which tranquilizer for the procedure:
1. Diazepam 2. ACEPROMAZINE 3. Detomidine 4. Xylazine
The wall of the hoof grows distally from the?
1. Periople 2. CORONARY BAND 3. Chestnut 4. Frog
How often does estrous occur in normal, non-pregnant cows?
1. Every 10 -15 days 2. EVERY 19-23 DAYS 3. Every 30 - 35 days 4. Every 285-290 days
In cows, the milk vein is the?
1. External pudendal 2. Femoral 3. SUBCUTANEOUS ABDOMINAL 4. Lateral thoracic
Equine Infectious Anemia is diagnosed by?
1. Fecal examination 2. COGGINS TEST 3. Blood culture 4. Bangs test
The pulse of a horse is most conveniently palpated using the:
1. Femoral Artery 2. FACIAL ARTERY (but much easier to record by foot) 3. Coccygeal Artery 4. Dorsal Pedal Artery 5. Mane
Founder in horses is another name for?
1. Foot rot 2. LAMINITIS 3. Ringbone 4. Thrush
Which portion of the hoof should not be penetrated with a nail during shoeing to avoid the sensitive laminae?
1. Frog 2. WHITE LINE 3. Bars 4. Wall
In the equine, which term describes a drainage tract resulting from a crack in the white line?
1. White line disease 2. GRAVEL 3. Corn 4. Seedy Toe
What common vice might become apparent if pigs are crowded into a pen with insufficient space for the number of animals?
1. Hyperactivity 2. Bar Biting 3. Self-mutilation 4. TAIL BITING
A Buhner needle is used:
1. In enucleations of dogs 2. IN REPAIR OF BOVINE VAGINAL AND UTERINE PROLAPSES 3. In intestinal anastomosis surgeries 4. in orthopedic surgeries 5. to sew buhners together
What disease is most dangerous in a herd of breeding horses?
1. Influenza 2. Strangles 3. RHINOPNEUMONITIS 4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What is the first step in a clinical exam?
1. Inspection from a distance 2. Thorough History 3. Physical Exam 4. PRESENTING COMPLAINT 5. Go for Coffee
If you are instructed to give a medication IP, you inject the medication:
1. Into the popliteal artery 2. INTO THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY 3. Into the jugular vein 4. Into a major muscle mass
When disturbed by attempts at physical restraint, a horse's initial response is usually to:
1. Kick 2. Bite 3. RUN 4. Rear
Agalactia is a?
1. LACK OF MILK PrODUCTION 2. Commercially produced milk replacer 3. Rejection of the newborn by the dam 4. Blood-tinged colostrum
Which of the following is a common post-surgical complication in horses?
1. LAMINITIS 2. Grain overload 3. Pneumonia 4. Equine infectious anemia
What is the best method to encourage a goat to stand still?
1. Lift up the head and chin 2. Tie it to a fence 3. LIFT A FORELEG 4. Cover an eye
Horses respond to a handler's body language more than other large animals. If you are nervous about handling horses, you should?
1. MOVE QUIETLY BUT CONFIDENTLY AND SAY NOTHING 2. move quickly and talk constantly 3. talk loudly 4. whistle
Metritis is inflammation of the:
1. Mammary gland 2. UTERUS 3. Fallopian tube 4. Vagina
The periodic elimination of excess gas from the Ruminant forestomach is termed?
1. Mastication 2. Prehension 3. Rumination 4. ERUCTATION
Goats are most at risk for developing the metabolic condition termed ketosis during?
1. Middle of gestation 2. Late lactation 3. Early gestation 4. LATE GESTATION
Grass tetany in cattle?
1. Occurs in midsummer 2. Is caused by low blood calcium level 3. Is an individual cow problem 4. IS CAUSED BY A LOW BLOOD MAGNESIUM LEVEL
OTC is a common short form for:
1. Owner's top complaint 2. OVER THE COUNTER 3. Obstructed trachea condition 4. Obese tomcat
Horses prone to esophageal obstruction should not be fed?
1. PELLETS 2. Grain 3. Hay 4. Salt
The most common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is?
1. PNEUMONIA 2. Diarrhea 3. Lameness 4. Pinkeye
Who can decide when to use a product extralabel?
1. Producer 2. VET 3. Vet clinic staff 4. Salesbarn staff
What is dystocia?
1. Quiet birth 2. Early birth 3. Overdue birth 4. DIFFICULT BIRTH
Puncture wounds in horses and other species pose a particular risk for the development of ?
1. Rabies 2. Strangles 3. Colibacillosis 4. TETANUS
Purpura Hemorrhagica is a complication of what disease in horses?
1. Rhinopneumonitis 2. Infectious Anemia 3. Influenza 4. STRANGLES
Caesarian sections in cattle are most commonly performed via which surgical approach?
1. Right paracostal incision 2. Right paravertebral approach 3. Ventral midline approach 4. LEFT PARALUMBAR FOSSA
For what surgical procedure are obstetric chains used?
1. Rumenotomy 2. Abomasopexy 3. C- SECTION 4. Uterine torsion correction
The easiest large domestic animal to handle is the:
1. SHEEP 2. Goat 3. Cow 4. Pig
What horse breed is used for Harness racing?
1. STANDARDBRED 2. Thoroughbred 3. Percheron 4. Palamino
What is the least commonly used in cattle to perform surgical procedures?
1. Sedation 2. Restraint 3. GENERAL ANESTHESIA 4. Local Analgesics
Damage to what nerve, most commonly affected by Dystocias, results in the inability to abduct the rear legs of a cow?
1. TIBIAL 2. Sciatic 3. Radial 4. Obturator
What is the average frequency of ruminations for all ruminants?
1. TWO PER MIN 2. Five per min 3. Ten per min 4. Once per hour
A client calls to say that her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at his belly, and is trying to roll; this horse is most probably suffering from?
1. Tetanus 2. Strangles 3. COLIC 4. Epistaxis
What agent is used to desensitize the larynx for endotracheal tube placement?
2% lidocaine
A significant difference in IM injections in small animals compared to large animals is:
1. The muscles for injection are not comparable 2. THE NEEDLE IS FIRST INSERTED INTO LARGE ANIMALS BEFORE THE SYRINGE IS ATTACHED 3. There is no pre-swabbing with an antiseptic 4. IM injections are avoided in large animals if possible
Fences and dividers between groups of pigs should be constructed so that?
1. The slats are positioned horizontally 2. THE SLATS ARE POSITIONED VERTICALLY (PREVENTS PIGS FROM CLIMBING THEM) 3. The top of the fence is no higher than the largest pig's back 4. The bottom of the fence is at least 8 inches above the floor of the pen
Which of the following is not an approach used to repair left displaced abomasum?
1. Toggle Technique 2. Left Flank Incision 3. PARAVERTEBRAL INCISION 4. Paramedian incision
When is puberty reached in a cow?
1. When she is 6 months old 2. After her first act of copulation 3. WHEN HER REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS BECOME FUNCTIONAL 4. When she is 1 year old
What is called the "knee" in the forelimb of the horse, would be called _________ in the human.
1. WRIST 2. Hip 3. Finger 4. Knee 5. Ear
Grazing animals have the best depth perception when?
1. an object is at their side 2. an object is towards their rear 3. THEIR HEADS ARE DOWN 4. their heads are up
What are the 4 stages of the feline estrus cycle?
1. anestrus 2. proestrus 3. estrus 4. postestrus or diestrus
When feeding horses, it is recommended to measure feed:
1. as a per day ration 2. by volume 3. according to supplement 4. BY WEIGHT 5. by height
what is the vet tech practice model?
1. gather data/add data 2. identify and prioritize tech evaluations 3. develop the plan of care 4. evaluate the results
Postoperative care for horses following castration:
1. includes strict confinement to the stall for at least 1 week to prevent hemorrhage 2. INVOLVES EXERCISE TWICE DAILY TO PROMOTE DRAINAGE 3. Includes suture removal at 10-14 days 4. Involves antibiotic administration for at least 5 days following surgery
The workplace program that has been developed to ensure radiation exposures are kept as low as possible is
ALARA
A castrated male horse is called:
1. mare 2. colt 3. GELDING 4. Steer 5. Ridgling
Stomach bots are common in horses, but where are bots found in ruminants?
1. small intestine 2. NASAL PASSAGES 3. rumen 4. bots are not seen in ruminants
The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult cat is?
1.030
What is the dose range in mg for a 26 kg dog for atropine (0.5 mg/mL) at a dosage of 0.02 - 0.04 mg/kg
1.04 ml to 2.08 ml
Which urine specific gravity would you expect to see in a dehydrated dog?
1.060
The veterinarian has prescribed amoxicillin at 750 mg po bid x 10 days for a 75 lb dog. You dispense 500 mg tablets for the dog. How many tablets will the dog receive at each dose?
1.5
The normal temperature and respiration rate for cats are
100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C) and 150 to 200 breaths per minute
Given a 45% solution and sterol diluent, how would you prepare 3 L of 15% solution? Take ?
1000 mL of 45% solution and add 2 L of sterile diluent
At what temperature should you discontinue use of heating sources during recovery?
100F
What are the normal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate of a dog?
101.5 F, 90/min, 20/min
The normal temperature, pulse and respiration of a cat is
101.5F, 120bpm, 30 breaths per min
Which of the following values is a normal rectal temperature for a dog?
102 F
What is the Triadan number for the upper right third premolar?
107
The placenta in a bovine patient is considered retained if not expelled by _____ hours.
12
How long should a dog be held off food prior to surgery?
12 hours
Plaster of Paris-type casting material can bear weight in approximately
12 hours
You are taking the heart rate of a cat. If you count 10 beats in 5 seconds, how would you report the cat's heart rate?
120 bpm
How long is the competent immune system?
13 -15 weeks
How many tablets would you dispense for a 30 day supply of a drug with a dose of 1.5 tablets q8h?
135
The normal feline heart rate?
140-220 bpm
How many cubic centimeters are in a tablespoon?
15
What is the minimum number of air changes per hour required for adequate ventilation in a surgical suite?
15
The minimum effective pressure in an autoclave is?
15 psi
What should be the maximum intensity of the bulb in a safelight in developing rooms?
15 watts
If the PCV is 47%, what is the calculated hemoglobin?
15.7 g/dl
A dosage of 30 mL split bid for 5 days requires:
150 ml
Puppies and kittens should be vaccinated for rabies at this age and then bolstered at this interval ?
16 weeks and 1 year
What is the maximum amount of Propofol (10 mg/mL) to be administered to a 62 lb dog at a dose of 4-6 mg/kg?
16.9 mL
The minimum age, in years, for a person to be involved in radiographic procedures is
18
Which of the following size needles is most appropriate for performing a jugular venipuncture in a cow?
18 gauge
Which of these catheters is best used to draw multiple blood samples?
18 gauge jugular catheter
f a dog receiving fluids at a rate of 120 mL/hr has a rate reduction of 20%, how many mL will the dog receive over the next 2 hours?
192
How much heparinized saline (1000 IU/mL) must be added to 250 mL 0.9% sterile saline to make a 4 IU/mL flushing solution for IV catheters?
1ml
Breath holding may be noticed during this stage of anesthesia:
2
For suturing a uterine incision in a cow, the proper suture size is:
2
In hypothermic neonatal puppies and kittens, warm IV fluids can be given, but should be no more than ______ F higher than current body temperature.
2
A client treating her pet symptomatically for diarrhea at home should be encouraged to make an appointment if the signs persist longer than:
2 days
A client treating her pet symptomatically for diarrhea at home should be encouraged to make an appointment of the signs persist longer then:
2 days
If the potassium is labeled 5 mEq/5 mL, how many mEq of potassium are delivered in 2 mL?
2 mEq
What does the female cat repro anatomy include?
2 ovaries 2 oviducts uterus cervix vagina vulva
A dog weighs 20 kg, the dose rate is 5 mg/kg, and the tablet size is 50 mg. The prescription reads "100 mg bid for 10 days a.c." How mny tablets are needed for 1 dose and for a 24-hour period?
2 tablets, 4 tablets
A dog weighs 20 kg, the dose rate is 5 mg/kg, and the tablet size is 50 mg. The prescription reads "100 mg bid for 10 days" How many tablets are needed for 1 dose and for a 24-hour period?
2 tablets, 4 tablets
Puppies should be weighed and body condition score monitored every___ to ensure proper growth?
2 weeks
How long should inventory records be maintained?
2 years
A 12.5 kg cat recovering from onychectomy requires pain injections of buprenorphine (0.3 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/kg) q 12 hours. How many mL will the cat receive in a 24 hour period
2.5
What is the concentration (%) of a solution prepared in the following manner: 8g medication in a bottle and sterile water added to the 320 mL mark.
2.5%
When hand ventilating a patient it is important to never bag them beyond ____cm H20 on the pressure manometer.
20
An animal is considered obese when its weight exceeds what percentage of its ideal weight?
20%
Pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch can be performed as early as about ____ days after breeding using an ultrasound.
21
How many grams of NaCl should be measured out to produce 500 mL of a 4.5% solution?
22.5 g
All inoculated microbiology plates should be examined after __________ hours of incubation, to check for growth and ensure accurate results
24
How long should you hold off hold for a patient who is prepping for colonoscopy ?
24-36 hours and requires multiple enemas
A canine blood donor should weigh no less than
25 kg
How much sterile water is needed to make a 4% solution using 1 g of drug?
25 mL
The concentration of furosemide is 5%. How many milligrams are in 0.5 mL?
25 mg
What is the concentration (mg/mL and %) of a solution prepared in the following manner:: 5 g added to 200 mL of sterile water
25 mg/mL, 2.5%
How much sterile water is needed to make a 4% solution using 1 g of drug?
25 ml
Which of the following heart rates would be considered abnormal for a healthy adult cat?
250 beats/min
What is the concentration (mg/mL) of a solution prepared in the following manner: 5g medication in a bottle and sterile water added to the 200 mL mark.
25mg/mL
A normal pulse in the adult horse is
28-44 bpm
The normal inspiratory to expiratory ratio in small animals is:
2:1
Fentanyl patches are recommended to remove after ____ because_____.
3 days; the analgesic properties are finished
Typical gestation of a sow is:
3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days
A dosage of 1 Tbs daily for 6 days requires:
3 oz
For accuracy a central venous pressure reading should be taken at least?
3 times
To minimize the development of clinical pulmonary thromboembolism, exercise must be restricted for _____ weeks after the completion of adulticide therapy.
3 to 4
IV catheters can be maintained for ____ days.
3 to 5
In the canine, the LH peak occurs approximately ____ days before day 1 of diestrus and ovulation occurs approximately ____ days before day 1 of diestrus.
3-21 days 57-58 days
The target or ideal body condition score on a scale of 1:5 ; 1 being malnourished is?
3/5
Generally 1 fluid ounce is equal to approximately how many mililiters of liquid?
30
The normal feline mouth has how many teeth?
30
Collected urine that cannot be analyzed within ______ of collections should be________.
30 mins; refrigerated
A prescription in which 3 cc of lactulose are given orally twice daily will require how many ounces to last at least 30 days?
30 mls is 1 ounce (oz). (3 ml * 2/day) * 30 days = 180 ml / 30ml /oz = 6 oz
The ambient temperature of a whelping box should be maintained at:
30 to 35 C
What is the percent of the final solution if 30 mL of solution is added to 70 mL of water?
30%
What is the percent of the final solution if 30mls of solution is added to 70mls of water?
30%
Normal mucosal bleeding time in a dog is
30-90 seconds
You are preparing to take a radiograph, and you want to confirm that you have set the correct mAs of 15; which of the following scenarios will give you 15 mAs?
300 mA and 1/20 sec
You have infused IV fluids at a rate of 31 gtt/min using a 15 gtt/mL administration set. Approximately how many mL of fluid would the patient receive over a 24 hour period?
3000
How many mg are in a 1/2 gr of phenobarbitol?
32.4 mg
Meloxicam at 1.5 mg/mL is prescribed for an arthritic 45-kg Irish Wolfhound. The patient should receive 0.2 mg/kg SID on the first day and then 0.1 mg/kg QOD for a duration 14 days maximum. How much meloxicam should be dispensed?
33 ml
What is the normal average gestation period of horses?
336 days
Radiography can be used to diagnose pregnancy in the bitch beginning on day ___ post diestrus.
37 days
An animal is given 26 mg of a drug. The dose rate is 1 mL/15 kg. The concentration of the drug is 10 mg/mL. How much does this animal weigh?
39 kg
Skin tents for several seconds, eyes slightly sunken and tacky MM would be considered what percentage of dehydration?
7-9%
Bacterial contamination from a power dental scaler will reach distances of:
4 feet
No more than ___ hours should elapse between the delivery of each puppy
4 hours
To monitor fluctuation temperatures throughout the day, temperatures should be taken every:
4 hours
Which of the following is the maximum length of time that a compression bandage should be left on?
4 hours
The French unit is commonly used to express diameter of urinary catheters and feeding tubes. 1 French unit = 1/3 mm. What is the diameter of a 12 French feeding tube in millimeters?
4 mm
It is imperative to a calf's survival to receive colostrum within the first _____ of life.
4 to 6 hours
The minimum time for an elimination food trail is
4 weeks
If you count 40 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes, what is the observed reticulocytes count?
4%
When is puberty for a female cat?
4-12 months depending on the time of year and condition of queen
A litter of six puppies, weighing an average of 12 oz, need a prescription filled for deworming medication. If the dose is 1 mL/lb how many milliliters do you dispense to treat the entire litter?
4.5 mL
What size of clipper blade is most commonly used to remove hair from a surgical site?
40
Which size of electrical clipper blade is most commonly used to remove hair during surgical prep?
40
When can you check for pregnancy using X-rays?
40-45 days after breeding
Using the Tridan system, the proper way of describing a cat s first lower right molar is
409
Iv care should be performed every
48 hours
When using a direct safelight system, the distance from the workbench should be at least:
48 inches
How many units of heparin would you add to a 1-L bag of saline to prepare a standard solution of heparinized saline?
5
When does a sutured surgical wound begin to gain significant strength from production of collagen strands, so that the wound edges are held together by not only the sutures?
5 days
A dosage of 2.5 mL bid equals:
5 ml
The gestation length of sheep is approximately:
5 months
If 50 mL of 50% dextrose is added to 950 mL 0.45% NaCl with 2.5% dextrose, what is the final dextrose concentration in the NaCl?
5%
To calculate the quantity of food to administer at one feeding to a 2-day old orphaned puppy, you would multiply the body weight in grams by
5%
Which fluid would be considered a crystalloid ?
5% Dextrose Ringers lactate
In terms of approximate equivalents, one drop of serum is equivalent to?
50 microliters
A patient's total WBC count is 10,000 cells/µl. In your 100 cell WBC differential, you counted 50 neutrophils. What is the absolute number of neutrophils present per microliter of blood.
5000
The sleeves of surgical gowns are sterile from _____ cm above the _____ to the level of the _____.
5; elbow; cuff
A doctor's order calls for a cat the receive prednisone at a dose of 2 mg/kg. A 7.5 kg cat needs 15 mg of the drug twice daily. How many 5 mg tablets would you give the cat each day.
6
The average length of standing heat in horses is:
6 days
A patient needs to receive 1.2 L of Lactated Ringers with 5% dextrose. The drip rate is 50 gtt/min and you are using a 15 gtt/mL administration set. How long will it take for the total volume of fluid to be administered?
6 hours
A patient needs to receive 1.2 L of lactated Ringer's solution at the drip rate of 50 drops/min using a 15 drops/mL administration set. How long will it take for the fluids to be administered?
6 hours
What is the half-life of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of dogs?
6 hours
What is the minimum age for a cat to have all of its permanent teeth?
6 months
Fluids administered subcutaneously are usually absorbed in approximately:
6 to 8 hours
If you count 60 reticulocytes out of 1000 RBC, what is the observed reticulocyte percentage?
6%
When do you want to start a series of vaccines ?
6-8 weeks of life
An animal with decreased skin turgor, eyes sunken into it's orbits, prolonged capillary refill time, and dry mucous membranes is:
6-8% dehydrated
The amount of fluid needed by an adult dog not losing extra fluid due to disease is:
60 ml/kg/day
The amount of fluids needed by an adult dog not losing extra fluid due to any disease is
60 ml/kg/day
How would you prepare 1.5 L of a 1:200 solution given 12% solution and sterile water? Take
62.5 mL of 12% solution and add 1437.5 mL of sterile water
What is the average length of gestation for a dog?
63 days
What is the average length of gestation in the dog?
63 days
If 30 mEq of KCl has been added to 1 L of normal saline, what does the drip rate need to be set at to administer 2 mEq per hour?
67 mL/hr
Abortion secondary to equine herpes virus occurs in which month of gestation?
7-11
What is the Triadan number for the primary lower left canine?
704
Average moisture content of canned food is?
72% to 82%
What size catheter do most dogs use for an enema ?
8 french w/ 60 cc catheter tip syringe
A nonodorous, hemorrhagic postpartum discharge lasting _____ is normal in the bitch.
8-10 weeks
What is a normal respiration of a dog under anesthesia
8-20
Minimally acceptable systolic pressures are?
80 mm Hg in dogs and 90 mm Hg in cats
Minimally acceptable systolic pressures are?
80 mmHg in dogs and 90 mmHg in cats
What is considered the minimal percentage of motile sperm in a normal canine ejaculate?
80%
You take a radiograph of a patient with 70 kVp and 1/60 second. The resulting radiograph is too light by 20%. What should the new kVp be set to?
84
Describe the appearance & percentages of cells seen on a canine vaginal smear during estrus.
90-100% of cells are cornfield, superficial epi-cells Many of them are often enucleated
Disinfection kills _____________ of the microorganisms on an object.
99%
To produce x-rays a great deal of energy in an x-ray tube is converted into heat. The ratio of heat generated to x-ray production is generally considered to be
99% to 1%
A post operative patient that is anxious and painful could benefit from :
A dose of butorphenol IM
Which recipient of incompatible blood is most likely to have the most severe hemolytic (rupture of red blood cells) transfusion reaction?
A first-time recipient
What is a cataract
A focal or diffuse opacity within the lens
What is a cataract?
A focal or diffuse opacity within the lens
Which sign is considered normal in the postpartum bitch?
A greenish vaginal discharge without an odor
Congestive heart failure is the clinical term used to describe:
A heart unable to maintain adequate cardiac output
One of the goals of the history and physical examination is to allow the clinician to formulate a list of "differential diagnoses," which are
A list of possible diagnoses based on the history and clinical signs observed that the clinician will attempt to rule in or out using specific diagnostic tests
What is a thyoma?
A malignant tumor of the thymus
Prognathism is a normal condition in brachycephalic breeds and considered a genetic defect in other breeds. It is best described as:
A mandible that is longer than the maxilla
Brachygnathism is a genetic defect best characterized as
A maxilla that is longer than the mandible
If you are syringe feeding a patient, the most important positioning of the head would be
A natural position
An ascarid is:
A nematode found in the small intestine of dogs and cats
Knuckling is:
A neurologic abnormality
Both tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid
A previous non-vavcinated mature horse that revives a traumatic wound that becomes contaminated should be given
There is a gloved hand visible on a radiograph. This is
A real concern, because the hand has been exposed to radiation
Snuffles is:
A respiratory disease in rabbits caused by Pasteurella multocida
Through the mouth
A semipermanent feeding tube maybe placed in all of the following ways except
In small animals, loud, persistent vocalizing immediately after an operation is generally considered:
A sign of significant pain and/or anxiety that needs attention
Force-feeding an adult patient is usually accomplished with:
A syringe & prescription diet specifically formulated for hospitalized pets.
Force-feeding an adult patient is usually accomplished with
A syringe and prescription diet specifically formulated for hospitalized pets
Glaucoma is diagnosed with ____ that measures ____.
A tonometer; the pressure inside the eyeball
Glaucoma is diagnosed with_______ that measures ______.
A tonometer; the pressure inside the eyeball
A three-way stopcock is:
A valve that allows fluid of air to be directed three separate directions
In which of the following would the use of a barbituate be contraindicated?
A whippet with a body condition score of 3/5
Ring worm
A woods lamp can be used to detect what condition in the dog
A coagulation test that uses a tube containing diatomaceous earth is the
ACT
Cortisol
ACTH will stimulate the release of
When scrubbing in, the hands should be held:
Above the elbows
An oronasal fistula can often occur secondary to
Abscess of the maxillary canine tooth
An RBC with a membrane abnormality that causes it to develop multiple, irregularly spaced, club-shaped projections on the cell surface is a(n):
Acanthocyte
Which of the following drugs does not have a reversal agent?
Acepromazine
Which of the following drugs would be contraindicated in a patient with head trauma?
Acepromazine
Which one of the following drugs would not be used in a CRI?
Acepromazine
Synovial fluid mucin forms a clot when added to?
Acetic acid
What NSAID is administered to cats with a dosing interval of 48 hours or more?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Urine in carnivores is expected to have a urine pH that is?
Acidic
Urine in nursing calves is expected to have a urine pH that is?
Acidic
Methionine is prescribed as a treatment for struvite urolithiasis in cats because it promotes
Acidic urine
Potassium citrate is used to prevent the formation of bladder stones that form in:
Acidic urine
Decrease in pH
Acidosis
Which of the following is not a zoonotic disease?
Actinomyces
Nitrous oxide
Activated charcoal devises absorb all inhalation agents except
Which vaccine component is known to cause localized reactions at the site of administration?
Adjuvants
what should the owner of a diabetic patient receiving insulin be instructed to do if her pet has a seizure?
Admin. corn syrup orally & call the clinic or emergency hospital immediately
A cat has received a combination of Dexmedetomazine/Butorphenol/Ketamine to induce him for a neuter. His recovery is prolonged and it is noted that he is hypothermic and bradycardic. What would be the best action to take first?
Administer Atipamazole
What should the owner of a diabetic patient receiving insulin be instucted to do if her pet has a seizure?
Administer corn syrup orally and call the clinic or emergency hospital immediately.
What should the owner of a diabetic patient receiving insulin be instructed to do in the event that her pet has a seizure?
Administer corn syrup orally and seek immediate medical attention
The most effective way to provide analgesia to a surgical patient is to:
Administer the analgesics prior to surgery
Analgesia should be provided by a regimen that
Administers the analgesic before the onset of anticipated pain returns
Which method of oral administration should be used only if there is no other feasible route?
Administration in the drinking water
A cat is inadvertently given too high of a dose of morphine. What would be the first action to take?
Adminster Naloxone
Which type of forceps have a very fine "rat tooth" on the tips?
Adson
The Baermann technique is the preferred method to diagnose:
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Which contrast medium listed is considered negative contrast?
Air
A caslick procedure prevents
Air from entering the mare's vagina
Which type of hay, if correct processed, has the highest nutritional value when compared to other hays?
Alfalfa
Increase in pH
Alkalosis
When treating ear mites with nonivermectin, topical, otic ear preparations, which statement is most accurate ?
All animals in the house must be treated and treatment should continue for at least 3 weeks
Femoral vein
All of the following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into the cranial vena cava except for the
Self-retaining tissue forceps with multiple fine intermeshing teeth at the tips are called?
Allis
_____ are considered building blocks for plant and animal protein.
Amino acids
Antimicrobial drugs like neomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin each belong to which group of antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides
What class of drugs are nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and ototoxic?
Aminoglycosides
What insecticide is effective in treating demodectic mange?
Amitraz
The most commonly used tests for pancreatitis in dogs are:
Amylase and Lipase.
A drug that exactly produces the actions of a natural body substance when it binds to its receptor is called:
An agonist
Butorphanol is:
An antitussive
Tarsal bones
An example of short bones would be
Sodium and potassium
An imbalance of what minerals can affect nerve function
Generalized demodicosis is usually secondary to:
An inherited immune deficiency
Tetanus is an example of:
Anaerobic bacteria
A sample run on an in-house chemistry analyzer has significantly abnormal results. The sample quality is known to be good. What is the first step you should take to assess the validity of these results?
Analyze a control product and compare the results obtained with the expected values provided by the manufacturer.
What is the Scientific name of the disease causing agent in Anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
A urine-filled bladder is usually best classified as
Anechoic
A horse with anaplasmosis usually exhibits signs that cause fever, edema and stiffness, icterus, lethargy and _________. It can be treated with __________..
Anemia; oxytetracycline
A pharyngostomy tube is used when a patient is?
Anorexic
In order for many drugs to be effective, their concentration at the site of action must be maintained above a certain level at all times. How is this generally achieved?
Another dose is administered before the complete removal of the previous dose
Concurrent use of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics will often have a(n) _____ effect
Antagonistic
What is a malocclusion in which one or more of the upper incisor teeth are caudal to the lower incisors?
Anterior crossbite
Stifle
Anterior drawer movement detects a problem with the
The PIVKA test can be used to evaluate:
Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity.
Occult heartworm infections in dogs are best detected using a(n):
Antigen test
Trocar, sleeve, and blunt obturator are all terms used for instruments used for::
Arthroscopic surgery.
Which of the following is the causative agent for Enzootic abortion in ewes?
Chlamydiophila abortis
The enzyme found both free in the cytoplasm and bound to the mitochondrial membrane that may be elevated with liver disease or muscle injury is:
Aspartate Aminotransferase
The most common cause of a fungal infection of the guttural pouches is
Aspergillus spp.
A visual examination for obesity in a dog would include
Assessment of the waistline
You are monitoring anesthesia for a miniature schnauzer undergoing radial fracture repair. The surgeon asks you to "sigh" the patient. What do you do?
Assist ventilation once using a slightly higher than normal peak inspiratory pressure.
Therapeutic exercise of a weak or non ambulatory patient can be provided by?
Assisted walking using a towel or sling around the abdomen to help support the body's weight & Swimming
Ideally, fluids administered via the subcutaneous route should be:
At body temperature and isotonic
How often should the inventory be counted?
At least once every 2 years
Increases it
At normal doses what affect does atropine have on the heart rate
When Tail jacking a cow, grasp the tail and pull
At the base and elevate it dorsally and directly on midline
The term describing collapse of the alveoli is:
Atelectasis
Which drug reverses Dexmedetomadine?
Atipamazole
Which drug is contraindicated in the treatment of glaucoma?
Atropine sulfate
Which of the following drugs will produce mydriasis
Atropine sulfate
Ionizing radiation:
Causes cell death by disrupting the cell's DNA or by destroying important molecules required for normal cell function
Repeated contact with this surgical scrub could lead to the development of thyroid dysfunction.
BETADINE
Which of the following values help evaluate kidney function on a pre-anesthetic profile?
BUN, CREA, USG
It is acceptable and humane to lift a baby pig by the:
Back leg
The shepherd's crook" is used around the
Back leg
She has no allergies to any medications as far as I am aware.
Background information
The type of forcep used to secure drape to the patient is:
Backhaus
A putrid urine odor may indicate the presence of:
Bacteria
pyometra
Bacterial infection of the uterus with purulent fluid accumulation
The zoonotic microorganisms of greatest concern when handling reptiles are _____, which are found primarily in the _____.
Bacterial species such as Salmonella spp.; feces
Rain rot is caused by the
Bacterium, Dermatophilus congolensis
Abdominal palpation in large animals is correctly termed
Ballottment
What does the induced ovulation stimulate?
Causes the LH surge
Every time you enter a ward that holds infectious patients, you wash your hands and wear shoe covers, a gown, and examination gloves before entering. This is referred to as ___nursing.
Barrier
Lead poisoning in dogs may cause this change in RBC morphology:
Basophilic Stippling
What disease can potentially cause abscesses to form in the lymph nodes, brain and liver of a horse?
Bastard strangles
The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned
Before cleaning the general nursing wards
The cages of immunocompromised lab animals should be cleaned:
Before cleaning the general nursing wards
Alcohol
Before doing a skin scraping for a fungal culture apply
Open the suture material
Before starting the procedure, the technician who has scrubbed in with the surgeon should do all of the following except
Jacking the tail involves:
Bending it straight up
Weight
Besides skin tenting one of the best physical signs to access food status is
Some penicillin drugs are ineffective against bacteria which produce:
Beta lactamase
The primary anion that plays a role in the body's buffer system is
Bicarbonate.
The crystals of high-speed screens, as compared to similar types of par screens are:
Bigger and there is less detail
Liver
Bile is produces in the
A urine sample that produces yellow foam could indicate the presence of:
Bilirubin
Urine samples left at room temperature and exposed to UV light may cause a false negative dipstick result for:
Bilirubin
Which dipstick value would most likely be positive in an animal with intravascular hemolysis
Bilirubin
Which of the following available dipstick tests is unreliable in urine from animals?
Bilirubin
Which of these can be positive in the urine of a normal,, healthy dog?
Bilirubin
The percentage of drug that ultimately reaches the bloodstream is called:
Bioavailability
The percentage of the total dose of a drug that effectively reaches the bloodstream is called:
Bioavailability
Neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals, because neonates:
Biotransform drugs more slowly
Melena is:
Black stool caused by digested blood
A reported side effect of SID dosing of the fluoroquinolone Baytril® in cats is:
Blindness
The primary isolation media used because of its ability to support growth of most pathogenic bacteria is:
Blood agar
Reflectometry is used in measuring?
Blood chemistries
The pulp canal of a tooth contains
Blood vessels, nerves and connective tissues
Which tube is commonly used for evaluation of clotting factors?
Blue top sodium citrate
cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes or skin caused by severe reduction of hemoglobin in blood
Fluids administered via the subcutaneous route should be at
Body temperature and isotonic
Infectious tracheobronchitis is a very contagious disease of dogs caused by:
Bordetella bronchiseptica
A previously non-vaccinated mature horse that receives a traumatic wound that becomes contaminated should be given:
Both tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid
Which species ovulates 12 to 18 hours after estrus?
Bovine
A non-slip knot or hitch that is safe to place around an animal s neck is the:
Bowline
A bulldog would be described as having what type of head shape?
Brachycephalic
Which breed of beef cattle is noted for its heat tolerance?
Brahman
Which foodstuff has a laxative-like effect useful for constipated or recumbent horses?
Bran
The mucous membranes of a dog in septic shock are
Brick red
____ thumb forceps are commonly used. They have multiple inter-meshing teeth with a broad tip to provide good tissue and suture needle handling for most routine suturing and wound/incision closures
Brown-Adson
Which of the following instruments would cause the least amount of tissue trauma?
Brown-Adson forceps
Bang's disease is a common name for:
Brucella abortus
Bangs disease is a common name for:
Brucella abortus
What does a male cat have that a male dog does not ?
Bulbourethral glands
Psyllium and Metamucil are examples of:
Bulk laxatives
The opioid with the longest duration of analgesia is:
Buprenorphine
Which of the following devices is often used to decrease the risk of fluid overload?
Buretrol
Which of these opioids is an agonist/antagonist?
Butorphanol
Which of the following opioids has the shortest duration of action:
Butorphenol
How are antibiotics typically classified?
By similar chemical structure
Which of these is not characteristic of traumatic shock?
Capillary refill time less than one second
_____ lasers create minimal latent and collateral thermal damage and can be used.....
CO2
Which of the following crystals are most likely to be found in acidic urine?
Calcium Oxalate
Which urine crystal is most likely to form in dogs with ethylene glycol toxicity?
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Polyarthritis that occurs in cats after vaccination may be caused by the _____ vaccine, and neurologic signs such as seizure that occurs in dogs within a few weeks after vaccinations may be a result of the _____ vaccine.
Calicivirus; distemper
When housing cows, steers, and calves in separate pens in the same barn, the incoming air should flow over the pens in which order?
Calves, cows, steers
Which of the following is not true of a Doppler monitor?
Can measure direct arterial pressure
Which of the following is not true of the Doppler monitor?
Can measure direct arterial pressure
Which often fatal canine infectious disease often begins with mucoid eye and nose discharge?
Canine distemper
Ferrets are susceptible to;:
Canine distemper and human influenza
For which procedure would it be most beneficial to count the gauze sponges used for hemostasis?
Canine ovariohysterectomy
Chemotherapeutic drugs:
Cannot differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells that have high prolife rates, such as bone marrow, the GI tract, or hair follicles
What is CRT?
Capillary Refill Time
Dentin is covered by
Cementum and enamel
A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The least effective route of drug administration is:
Cephalic
The most frequently used vein sites for IV injection in dogs are the _____ vein and the ______ vein.
Cephalic; jugular
Which of the following muscles is appropriate to use for medication administration in the cow and pig?
Cervical (neck) muscle
When discharging a patient wearing a Robert Jones bandage, client education is essential and should include instructing the client to?
Check toes daily for warmth, discoloration and swelling Check the bandage daily for foul odor Observe for areas of skin chafing from the bandage Keep the bandage covered w/a plastic bag or other waterproof material when the animal is outside
Daily preanesthetic check of the anesthesia machine should include:
Checking for pressure leaks
Increased carbon dioxide levels are detected by
Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries
A thoracotomy is an incision made into the:
Chest
Moving flakes of dandruff visible to the naked eye is a sign of:
Cheyletiella
Listeriosis is a zoonotic disease in ruminants and is also known as:
Circling disease
Concerning anticoagulants used for blood collection: If blood is going to be stored, either ______ and _______ anticoagulant should be used. If blood will be transfused immediately, _______ is acceptable.
Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose and Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose-Adenine; Sodium citrate
What is added to amoxicillin to make it resistant to the penicillin-destroying beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria?
Clavulanic acid
The main purpose of the x-ray fixer is to
Clear away the unexposed, undeveloped silver halide crystals
Plural effusion
Clear fluid removed from thoracic cavity is known as
Oxyuris equi can only be diagnosed effectively by:
Clear tape technique
Tympanic membrane
Clients should be cautioned against sticking q-tips in the ears of their pets because they could rupture the
Feline leukemia is spread between cats primarily by ____ and feline immunodeficiency virus by ____.
Close contact; bite wounds
Which method of gloving minimizes contamination?
Closed gloving
In a lateral pelvic projection, the affected limb should be
Closest to the film and pulled slightly cranially
A technician can check that the ratchet mechanism is working on an instrument by:
Closing the ratchet, tapping the ring edge of the instrument on the table and checking if it stays closed
The etiological agent for tetanus is:
Clostridium tetani
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is primarily a disorder of the body's _____ function.
Clotting
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is primarily a disorder of the bodys _____ function.
Clotting
Tests show that your patient, Grayson, a male cat, has decreased cardiac output. The veterinarian also sees signs of tissue hypoxia, which is causing poor venous return leading to fluid overload. The most likely diagnosis for Grayson is:
Congestive heart failure
Which test will be invalidated if tissue injury occurs during venipuncture?
Coagulation assay
Use ____ for the early treatment of traumatic injuries, such as sprains, and ____ for the reduction of peripheral edema (limb swelling)
Cold; massage
Use ____ for the early tx of traumatic injuries, such as sprains, & _____ for the reduction of peripheral edema?
Cold; massage
Use______ for the early treatment of traumatic of traumatic injuries, such as sprains & ______ for the reduction of peripheral edema(limb swelling).
Cold; massage
A client calls to say that her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at his belly, and is trying to roll; the veterinarian will most likely find that the horse is suffering from
Colic
Contains large particles that are unable to pass through membranes
Colloid
Hetastarch and oxyglobin are examples of what?
Colloid
Which of the following has little influence on the acceptability of food to dogs and cats?
Color
Which of the following has the least influence on the acceptability of food to dogs and cats?
Color
After sensitivity testing of microbiology samples, the antibiotic to use for treatment is chosen on the basis of
Comparison of the zones of inhibition with a standard listing of inhibitory zones.
Cough, ascites (excess fluid in the abdominal cavity), crackles heard on lung auscultation, and pleural effusion (excess fluid in the thoracic cavity) are all common signs of:
Congestive heart failure
Cough, ascites(excess fluid in the abdominal cavity), crackles heard on lung auscultation & pleural effusion(excess fluid in the thoracic cavity) are common signs of :
Congestive heart failure
A wet-to-dry bandage is best for what type of wounds?
Contaminated wounds that need to be debrided
Loss occuring now?
Contemporary
A situation in which a given drug should not be used is called a(n):
Contraindication
A solution which will produce high, normal, or low results and is used to verify patient results is called a:
Control
What are the two types of medical records?
Conventional Problem oriented
The main purpose of the x-ray developer is to:
Convert exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
The main purpose of the x-ray developer is to
Convert the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver
What serological test is used most for diagnosis of immune mediated hemolytic anemia?
Coombs
Fluorescein dye is most often used to diagnose:
Corneal ulcers or scratches
In most species, the ______ produces progesterone that maintains the pregnancy
Corpus Luteum CL
What is an ex. of a non judgmental and open ?
Does your dog get anything to eat besides the regular dog food?
Which of the following is not an effective form of surgical hemostasis?
Curettage
What instrument is used for root planing?
Curette
In canine blood typing, DEA stands for:
Dog Erythrocyte Antigen
The use of NSAIDs is contraindicated in conjunction with:
Corticosteroids
Recovery of anaerobic bacteria may be reduced if _____ are used to collect the sample.
Cotton Swabs
You are assisting with an OHE. The veterinarian asks for a retractor with a long octagonal handle and a buttoned tip. This is also known as a
Covault Spay Hook
You are assisting with an OHE. The veterinarian asks for a retractor with a long octagonal handle and a buttoned tip. This is also known as a:
Covault spay hook
For which of the following animals would bile acid testing be least useful due to wide variations in blood levels?
Cow
Q fever in sheep is caused by
Coxiella burnetti
A by-product of muscle metabolism that may be used to evaluate kidney function is:
Creatinine
The most commonly used tests of kidney function in dogs are:
Creatinine and BUN
A testicle whihc is retained in the abdomen is referred to as?
Cryptorchid
Capable of passing through cell membrane?
Crystalloid
The two main categories of fluids based on the size of their solute molecules are ____ and _______.
Crystoids; colloids
Praziquantel is an antiparasitic drug which may be used to treat flat worms such as:
Echinococcus
Mitral valve
Which of the following is not a feature of the right side of the heart
Which of the following ophthalmic medications is used to stimulate tear production?
Cyclosporine
Which of the following urine collection technique is BEST suited for a bacterial count urine?
Cystocentesis
Which type of urine sample is ideally used for urine culture?
Cystocentesis
Periparturient dams
Cystocentestis is contraindicated in all of the following except
Incision into the urinary bladder
Cystotomy
The procedure to remove a stone from the bladder is called a:
Cystotomy
Which one of the following surgeries would be considered the most sterile?
Cystotomy
A crenated cell is also called a/an?
Echinocyte
The blood group of canines that is synonymous with the term universal donor is
DEA 1.1 negative
What is the most likely cause for a dog that has just been treated for HW tone coughing a lot, sometimes blood?
Dead heart worms lodging in the pulmonary arteries
As an animal ages, the recommended diet change is for?
Decrease fat, increase in fiber
A radiograph in front of you appears dark. You note that the bones are gray. What should be fixed for the next radiograph?
Decrease kVp
A veterinary technician notes that a film is too dark and there is minimal contrast. What is the most appropriate adjustment to be made to improve the quality of the repeat film?
Decrease kVp
A CRT that is longer than 2 seconds indicates:
Decreased perfusion
Which species is used for studies on diabetes?
Degustation
Polyuria
Dehydration will typically not lead to
What 2 breeds of dogs are prone to their own breed-specific form of DCM?
Doberman pinschers & boxers
A client wants to know what chew toy would be safest for her dog s teeth. You suggest that she is best to give Fido a
Dense rubber exerciser
Non-screen film would most likely be used to take what type of radiograph?
Dental
When livestock are constantly exposed to rain, what epidemics often occur?
Dermatophilosis
Griseofulvin is used in dogs and horses to treat which of the following?
Dermatophytosis
This inhalant agent requires a special, electrically heated vaporizer:
Desflurane
A dog experiencing shock may have fluid replacement provided by all of the following. The least desirable is?
Dextrose
Which agent could cause sloughing of the skin if given subcutaneously?
Dextrose solutions with a concentration of greater the 2%
The first drug of choice for a cat experiencing status epilepticus is
Diazepam
The first drug of choice for a cat that experiences status epilepticus is:
Diazepam
Which of the following drugs is used for its sedative, antiseizure, and appetite stimulation effects?
Diazepam
What two breeds of dogs are prone to their own breed-specific form of dilated cardiomyopathy (weak, diseased heart muscle)?
Doberman pinschers and boxers
Which of the following drugs would be given to a hypotensive patient:
Dobutamine
Safelight fogging on a radiograph appears as a
Diffuse grayish area
Prior to ophthalmic surgery, the area should be flushed with:
Dilute Povidone-Iodine
The objective of specimen collection in microbiology is to obtain a sample that is representative of the:
Disease process
What 2 breeds of dogs r prone 2 their own breed specific form of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Doberman & boxers
Which of the following positions would be used for a horse undergoing colic surgery?
Dorsal recumbency
Which drug would be administered to a puppy that is not breathing upon delivery?
Doxapram
What drug cannot be given IM?
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin chemotherapeutic drug)
Which of the following should not be administered with dairy products because calcium binds to the drug?
Doxycycline
What is the definition of an antagonist?
Drug that binds and does not stimulate the receptor
Post-parturient hypocalcemia in the bitch characterized by mastitis, tremors, and excitation is called .
Eclampsia or milk fever
A cat, which has already delivered two kittens, has another kitten stuck in the birth canal. What term is used to describe this condition?
Dystocia
If used in the proper ratio to blood, which anticoagulant is most likely to cause the least changes in cell morphology?
EDTA
Antifungals such as miconazole, are often combined with antibiotics in medications used for:
Ear infections
What sling is used to stabilize the coxofemoral joint?
Ehmer
Which type of bandage is to support the rear limb as part of the treatment for hip luxation?
Ehmer Sling
What organism will most likely grow on MacConkey agar?
Ehrlichia coli
All of the following infectious agents cause abortion in ruminants except:
Eimeria
Which of the following is the least desirable method of warming recumbent patients?
Electric heating pad
Which drug can potentially cause retinal detachment in cats?
Enrofloxacin
Epidural analgesia could be used for all of the following procedures except:
Enucleation
Which of the following diagnoses is the least likely? - Enzootic pneumonia - Fractured ribs - Aspiration pneumonia - Metabolic acidosis
Enzootic pneumonia
ELISA is an acronym for:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
This WBC has a segmented nucleus, colorless to pale blue cytoplasm, and distinct reddish-orange granules in the cytoplasm.
Eosinophil
Which drug would you use to treat a patient that has gone into cardiac arrest during anesthesia?
Epinephrine
Which of the following drugs would be administered if the patient has asystole?
Epinephrine
Which of the following species has the lowest heart rate (28-50 bpm)?
Equine
A Coggin's test is used to diagnose
Equine Infectious Anemia
Coggins is the test for
Equine infectious anemia
Most adult horses in the United States are vaccinated annually for all of the following diseases except:
Equine infectious anemia
Basophilic stippling is seen in?
Erythrocyte cytoplasm
What organism ferments lactose and will turn pink on the MacConkey agar?
Escheria coli
The pigeons crop is part of what structure?
Esophagus
Which hormone causes the cellular changes seen on vaginal cytology of dogs during proestrus?
Estrogen
During ________ vaginal epithelial cells are fully cornified
Estrus
During which phase of the canine estrous cycle is the female most receptive to the male?
Estrus
Your new job is in an animal health research center that specializes in ____, which is the study of the causation or origin of diseases.
Etiology
A proper induction drug for patients with cardiac disease is?
Etomidate
Concerning the veterinary technician's role in the history-taking process of a patient, which statement is most accurate?
Even the best veterinarian may be unable to solve the problems of a particular patient without an accurate and complete history.
How often should orphaned puppies and kittens be fed in the first 2 to 3 weeks of life?
Every 2 hours
What is the best way to prevent these symptoms?
Exercise restriction 3-4 weeks after adulticide tx
Guaifenesin is an example of a(n):
Expectorant
The type of drug most commonly used in a patient with a productive cough is an:
Expectorant
For proper radiographic exposure, a radiograph should be taken during maximum
Expiration for the abdomen and inspiration for the thorax
You are looking at a film that is totally clear except for a bit of black that you notice along the edges. Your film has not been
Exposed to radiation
The most critical factor to expedient healing of decubital sores is
Exposure to air so that the area remains dry
Use of a drug in a way that is not provided for in an FDA approved drug label is:
Extra-label use
Which of the following lists the stages of wound healing in the correct order?
Exudative, collagen, maturation
A needle that needs to have suture threaded is called a(n) ________ needle.
Eyed
The pulse of a horse is most conveniently palpated using the
Facial artery
The halter must be removed from horses during the anesthetic period to avoid damage to
Facial nerve
The primary function of insulin is to:
Facilitate the entry of glucose into the cells
In general, zoonotic diseases that cause diarrhea are spread to humans by accidental ingestion of infected:
Feces
What would be 2 examples of insensible losses?
Feces Respiration
Which of the following does not predispose small ruminants enterotoxemia?
Feeding carrots
Which of the following conditions is most likely to aggravate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (heaves) in horses? - low temp. in the stable - screen partitions between stalls - fresh wood shavings for bed - feeding dusty hay
Feeding dusty hay
________ can help prevent hip dysplasia in large breed dogs prone to the dz.
Feeding puppies a lower-calorie diet
Hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive are all forms of?
Feline heart disease
Hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive are all forms of:
Feline heart disease
Hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive are all forms of:
Feline heart dz
FORL stands for:
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions
Which feline disease is considered similar to canine parvovirus because it can cause dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and leukopenia?
Feline panleukopenia
Which of the following statements is true?
Female ferrets that are not bred or spayed are likely to develop a life-threatening anemia
Estrogen toxicity that results from prolonged estrus is a common clinical problem in which of the following species?
Ferrets
Which is not detected using ELISA technology?
Fibrinogen
What do antibodies do?
Fight disease by killing disease causing organisms in the body
Name 3 functions of granulation tissue?
Fills the tissue defect, protects the wound, provides a barrier to infection, provides a new surface for new epithelial cells to form across and provides a source of special fibroblasts that are responsible for wound contraction
The most common dental procedure performed on horses is
Floating
What is the main means of defense for a herd of sheep?
Flocking instinct
Body temperature and isotonic
Fluid administered via sub q route should be at
Which antibiotic class cannot be given to young canines during the rapid growth phase due to potential for articular cartilage damage?
Fluoroquinolones
The tympanic membrane is ruptured
Flushing the external ear canal is contraindicated if
Less than 2 seconds
For an animal the had lost rbcs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the capillary refill time to be
Palmar and plantar
For dropper assessment of the pulse rate, the most commonly used arteries are the
What are Trichophyton and Microsporum spp?
Fungus
Guinea pigs
For which if the following are there no commercially available vaccines
What are maternal antibodies?
Found in colostrum first 6-12 hours
The abbreviation qid stands for:
Four times per day
Anesthetic chambers are sometimes utilized for:
Fractious, vicious or feral patients
Pollakiuria is defined as:
Frequent urination
Before passing a stomach tube what do you measure it to?
From the nose to the last rib
A test used in dogs and cats that provides an indication of the average glucose concentration over a 1- to 2-week period is:
Fructosamine.
Autonomic nervous system
Functions that an animal does not have to consciously control, such as peristalsis in the intestines are influenced by the
Yeast organisms often found on microscopic examination of ear wax are:
Fungal organisms
Ketoconazole, miconazole, and griseofulvin are effective against:
Fungi
Nystatin and miconazole are effective against:
Fungi
Two animals that benefit nutritionally from consuming browse are
Goat and llama
Which is a common diuretic used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs?
Furosemide
Due to the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, NSAIDs may cause:
GI ulceration
H2 blockers antagonize the H2 receptors which are found in the cells of the:
Gastric mucosa
In the horse and dog, what is the most commonly encountered adverse reaction to NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal ulceration
The procedure to remove a foreign object from the stomach is called a:
Gastrotomy
The term for a tooth that has one root but two crowns is
Gemini Tooth
Resuspension of NPH insulin is best achieved by:
Gently rolling the bottle
Seizures are a common problem in the:
Gerbil
What species is least likely to require frequent cage cleaning?
Gerbils
Excessive growth of gingival tissue is termed
Gingival hyperplasia
The veterinarian gives you the following prescription to fill for a 27 kg dog that has hypothyroidism: Levothyroixin sodium at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg SID x 4 weeks. The tablet is available as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mg tablets, all scored into quarters. What dosing information should be written on the prescription label?
Give ¾ tablet once daily for 28 days (0.8 mg tablet, 21 tablets)
Small, blue, RBC inclusions which cause feline infectious anemia are
Haemobartinella Felis;(Mycoplasma haemofelis)
Which of these parasites is classified as coccidia?
Haemonchus contortus
The preferred specimen for dermatophyte testing is
Hairs plucked from the lesion periphery.
Which inhalant anesthetic drug is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias in dogs?
Halothane
Increased cardiac output
Halothane concentrations of 1% to 2% may produce any of the following except
Which of the following forceps is used to control capillary bleeding?
Halstead Mosquito
Which species has the shortest gestation?
Hamster
Which species is known to go into hibernation if housing temperature is decreased?
Hamster
An intermediate host
Harbors the larval, asexual, or immature stages of the parasite
A fenestrated drape
Has a window opening in middle for the surgery to be performed through
A fenestrated drape
Has a window opening in the middle for the surgery to be performed through
What is an ex. of an open ended ?
Has your pet's water consumption changed?
Controlled substances are drugs that?
Have a high potential for abuse
You are gowned and gloved in surgery when your mask slips below your nose. What should you do?
Have a non-sterile assistant secure the mask in position
A patient presents for suture removal 12 days after the surgery. On examination you note that there is drainage from the incision and a ring of erythema. What is the best course of action?
Have a veterinarian examine the incision to determine the best course of action
Sinus arrhythmia occurs when the
Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
A low-sodium diet is most often indicated in the treatment of:
Heart disease
When depressing the prep switch on a rotating anode x-ray machine, you are effectively
Heating up the filament and spinning the rotating anode
Another name for Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease is:
Heaves
Which of the following is a needle holder that is also able to cut sutures?
Hegar Olsen
Your patient's fecal sample shows streaks of blood on the outsides of otherwise normally formed stools, a symptom you quickly identify as:
Hematochezia
A patient exhibits _____, which means the patient is coughing up blood - a symptom seem with heartworm disease.
Hemoptysis
Which of these IV fluids would increase oncotic (osmotic) pressure?
Hetastarch
Most animals are _________________________ following general anesthesia.
Hypothermic
The section of a patient's history that addresses the severity, duration, frequency, progression, trigger situations, time of day, and character of the problem is the:
History of the present illness
Which of the following is not a type of forcep?
Hohmann
Describe the method of obtaining a urine sample from a sheep?
Hold the nostrils and mouth shut for up to 45sec while an ewe is standing
The proper way to restrain and carry a rabbit is
Hold the rabbit by the scruff with one hand, and grasp the hocks of the rabbit with the other
Which breed of cattle gives the highest milk yield?
Holstein
Which of these species does not possess a gall bladder? - Pig - Goat - Horse - Dog
Horse
Parascaris equorum is a roundworm of:
Horses
What is a nosocomial infection?
Hospital acquired infection
10%
Hospital patients they require but Rion also support are those that have lost what percent of their body weight
Definitive host refers to the:
Host that harbors the mature, sexual, adult stage of the parasite
Deep scraping after surgical scrub
How deep should you scrape the skin for a fungal culture
1 hour
How long does a modified live vaccine remain effective after it is mixed, if is left at room temperature
3
How many muscle heads are in canine triceps brachii group
4 throws
How many throws are required to make a surgeons knot
Every 18 days
How often should instrument milk be changed
A fracture in what bone is least likely to be effectively immobilized with a splint?
Humerus
Which of the following drugs would be most effective at targeting the µ receptors to provide analgesia?
Hydromorphone
Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except
Hyper salivation
Chronic use of moderate to high doses of glucocorticoids may result in the development of:
Hyperadrenocorticism
What is the most likely cause of vulvular swelling in a spayed ferret?
Hyperadrenocorticism
Cushing's disease is the result of:
Hyperadrenocorticism.
Cushing's syndrome, or ____, primarily affects dogs and is characterized by______.
Hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex
If the soda lime canister is exhausted the patient may become:
Hypercapnic
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be found in a cat with total urethral obstruction?
Hyperkalemia
Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except:
Hypersalivation
Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs, except? - Hypersalivation - Staggering - Ascending paralysis - Neck 'kink'
Hypersalivation
To supply quick nutrition via the IV route, solutions should be?
Hypertonic
Will rapidly leave the intravascular space
Hypertonic
An echogram of your patient, a cat, shows an increased thickness of the left ventricle wall and small ventricular lumen, which confirms a diagnosis of:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Which of the following is not an observable skin condition?
Hyphema
Addison's disease, or _____, primarily affects dogs and is characterized by______.
Hypoadrenocorticism; inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids primarily cortisol and aldosterone
The ultrasound term that refers to few echoes detected, and the area is low-level gray compared with the surrounding tissue is
Hypoechoic
An example of parenteral drug administration is:
IM
The accepted abbreviation for intramuscular route of drug administration is:
IM
The most common route for administering vaccines is:
IM
In general, the absorption rate of a drug is slower when the drug is given _____ and more rapid when given _____.
IM, IV
Spherocytes are the hallmark cell for:
IMHA
You are about to administer fluid to a newborn piglet, your best choice for administration is usually via the ______ route.
IP
Insulin is dosed in what unit of measurement?
IU
Facing the back of the surgeon
If a non-sterile person must move to the other side of a sterile person, the non sterile person should pass
Which of the following statements is not true regarding anthrax?
If an animal is suspected of having anthrax, necropsy should be performed and the brain sent to the state veterinarian
Which statement concerning small-animal blood transfusions is true?
If multiple blood transfusions are required, blood-type cross-matching should be performed to determine donor-recipient compatibility
All bandages should be removed 24 hours after being applied
If the animal goes home with a bandage, the client should observe the bandage daily and remove it if any of the following are observed except
Oxygen flow maybe too high
If the recreating bag is empty during anesthesia all of the following may be the cause except
A natural position
If you are during feeding a patient the most appropriate head position would be
Occipital
If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull
A fresh urine sample is best analyzed:
Immediately
Where must scheduled drugs be kept?
In a locked cabinet that is secured to the floor
If you are syringe feeding a patient, the most appropriate positioning of the head and muzzle would be
In a natural position
Excitement
In dogs normal doses of opiods generally produce all of the following except
How is a medicated bath performed differently from a cleansing bath?
In the former, leave the shampoo on at least 15 minutes.
SA node
In the healthy heart, the heartbeat us initiated by the
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers
In what order does impulse for depolrization travel through the heart
Gastrotomy
Incision into the stomach
Oxytocin is administered during parturition to
Increase contractions
To get more density on a film, you should do what to the kVp and mAs?
Increase either or both
If a film is too light but the image shows adequate penetration, you should
Increase mAs 30% to 50%
A small animal patient's systolic pressure was measured at 50 mm Hg. What is your best course of action?
Increase the drip rate of the IV fluids.
A small animal patients systolic pressure was measured at 50 mm Hg. What is your best course of action?
Increase the drip rate of the IV fluids.
If a patient is dehydrated, the hematocrit will most likely be:
Increased
n a healthy animal, decreased water intake or loss of water would result in a(n) ________________ specific gravity
Increased
Characteristics of an ideal suture material include all of the following except:
Increased capillarity - wicking
One common physiologic response to pain is
Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
What is a sign of over hydration?
Increased resp. rate
What is a sign of over hydration?
Increased respiratory rate
____ is one of the most important ways to prevent the recurrence of feline lower urinary tract disease.
Increasing a cat's water intake
____________ is one of the most important ways to prevent the recurrence of feline lower urinary tract dz.
Increasing a cat's water intake
____ is one of the most important ways 2 prevent the recurrence of feline lower urinary tract disease?
Increasing a cats water intake
How does an autoclave raise the temperature of the steam to the high levels required for sterilization?
Increasing pressure
There is a possibility that a cat with ____ is carrying a zoonotic disease; therefore, meticulous hygiene should be practiced when handling a cat with this problem.
Infected, draining lymph nodes
Glucocorticoids are used to treat all of the following except:
Infections
What is the best medication to give to reduce laryngospasm in cats?
Lidocaine
Which statement concerning instrument care is true?
Instruments should be washed immediately after use to prevent dried residue
Glucagon
Insulin is produced in the pancreas by the beta cells in the islets of langerhans. What is produced by the alpha cells
Are obese
Insulin restiance is commonly seen in animals that
The analgesic effect of opioids is due to their:
Interaction with specific opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord
Which body part or parameter is included in a complete integumentary examination
Interdigital areas
Methoprene and fenoxycarb are examples of drugs which work against fleas by:
Interrupting the life cycle
Which pair of nematodes primarily infests the host by burrowing through the skin?
Intestinal threadworms and hookworms
Which of the following is the best route to give epinephrine in an emergency if a vein is inaccessible?
Intra tracheal
What drug would be the best choice to stabilize a patient exhibiting status epilepticus?
Intra-rectal diazepam
Which of the following routes of administration is used in neonates, because it has essentially the same effect as IV administration, but does not require catheterization of a vein?
Intraosseous
Synthesis of vit E
Which of the following is not a function of the integument system
The positive contrast agent most commonly used for myelography is:
Iohexol
Newborn piglets raised in confinement must be supplemented:
Iron
Equine infectious anemia _______________________.
Is a viral disease carried by large biting flies. Horses must have a negative Coggins test for this disease within 1 year for issuance of health certificates for interstate travel, international travel, show, and sale
Grass tetany in cattle
Is caused by a low blood magnesium level
Peritoneal fluid of horses
Is frequently examined in cases of colic
Enamel, which is the hardest body substance
Is relatively onporous and impervious
Moves freely between interstitial space
Isotonic
A dog has arrived at the hospital who has been in a dog fight. He has multiple puncture wounds. You have been ordered to clip, clean, and flush the wounds. Which of the following will you use to flush the wounds?
Isotonic solution
An advantage of a nasogastric tube over a gastrostomy would include:
It does not require general anesthesia to put an NG tube in
Why should the use of acepromazine as a preanesthetic agent be avoided in geriatric and pediatric patients?
It has a long duration of action and is dependent on metabolism by the liver
Why do you have to pinch the stomach tube before removing it?
It helps prevent aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs
100 bpm
It is a cause for concern if an anesthetized cats heart rate falls below
Shearing
Which of the following is not a requirement for fracture healing
How does bovine collagen provide hemostasis?
It triggers clot formation via platelet aggregation and release of coagulation factors.
Which of the following diseases of sheep is not zoonotic?
Johne's
Which of the following diseases of sheeps is not zoonotic?
Johne's disease
Which of the following diseases of sheep is not zoonotic?
Johnes (yo-knees)
Blood sampling in cats is best achieved from the
Jugular vein
The vein of choice for blood sampling in horses is the
Jugular vein
Organisms that exhibit a Gram-variable reaction should be evaluated by the:
KOH
Which practice helps ensure adequate steam penetration in the autoclave?
Keeping pack size smaller than 30 x 30 x 50 cm
Administration of this drug causes star gazing, muscle rigidity and a trance like state:
Ketamine
The anesthetic protocol for a 500 lb yearlling colt undergoing castration is as follows: butorphanol (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.02 mg/kg, xylazine (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.2 mg/kg, and ketamine (100 mg/mL) IV at 2.2 mg/kg. You have administered an IV injection containing 5 mL, which drug(s) did you administer?
Ketamine
Which drug is a dissociative anesthetic?
Ketamine
Which of the following drugs can be given as a CRI to prevent wind-up pain?
Ketamine
Which of the following chemical constituents in urine is the result of fatty acid catabolism?
Ketones
The colloquial term for acetonemia in cattle is
Ketosis
What is the primary organ involved in the excretion of drugs
Kidney
What is the primary organ involved in the excretion of drugs?
Kidney
Even if lambs survive an acute hemolytic crisis of copper toxicity, there are other significant irreversible damage to the _____ due to ______.
Kidneys; hemoglobinuria
Which type of virus is less likely to cause reactions ?
Killed virus vaccine Ex. Rabies
The acronym kVP stands for _____ and controls the _____ of x-ray photons produced.
Kilovolt peak; speed
What are Schedule I drugs
LSD, heroin, crack, cocaine
Surface of the tooth toward the lips is
Labial
Isotonic solutions
Lactated ringers, 5% dextrose, 0.9% sodium chloride
The procedure that involves creating an incision in the abdomen is called a:
Laparotomy
Which of the following veins is less commonly used for IV injection in cats?
Lateral saphenous
Which of the following veins should be used with caution when taking a blood sample from a cow?
Lateral thoracic
After more than 1 day without eating animals are deriving most of their glucose from:
Lean body mass
When you have greater than 5% band neutrophils it is called a
Left Shift
To auscultate the rumen or C-1, place the stethoscope over the
Left para lumbar fossa
To ascultate the rumen or C-1, place the stethoscope over the
Left paralumbar fossa
Red blood cells that have a target shape are called:
Leptocytes
An infectious cause of abortion in ruminants
Leptospira
Which of the following is generally not a core vaccine for dogs?
Leptospira
What disease can infect personnel who accidentally ingest the urine of an infected dog even if the dog is vaccinated and showing no clinical sign of the disease?
Leptospirosis
What disease can infect personnel who accidentally ingest the urine of an infected dog even if the dog is vaccinated and showing no clinical signs?
Leptospirosis
Barbiturates with a long duration of action should be used with caution in lean breeds due to:
Lipid solubility
Which of the following are antioxidants
Lipoic acids, vitamin E, vitamin C
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside that is considered nephrotoxic. Why, then, is it routinely given to cattle by mouth for diarrhea (scours)?
Little of the drug is actually absorbed from the GI tract
The First pass effect refers to orally administered drugs which may be removed by the _____ prior to reaching the bloodstream and thereby never reaching their target tissue.
Liver
What is the primary organ involved in metabolism of drugs?
Liver
What two organs are most often involved in deactivating and eliminating drugs from the body?
Liver and kidney
In what species would you expect to find a hemipenis?
Lizard
Which of the following species is an induced ovulator?
Llama
When the first dose of a drug is higher than the remainder of the doses in the prescription, this first dose is called a:
Loading dose
Surgical masks:
Lose their effectiveness when saturated with moisture
Excessive anesthetic depth may be indicated by:
Loss of anal tone
Flowmeters on newer machines have?
Low and high flowmeters for greater accuracy
Hypoglycemia is the medical term for?
Low blood glucose
Cows milk should not be given to puppies or kittens as a milk replacer because of its:
Low protein and fat levels
Milk fever is caused by a
Lowered blood calcium level
Milk fever is caused by a:
Lowered blood calcium level
A dog exposed to ______________ is a patient that should be considered for borrelia vaccination.
Lyme
Popiteal nodes
Lymph nodes found on the causal aspect of the leg at the level of the patella are the
Which white blood cell is the primary defense against viruses?
Lymphocyte
What cell is produced at a site other than bone marrow?
Lymphocytes
The concentration of Hgb in and erythrocyte or the ratio of weight of hemoglobin to the volume in which it is contained is the:
MCHC
Which of the following does not use ionizing radiation to create an image?
MRI
Which of the following involves no ionizing radiation to create the image?
MRI
A selective and differential media that suppresses growth of gram-positive bacteria is
MacConkey.
An excitement response will cause neutrophils to release from the _______________ and return to circulation
Marginating pool
Which of the following do/does not have to be sterile during a surgical procedure to maintain aseptic technique?
Mask
Struvite crystals are composed of:
Magnesium ammonium phosphates
Which of these compounds is not found in lactate do ringer' solution?
Magnesium chloride
Two types of ultrasonic scalers include:
Magnetostrictive and piezoelectric
What microorganism is frequently recovered from dogs with chronic otitis externa?
Malassezia sp.
On microscopic examination of exudate from otitis externa, you observe many oval, bottle-shaped, monopolar-budding organisms. You record your findings
Malassezia spp.
Which of the following is used to differentiate between a male and female guinea pig?
Male has no break in the ridge between the anus and urethral orifice
The terms brachygnathic and prognathic refer to altered length of the _____ in relation to the _____.
Mandible; molars
To reduce intracranial pressure resulting from trauma___ may be admin. every 4 to 8 hours ?
Mannitol
What does a "problem oriented" medical record include?
Master problem list, lab diagnostic flow sheet, comprehensive hx form, physical exam form, working problem list, progess notes "soap"
What is the single most common disease syndrome adult dairy cows?
Mastitis
What teeth on each side of the mouth in a dog have three roots?
Maxillary fourth premolars and first and second molars
Which of the following is not true about Class II malocclusions?
Maxillary teeth are distal to mandibular equivalents
Which measure determines the average size of an erythrocyte?
Mean corpuscular volume
Concerning a complete physical examination, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Measurement of vital signs is an important part of the complete physical examination
The pressure manometer on the anesthesia machine:
Measures the pressure in the breathing system
Which of the following sites should not be used for blood sampling in rabbits?
Medial saphenous vein
A question about whether a dog is on heartworm preventive medication is part of the dog's
Medication history
A cell with prominent dark black granules is a(n):
Melanoma.
Which of the following absorbs the most x-rays?
Metal
______ is the period of the estrous cycle after the death of teh corpus luteum when the follicles are growing.
Metestrus
Which of these drugs comes in an oral form only?
Methimazole (tapazole, hyperthyroidism treatment)
Which barbiturate is the best choice for sight hounds becaues it has the shortest duration and quickest recovery?
Methohextial
Which type of scissors has long handles and is used for cutting delicate tissue:
Metzenbaum
Cutting tissue
Metzenbaum scissors are used only for
An appropriate method to differentiate hemoglobinuria from hematuria is
Microscopic examination of sediment; RBCs in the sediment indicate hematuria.
In dogs, _____ can be used once monthly to prevent heartworm infestation, while _____ is an injectable agent used to treat existing heartworm disease
Milbemycin: immiticide
Lowered blood calcium level
Milk fever is caused by a
Manufacturers are required to include which percentage of the following ingredients in the guaranteed analysis?
Min. crude protein and fat
Before cleaning the ears, a small amount of debris should be placed in _____ and examined under low power magnification for the presence of Otodectes. Likewise, a small amount of debris should be smeared on a dry slide, stained, and examined for ______.
Mineral oil; yeast and bacteria
Which nutrient is also known as ash?
Minerals
Which species of dog has a genetic problem with hyperlipidemia?
Miniature Schnauzers
A drug insert which describes an antibiotic's MIC is referring to the:
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Which of the following terms or phrases correctly describes the location of a heart murmur?
Mitral
The most frequently diagnosed form of heart disease in the dog is:
Mitral valve insufficiency
Which type of vaccine is most likely to cause clinical symptoms of the disease?
Modified-live
The stage of a pain pathway that allows a sensed stimuli to be amplified or suppressed is:
Modulation
Which of the following would delay wound healing?
Moisture
A radiation film badge worn at the collar level
Monitors the exposure of the thyroid gland and lenses of the eyes
Which of the following drugs should not be given if an intestinal obstruction is suspected?
Morphine
What is colostrum?
Mother's first milk
Drugs that reduce the viscosity and stickiness of secretions in the respiratory tree are called:
Mucolytics
Which agar is used for antimicrobial testing?
Mueller-Hinton agar
The preferred media for antibiotic sensitivity testing is:
Mueller-Hinton.
Guaifenesin is often used to reduce excitement during anesthetic recovery in horses due to its effect as a:
Muscle relaxant
Methocarbamol is often used for IVDD and is an example of a/an:
Muscle relaxer
Johne's disease in sheep is caused by
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
What is it called when radiographs are taken after a positive contrast agent has been injected into the dural space of the spine?
Myelogram
The development of maggots in the subcutaneous tissue of animals produces a condition known as:
Myiasis
An overdose of oxymorphone can be treated with:
Naloxone
A nose lead or tong used in cattle is applied to the:
Nasal septum
Potomac horse fever is caused by
Neorickettsis risticii
What are the 3 different stages during parturtion?
Nesting stage Delivery stage Expullsion of placenta
What type of detergent should be used to clean instrument?
Neutral pH
The heterophil of a bird can be compared with the ________ in mammals
Neutrophil
This WBC has a deeply staining, clumped, segmented nucleus with relatively clear cytoplasm or a very faint, almost indiscernible, dusting of tiny granules
Neutrophil
Excitement during restraint may cause ________________ on a leukogram.
Neutrophilia
Which of the following changes may occur on a CBC if an animal is currently taking glucocorticoids?
Neutrophils increase, lymphocytes decrease
Blue
Nitrous oxide cylinders are
Abrasions should be treated by:
No surgical intervention—healing by reepithelialization
Oral hypoglycemic drugs may be used to treat:
Non-insulin dependent diabetes
When collecting a milk sample from a dairy animal, for which of the following methods is it not important to clean the teat end before collecting the sample?
None of the above; the teats should always be cleaned before collecting a milk sample
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypo static pneumonia?
Nonproductive cough
A constricting bandage is not likely to cause
Normal color of the body part
What animal has oval erythrocytes?
Normal llama
An irregular heart rhythm resulting from variations in vagal nerve tone as a result of respiration in dogs is called:
Normal sinus arrhythmia
A parenteral drug is administered
Not via the gastrointestinal tract
What is "conventional" medical records
Notes (Hx/exams) are combined chronologically together regardless of the problem. This method makes it more difficult to review specific cases at a later date.
Which of the following suture materials is most likely to cause stich granulomas if left in too long?
Nylon
Rasps, curettes, and chucks are all terms used for instruments used for:
Orthopedic surgery
Tommy, the American Bulldog, has trouble walking at home and moves around possible, which is not normal for him. On palpating the joints in Tommy's hind legs, the veterinarian detects the following signs: pain, swelling, crepitus, decreased range of joint laxity. These are consistent with a diagnosis of:
OA
The abbreviation for both eyes is:
OU
Scrubbed surgical personnel become contaminated if they touch:
Objects that are hanging off the edge of the sterile pack
Determination of the most effective antibiotic treatment is best achieved by
Obtaining a sample from the infected area for culture and sensitivity
This word is defined as a state where an animal can only be aroused with a painful stimulus.
Obtunded
Hypocalcemia in dogs
Occurs most often in mid to late lactation
Serosanguineous
Of a surgical incision is dehisening, the discharge, if present, is most likely to be
Normal anal sac secretions are:
Off white or brown and foul smelling
Heaves most commonly occurs in horses that are
Older than 15 years of age
Atrial depolrization
On an electrocardiogram the phone wave is most closely associated with
Ventricular repolarization
On an electrocardiogram the time wave is most closely associated with
Proglottids of Dipylidium caninum are most commonly found:
On hairs around the anus
You are asked to prepare a cat for castration. He will be restrained in dorsal recumbency with his hind legs tied cranially to expose the scrotal region. Which of the following describes the cats position?
On his back, legs towards the head
What is the technical term for a declaw?
Onchyectomy
Concerning the veterinary hospital's pharmacy, which statement is most accurate?
One may purchase supplies through veterinary-wholesale suppliers (distributors) or directly from manufacturers.
When 0.9% saline solution is administered intravenously,within a short time, only about ______ will remain in the vascular space.
One quarter
The advantage to using an Ehmer sling rather than a 90-90 flexion sling to immobilize the canine or feline hind limb after reduction of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation is? (replacing a dislocated hip)
Only the Ehmer sling internally rotates and adducts the hip joint
Before starting the surgical procedure, the technician who has scrubbed in with the surgeon should do all of the following except:
Open the suture material
Butorphanol is a(n):
Opioid analgesic
Butorphenol, Fentanyl and Buprenorphine are examples of:
Opioids
A vomiting patient generally should not receive medication:
Orally
The urine of a normal rabbit can be which of the following colors?
Orange
Otodectes cynotis is a common cause of:
Otitis externa in cats and kittens
Aminoglycosides at high doses may cause damage to the:
Ototoxicity
Two common toxicities of aminoglycoside antibiotics are
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Spay
Ovariohysterectomy
Generally speaking, which of the following types of catheters is most commonly used for IV catheterization?
Over-the-needle
In young ruminants, enterotoxemia is caused by:
Overeating milk or milk replacer
The most important factor in assuring wt. loss in an obese cat is?
Owner compliance
Green
Oxygen cylinders are
Initial treatment for a patient in respiratory distress is
Oxygen supplementation
What hormone stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown in dogs?
Oxytocin
What parasite is the equine pinworm?
Oxyuris equi
The dental formula for the permanent teeth in the dog is 2 (I3/3 and C1/1) plus
P 4/4 and M2/3 = 42
The percentage of whole blood that is composed of erythrocytes is the:
PCV
The accepted abbreviation for the oral route of drug administration is
PO
Which method of medication administration is least likely to be effective in a vomiting patient?
PO
Duragesic transdermal patches are used most commonly in veterinary medicine to control:
Pain
The sex of juvenile guinea pigs is determined by:
Palpation of the pelvic region
Common side effects of narcotics in dogs include:
Panting, respiratory depression, and bradycardia
When prepping a cow for a laparotomy for treatment of a displaced abdomen, the technician should prep the area around the:
Paralumbar fossa
The cranial vena cava is often used for venipuncture in swine. The right side is usually used to avoid the: (jugular fossa)
Phrenic Nerve
Eosinophillia is commonly seen with a?
Parasitic infection
What is the most frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in adult cattle?
Parasitic infection
what disease process requires nebulization as a treatment ?
Parenchymal lung problems
Which statement concerning canine parvovirus is most accurate?
Parvovirus is easily diagnosed with an in-house test performed on feces and Because parvovirus is very persistent in the environment, an agent with strong virucidal properties, such as diluted bleach, should be used for cleanup.
When performing a bone marrow aspiration on a small animal, what factors play into site selection when deciding between the ilium, humerus, and femur?
Patient's age, size and conformation
Acepromazine should be avoided in all of the following except:
Patients scheduled for radiology
Which of these compounds can be safely given via IV?
Penicillin sodium succinate (antibiotic)
Antibiotics like ampicillin, cloxacillin, and ticarcillin belong to the class
Penicillins
Some antibiotics work by interfering with bacteria as they reproduce. For those antibiotics it is essential that the bacteria are in an active state of growing and dividing and have not been inhibited by previous administration of a bacteriostatic antibiotic. Which antibiotics works only on bacteria that are actively growing and dividing?
Penicillins
Which of the following drug groups is most likely to provoke an allergic reaction in treated animals?
Penicillins
The primary difference between and OFA and a PennHIP evaluation is that
PennHIp focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
Which one of the following drugs would have the narrowest therapeutic index?
Pentobarbital
Infectious after 2-4 days
People who own cats can be exposed to toxoplasmosis oocysts from cat feces in litter box. After being passed in the feces oocysts is
Which medication causes black stools?
Pepto-Bismol
The least desirable method of administering insulin
Per os
Which of the following is not done on a routine physical examination of a cat?
Perform a rectal examination
In which of the following procedures would hypothermia be the biggest risk?
Performing a dental with extractions on a 70 pound lab
Cystocentesis is contraindicated in all of the following except
Periparturient dams
Pinpoint hemorrhage on the mucous membranes and skin is termed:
Petechiae
Pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed
Petechiation
The term that describes the absorption of, metabolism of and excretion of a drug is:
Pharmacokinetics
A post operative animal's endotracheal tube may be removed once the _______ reflex returns.
Pharyngeal
Acepromazine is an example of a(n):
Phenothiazine
Which NSAID must be administered via the IV route for parenteral use in horses?
Phenylbutazone
Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs?
Phenylpropanolamine
What type of enema should you NEVER use in cats?
Phosphate enema Causes acute collapse assoc. w/ hypocalcemia
Which fluid would be considered a colloid ?
Plasma
Which fluid would be considered a colloid?
Plasma
A cell seen in bone marrow smears that is characterized by a perinuclear clear area around the eccentrically located nucleus is a:
Plasma Cell.
Clear fluid removed from the thoracic cavity is known as
Pleural effusion
Dull lung sounds wntrally on auscultation indicate
Pleural effusion
Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in?
Pneumothorax
The condition in which air becomes trapped between the body wall and the lung is called:
Pneumothorax
A dog begins exhibiting ______, or excessive thirst, which can be an indication of diabetes.
Polydipsia
More teeth than normal is?
Polydontia
Which type of suture should not be used to closed the skin?
Polyglactin 910
Common short term side effects of glucocorticoids which should be communicated to the pet owner include:
Polyuria and polydipsia
Predictable, short term side effects of glucocorticoids therapy of which every client should be aware are?
Polyuria and polydipsia
Which is the best type of suction tip to use in the abdomen?
Poole
You are assisting with the surgical removal of a ruptured spleen by applying suction to the abdominal cavity. What type of suction tip is best used for this procedure?
Poole
A capillary refill time of greater than 2 seconds is indicative of
Poor perfusion
A capillary refill time of greater than 2 seconds is indicative of:
Poor perfusion
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, commonly called "diamond skin disease", is found in which of the following species?
Porcine
Chromodacryorrhea is caused by:
Porphyrin secretions from the harderian gland
In relation to assisted ventilation, the acronym PPV stands for:
Positive Pressure Ventilation
The primary intracellular cation commonly measured in veterinary species is
Potassium.
Snails and larvae are part of the life cycle for which disease?
Potomac horse fever
Which of the following drugs is not an NSAID?
Prednisone
The Bruce effect in mice is when:
Pregnant females are exposed to the urine of a strange male and abort
When a dog is to be castrated, the surgical site is usually located in the:
Prescrotal area
Urinary pH is not affected by the:
Presence of crystals in the urine
I brought her in today because she started vomiting about a week ago.
Presenting complaint
Tension pneumothorax occurs when
Pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than atmospheric pressure
Anti-emetics:
Prevent vomiting.
An ovariohysterectomy may be performed for all the following reasons, except
Prevention of sertoli cell tumors
Surgical wounds closed by direct apposition heal by
Primary intention healing
What is the correct bandage layer order for a bandage?
Primary, secondary,tertiary
The doctor hands you a syringe of cefazolin and tells you to give it to an anesthetized patient IV over 5 minutes. If you give it as a bolus, what could happen?
Profound hypotension
What hormone is released by the corups luteum and maintains pregnancy in dogs?
Progesterone
Which drug requires protective clothing when handled?
Prostaglandin
Asthmatic veterinary technicians should use extreme caution when handling:
Prostaglandins
How do prostaglandins synchronize estrous cycles of a group of females or terminate a pregnancy?
Prostaglandis lyse the corpus luteum, thus reducing progesterone concentrations.
Commercially prepared diets for severe renal disease are restricted in
Protein
Commercially prepared diets for severe renal disease are restricted in:
Protein
Which of the following is not true of inactivated vaccines?
Provides cellular and mucosal immunity
Providing fresh food and water once the animal is conscious
Providing good nursing care for the recovering anesthetized patient is the duty of the attending anesthetist. Which of the following is not advisable for a patient immediately following surgery
A common site for intraosseous administration of fluids or drugs is the:
Proximal femur
The feline pulse is most commonly palpated over the:
Proximal, medial thigh
The disease caused by a herpesvirus which is usually deadly in young pigs is known as:
Pseudorabies
The gastrointestinal zoonosis of greatest concern in birds is _____, which is caused by _____.
Psittacosis; Chlamydia psittaci
These topical insecticides, whose natural compound originates from the extract of a flower, come in a variety of formulations, are relatively nontoxic to pets, and are known for their quick "knockdown" effect.
Pyrethrins
The kVP setting on an x-ray maching controls the
Quality of the x-ray beam
The milliampere-seconds (mAs) setting on an x-ray maching controls the
Quantity of x-rays emitted
All of the following are rodents except the:
Rabbit
Normal freshly voided urine of most species is clear. Which of the following is an exception to this:
Rabbit
Which species has two pair of upper incisors called peg teeth?
Rabbit
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease most commonly associated with:
Rabbits
A cat with hyperthyroidism may receive which of the following treatments?
Radioactive iodine
In radiographs, an apical abcess appears as a?
Radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth
Positive contrast media are:
Radioopaque, meaning it will be white on a processed film
Positive contrast media are considered to be
Radiopaque, which means it will be white on a processed film
You are monitoring a patient under anesthesia. Fluid therapy helps
Raise the blood pressure
A "major crossmatch" detects
Reactions between donor RBC's and recipient plasma
T killer cells function to
Recognize cancer cells as abnormal cells and eliminate them
Which of the following can cause hypoxia?
Reduced blood flow, decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, Hypoventilation
The most accurate way to measure urine specific gravity is:
Refractometer
NSAIDs are most likely to cause side effects in what two organ systems:
Renal and gastrointestinal
Determined by % dehydrated
Replacement
Observation of the nose for nasal discharge often begins with this body system?
Respiratory system
The maintenance fluid administration rate includes appropriate losses from the following three sources: ________system, ________, and the ________tract.
Respiratory, urine, and gastrointestinal
List three signs of over-hydration
Restlessness Serous nasal discharge Increased body weight
Characteristics of a canine geritric diet include
Restricted protein and phosphorus; increased fiber
A Ballfour is what type of instrument?
Retractor
The surgeon asks you to hand her the "Gelpi's" during a laporotomy. What type of instrument is she asking for?
Retractor
When giving an intramuscular injection into the semitendinosus or semimembranosus muscles, this nerve must be avoided.
Sciatic
The abbreviation od and os on a prescription refer to?
Right eye and left eye
Dioctophyma renale is often found in the ________ of dogs.
Right kidney
Which lung field is best visualized in an animal that is in left lateral recumbancy?
Right lung field
There is relayively low risk of complications from tightening the tertiary layer of a ________ bandage.
Robert Jones bandage
Which of the following is a very bulky bandage used to immobilize a limb distal to the elbow or stifle joint?
Robert Jones bandage
Forceps that are 20 cm with longitudinal grooves and distal transverse grooves are named:
Rochester- Carmalt
Forceps that are 20 cm with longitudinal grooves and distal transverse grooves are named:
Rochester-Carmalt
"Marty" is an adult, indoor-outdoor cat who was diagnosed with Taenia taeniaeformis. After treatment for this infection, what do you tell his owner to do to prevent another infection with this parasite?
Rodent control
Which of the following instruments is most suitable for removal of bone to perform spinal surgery?
Rongeurs
Endodontic files with endodontic stops, gutta-percha and paper points are all used in:
Root canals
Removal of calculus and necrotic cementum from the tooth roots is called
Root planning
Apical means toward the
Root tip
Which breed of dog is known to have a genetic mutation which allows drugs like ivermectin to reach toxic concentrations within the brain?
Rough Collie
Which compartment of the bovine stomach is known as the fermentation vat?
Rumen
Which of the following nerves must be avoided when giving intramuscular injections in a cat or dog?
Sciatic
Bovine respiratory disease syndrome (BRDS) commonly called _____, is caused by a combination of respiratory bacteria, viruses, and ____.
Shipping fever; stress
Starting at the esophagus and going to the duodenum, the order of the ruminant's compartments is
Rumen, reticulum, omasum. abomasum
Where should a rabies vaccine be given to a cat?
SQ in RR limb, as distally as possible.
A laryngeal burr would be used in:
Sacculectomy
Sialocele
Salivary cyst is a
Circumferential pressure is applied at the stifle to occlude and distend this vein ?
Saphenous
The causative agent of equine protozoal myelitis (EPM) is:
Sarcocystis neurona
Which coccidial species is considered nonpathogenic in dogs and cats?
Sarcocystis spp.
Mites that burrow and tunnel in the epidermis causing severe pruritus are:
Sarcoptidae
A curette is used to
Scale calculus from the tooth surface located in the gingival sulcus
A skin incision made with a sharp _____ results in the most rapid healing and the least amount of scar formation.
Scalpel blade
Types of breathing circuits include all of the following except:
Scavenger
All of the following can be used to check mucous membrane color except:
Sclera
The holdfast organ of adult Cyclophillidean cestodes is called the:
Scolex
Which of the following diseases is found in guinea pigs when they are fed a diet low in Vitamin C?
Scurvy
Allowing a wound to heal completely without surgical closure is known as:
Second-intention healing
Sialoschesis
Suppression of the flow of saliva is
MacConkey agar:
Selects for gram-negative organisms
Loss that is always occuring and measurable
Sensible
Included in the maintenance fluids, this type of loss is always occuring and is measurable
Sensible losses
If a surgical incision is dehiscing, the discharge, if present, is most likely to be?
Serosanguineous
Your patient is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when his tests reveal:
Serum elevations of the protein metabolites creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Serial documentation of azotemia with a concurrent inadequate urine specific gravity
The preferred measurement for detection of pancreatitis in cats is:
Serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration signifies a
Severe cortical injury
An animal with decreased skin turgor (skin "tents" when pinched), eyes sunken into its orbits, prolonged capillary refill time, and dry mucous membranes is:
Severely dehydrated (10% to 12%)
Which inhalant agent is a good choice for avian patients due to rapid and smooth induction and recovery?
Sevoflurane
Which of the following does not generally affect radiographic contrast?
The level of current used for the exposure
What does dyspnea mean?
Shortnesss of breath
As a dentifrice for use in small animals, baking soda?
Should not be used as a dentifrice for animals
Gloved hands may be rested on a sterile drape or clasped in front of the body in the zone between the _____ and _____.
Shoulders, waist
She is 3 years old and was spayed 6 months ago.
Signalment
Which finding is normal in the dog?
Sinus arrhythmia
Rumen inoculation is
Siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of debilitated animal
A tx sheet states to "hot pack" an area BID. What is the best way to do this?
Soak a cloth in very hot water, wring lightly, apply until it cools and repeat. Tx for up to 20 minutes.
A treatment sheet states to "hot pack" an area twice daily. What is the best way to do this?
Soak a cloth in very hot water, wring lightly, apply until it cools, and repeat. Treat for up to 20 minutes
Which statement about chemical reagent strip analysis of urine is true?
The urine must be at room temperature if accurate results are to be obtained.
Hypernatremia refers to an elevated blood level of:
Sodium.
The primary extracellular cation commonly measured in veterinary species is
Sodium.
The best, and most widely used, media to attain isolated colonies of clinical specimens is:
Solid media in plates
What is a modified live virus
Something is changed about the virus so it doesn't cause the disease ex. bordetella
A liver-specific enzyme that can be used to evaluate liver function in horses is
Sorbitol dehydrogenase
Which of the following is true of nasogastric intubation (NGT)?
Special care and attention must be taken to determine the exact length of tubing required from the entrance of the nostril to the point of the stomach or rumen
The number of species of bacteria that are affected by an antibiotic is known as the antibiotic's:
Spectrum
The number of species that are affected by an antibiotic is known as an antibiotic s
Spectrum
A firm but gentle tap on an appropriate tendon and observation of the degree of contraction of the corresponding muscle is used in the measurement of:
Spinal reflexes
Ultrasonic scaling
Sprays the tooth with water to cool the tooth and prevent pulp damage
Delerium or excitement occur during this stage of anesthesia:
Stage 2
Ideally, a smooth induction should bypass
Stage 2
The ideal level of anesthesia for most surgical cases is:
Stage 3 Plane 2
The ideal surgical plane is:
Stage 3, Plane 2
What organism will most likely grow on mannitol salt agar?
Staphylococcus aureus
The catalase test is an quick and easy test for differentiating ________ from _______.
Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
The preferred method of sample preparation for a highly viscous cytology sample is:
Starfish smear.
seroma
Sterile fluid accumulation beneath an incisison after surgery
Whenever possible, animals with lung problems should be maintained in:
Sternal recumbency
What is considered to be the best piece of monitoring equipment a clinic can have?
Stethoscope
Erythropoietin
Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
An upper GI study is performed to evaluate
Stomach and small intestine
The larvae of Gastrophilus spp. spend 10 months located in the:
Stomach of the horse
An allergic disease that causes airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and excessive mucus production is:
Strangles
What disease is caused by Streptococcus equi?
Strangles
Strangles is caused by:
Streptococcus equi
The etiologic agent for strangles is
Streptococcus equi
What are two predisposing factors that may cause gastric ulceration?
Stress, high grain diet
Hydralazine, prazosin, and captopril are examples of:
Vasodilators
The patient requires 5% dextrose
Subcutaneous fluids are contraindicated when
5-8 hours
Subcutaneous fluids are usually absorbed in
Sucralfate is used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Which statement is true concerning its mode of action?
Sucralfate adheres to damaged mucosa and creates a protective, adhesive-bandage-like barrier
Which of the following is not associated with food allergies?
Sudden change in diet
Which of these drugs is not an antifungal drugs?
Sulfadimethoxine
Crystalluria, KCS and skin rashes are potential side effects primarily associated with which antibiotic class?
Sulfonamides
For the condition seborrhea sicca, which shampoos would be the most beneficial for the patient?
Sulfur and salicyclic acid
When figuring out how much fluids to give a patient, which is not a part of your calculations?
Supplemental losses
The most common absorbable, non-synthetic suture material is:
Surgical gut - made from sheep intestine
Enucleation
Surgical procedures of the ear include all of the following except
Onychectomy
Surgical procedures of the eye and adenxal structures include all of the following except
Lumpectomy
Surgical resection of a mass
Sterile drapes are attached around an incision after the surgical scrub to prevent contamination of deeper tissues from the:
Surrounding skin
Concerning the measurement of central venous pressure (CVP), which statement is most accurate?
Suspect obstruction of the catheter if the manometer does not fluctuate 2-5 mm w/respiration
Which of the following is not a type of needle point?
Swaged
What type of vaccine reactions can occur?
Swelling at vaccine site usually do to adjuvant Respiratory distress usually requires treatment
Drugs which work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of the two drugs are considered to be:
Synergistic
Drugs which work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of the two drugs are considered:
Syngergistic
Which of the following drugs is most useful in treating dogs with hypothyroidism
Synthetic levothyroxine
Which phase of the EKG represents the repolarization of the ventricles?
T wave
If 1 hr after sx it is suspected that an animal is bleeding and the PCV remains normal, it would be beneficial to evaluate?
TP
A farmer will do what 4 procedures to a piglet w/in the 1st 3-5 days of birth?
Tail dock iron dextran supplement Clip needle teeth Ear notch/tattoo
Given a pure solution, how would you make 500ml of 50% solution?
Take 250 ml of pure solution and add 250 ml of sterile water
Given a pure solution, how would you make 500 mL of 50% solution?
Take 250mL of pure solution and add 250mL of sterile water
When evaluating an adult feline admitted with an upper respiratory infection, you discover a low body temperature of 36.6 C (98 F). Yesterday it was 38.8 C (102 F). The first thing to do is:
Take his temperature again to verify the reading
Which of the following drugs is used to treat cats with hyperthyroidism:
Tapazole/Felimazole
You will be assisting in a cystotomy surgery. The surgeon asks for 3-0 Dexon to suture the bladder, but does not specify the type of needle. What type of needle would be the least traumatic for suturing the bladder closed?
Taper, swaged
Porscha, a sheepdog, has been diagnosed with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). This means that her immune system has:
Targeted the red blood cells as foreign and developed autoantibodies against red blood cell membrane components
The amino acid found in animal tissue that is required by cats not in dogs is
Taurine
The bisecting angle technique is associated with taking an x-ray of the
Teeth
The following general anesthetic agents can all be delivered to effect except:
Telazol IM
________________ is the distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or urinary bladder.
Tenesmus
Pyrexia
Term that means fever
d-Dimer and fibrin degradation product tests can be used to evaluate:
Tertiary hemostasis.
A typical sawhorse appearance can be seen with which of the following diseases?
Tetanus
Spikes, loose nails, and barbed wire must be removed from equine quarters to decrease the danger of:
Tetanus
The "MIC" obtained by the broth dilution susceptibility test in reference laboratories is defined as
The lowest concentration of antimicrobial that macroscopically inhibits growth of the organism.
What is the drug of choice for treating Lyme disease (borreliosis)?
Tetracycline
The carnassial teeth in the dogs are
The 4th upper premolar and lower 1st molar
The advantage to using Gelpi retractor over a Senn retractor is
The Gelpi is self-retaining
Hip
The animal is to be prepared for a femoral head ostectomy. What part of the body is prepped
Causal aspect of stifle
The animal is to be prepped for popiteal lymph node biopsy. What part of the body is prepped
Which of the following sites is not ideal for applying transdermal medications like the Fentamyl patch?
The back of the neck that is untrimmed
A contaminated would differs from one that is infected in that
The bacterial count is lower in a contaminated wound
DEA 1.1 negative
The blood group of canines that is synonymous with the term universal donor is
Portal vein
The blood vessel that carries nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver is the
What is an amnestic respone?
The body's ability to remember it had antibodies before Intial respone 7-14 days Booster response 72 hours
Before cleaning general nursing wards
The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned
The palmar surface of the forelimb refers to
The caudal surface of the forelimb distal to the carpus
Spinal chord
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the
The animal is walking on or using the splinter or casted leg
The client should be instructed to contact the veterinary hospital if any of the following occur with a splint or cast except
6 times the patients tidal volume
The clime of the recreating bag in an anesthetic machine should be at least
Zolazepam and tiletamine
The combination drug telazol contains
The therapeutic index is:
The comparison between the ability of a drug to reach the desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effect
Peripheral nervous system
The cranial nerves and spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3)=42
The dental formula of an adult dog is
The ED50 is the:
The dose which is effective for half of the animals treated
The cranial and caudal borders for a lateral abdomen should be
The eighth rib and the femoral head
Periosteum
The fibrous covering around the part of the bone not covered by articular cartilage is
Which of the following statements is false?
The first layer of draping can be performed by nonsterile assistants
Mites of the genus Demodex reside in:
The hair follicles
What is the purpose of a ram wearing a body harness in with a pen full of ewes?
The harness has a marking device on the chest. When the ram mounts an ewe she will be marked and the farmer will know which ewes are in estrus.
Sinus arrhythmia occurs when:
The heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
A pulse deficit occurs when:
The heart rate is different than the pulse rate
A pulse deficit occurs when:
The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate
A pulse deficit occurs when
The heart rate is faster that the pulse rate
An electrocardiogram yields information about:
The heart's electrical activity
Fatty acid synthesis
The initial process of converting Glucose into fat is called
Liver
The largest gland in the adult animal body is the
Delivers blood to the liver
The portal vein
Pharmacodynamics may be defined as
The method by which the function of the living body is affected by the drug
Pharmacokinetics may be defined as
The method of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of a drug by the body
Femoral artery
The most common artery used in dogs and cats to obtain a pulse is
Exposure to air so that the area remains dry
The most critical factor to expedient healing of decubital sores is
Pylorus
The most distal portion of the monogastic stomach is the
Pylorus
The muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the
Septum
The muscular structure that seperated the right and left ventricles is called the intraventricular
Which of the following statements is true as is pertains to clipping overgrown nails in a dog?
The nails should be gradually trimmed back over the course of several weeks
When opeing wrapped sterile packs, which flap is opened last?
The nearest flap
A significant difference in IM injections in small animals compared to large animals is
The needle is first inserted into large animals before the syringe is attached
Epinephrine
The neurotransmitter that is most responsible for fight or flight reaction is
The generic name for a drug is also called:
The nonproprietary name
Acarines are:
The order that contains mites
What are the client's rights regarding the medical record?
The owner may request copies In the state of WI, you may not withhold copies of a medical record, but can change a fee for the copy
Allows oxygen to flow into the breathing system without going throw the vaporizer
The oxygen Flush valve
Which of the following statements is false?
The oxygen flush valve delivers high flows of oxygen to the vaporizer.
Atrial contraction
The p wave component oh the QRS complex usually corresponds to
Subcutaneous fluids are contraindicated when
The patient needs dextrose
Which of the following statement about GI surgery are false?
The patient should be fed immediately upon recovery from anesthesia
Systolic blood pressure
The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is
50-60 psi
The pressure of gas that enters the flow meter of an inhaler anesthetic machine is
A pulse deficit occurs when:
The pulse rate lags behind the heart rate
The client is usually most concerned with the "chief complaint," which is
The reason the client brought the animal in for evaluation
Therapeutic effect may be defined as:
The result in which the drug has a desirable effect
With reference to the eyes, the abbreviation OD refers to:
The right eye
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The scientific name for heaves in a horse is
How must a blood sample in a clot tube be handled to ensure accurate blood chemistry results
The serum should be separated from the clot immediately after centrifugation
Occipital bone
The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is
Dehiscence is:
The splitting open of a sugical incision
The focal spot is
The spot on the tungsten target that the electron beam is aimed at
The larvae of Hypoderma bovis spend 4 to 5 months developing in
The subcutaneous tissue of cattle
Ideally an endotracheal tube should be inserted so that:
The tip is midway between the thoracic inlet and the larynx
6000-17000/ul
The total white blood cell count of a normal adult dog is
Which of the following is false when performing an ultrasonic scaling during routine prophylaxis?
The ultrasonic scaler can be used for subgingival and supragingival scaling
T wave
The wave in an electrocardiogram that is associated with the arterial wall depolrization is the
English bulldog
There is more concern about pulling out the endotracheal tube too soon in what bred of dog
Most drugs that control arrhythmias of the heart are said to be negative inotropes. What does this mean?
They decrease the force of contractions
Which of the following statements about glucocorticoids is true?
They may cause immune suppression
Which statement about casts and crystals in urine sediment is true?
They may indicate the presence of disease
Which of the following is false regarding the use of muscle relaxants as part of an anesthetic plan?
They provide prolonged analgesia
Which injectable anesthetic should be administered via a patent IV catheter to avoid perivascular sloughing of skin?
Thiopental
A surgical site should be scrubbed and rinsed a minimum of _____ times.
Three
The following information was provided for a prescription written by a veterinarian: Canine patient, Amoxicillin 100 mg tablets, Sig: 1 tab q8h po prn 2 refills. Date: 1/5/96. How many times a day is this medication to be given?
Three times
What is the primary route of infection of caprine arthritis encephalitis?
Through infected colostrum or milk of an infected dam
Why might atropine or glycopyrrolate be included in a preanesthetic regimen?
To prevent excess salivation
Why is it extremely important to exercise caution when using balling guns, dose syringes, and stomach tubes in cattle?
To prevent the develompent of pharyngeal cellulitis, abscess, or hematoma
Why would you administer an enema?
To remove fecal material from the colon In prep for endoscopy or radiographic contrast studies of colon or LUT Relieve constipation/obstipation To admin meds in specific med condition
The triadan system is a?
Tooth identification system designed to aid in dental charting
If 1 hour after surgery, it is suspected that an animal is bleeding, and the packed cell volume remains normal, it would be beneficial to evaluate the
Total protein
Which is a Roundworm found only in cats:
Toxacara cati
The cat is the only definitive host for:
Toxoplasma
A Thomas splint is an example of a
Traction splint
4-10 weeks
Trial period for food allergies should be
A veterinarian suspects a perforation of the small bowel in a 9-year old German shepherd and wishes to confirm her diagnosis via a special positive contrast study. What positive contrast media would you use because it is the least irritating to the peritoneum?
Triodinated compound
Cats are induced ovulators T/F
True
A tick that transmits Lyme disease is an example of a _____.
Vector
A 10-Year-old boarding car does not eat her breakfast on the first day of her stay. What is an appropriate first action to take?
Try talking to her to eat of hand-feed her
A 10 year old boarding cat does not eat her breakfast on the 1st day of her stay. What is an appropriate action to take?
Try talking to her to encourage her to eat or hand-feed her.
If an animal under anesthesia has a respiratory rate of < 5 rpm, you should:
Turn off the vaporizer
Hospitalized or boarding dogs should generally be exercised or walked at least
Twice a day
Hospitalized or boarding dogs should generally be exercised or walked at least:
Twice a day
Unscrubbed personnel in the surgery room should not walk between:
Two sterile fields
Kappa and mu are:
Types of opioid receptors in the central nervous system
The imaging technique that involves a piezoelectric crystal within a transducer is
Ultrasound
Images are displayed in real time in which of the following?
Ultrasound and fluoroscopy
How can you tell by looking at an electroscalpel handpiece whether it is unipolar or bipolar?
Unipolar is pen shaped bipolar is tweezer shaped
Ketonuria would most likely be found in a(n):
Untreated diabetic cat
Dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple
Up and pointing rostrally
Which urine crystal is likely to be seen in urine from Dalmatian dogs?
Uric acid
The most commonly used measurement of kidney function in birds is:
Uric acid.
Because of the manner in which they are excreted, tetracyclines are often effective against infections of the:
Urinary tract
Isothenuria is best described as
Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
What are 4 ways the body loses water?
Urine, sweat, respiratory, fecal water, 3rd space shift, vomiting, burns
What method works best to move a pig from one place to another?
Use a hurdle or plastic pipe to herd the pigs
Ways to minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gas include all of the following except:
Use of masks and chambers for induction
When applying a tendon support bandage on a horse's front leg, the outer wrap may be secured by
Using adhesive tape and ensuring that the ends of the tape do not overlap
Eye position
Using ketamine as an anesthetic agent diminishes the value of what measure in assessing anesthetic depth
This certification identifies to the public those online pharmacy sites that are appropriately licensed and legitimately operating over the Internet.
VIPPS
What do vaccines do?
Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system causing it to produce antibodies
If the inhalent agent must be refilled during the anesthetic period, the _____ must be turned _____.
Vaporizer; off
Type of breathing circuit with which they can be used
Vaporizers may be classified according to all of the following expect the
Captopril is an example of a(n)?
Vasodilator
The type of cast most likely to form with pyelonephritis is:
WBC
What does the following reffer to? "Characterized by compression of cervical spinal cord by unstable cervical vertebrae"
Wabblers
The most important ingested nutrient is?
Water
What is the most essential nutrient required for survival ?
Water
Of the following horse breeds, which is in the pony class? - appaloosa - belgian -morgan - welsh
Welsh
Periphreal
What Dickinson of the nervous system contains the cranial nerves and paired spinal nerves
Reticulum
What area of the bovine body does hardware disease affect
Eosinophil
What blood cell normally has a multi-line nucleus
Diastolic
What blood pressure valve is not as important in veterinary medicine as it is in human medicine
Intra ocular pressure
What does toomey errors measure
Acetylcholineaterase
What enzyme inactivates acetylcholine
Age of the patient
What factor will not influence how rapidly suture materials are absorbed by the body
Sow
What female has ovaries that resemble a cluster of grapes because if the large number of protruding follicles
Sodium channels become blocked
What happens withing the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective
Oxytocin
What hormone contracts the female reproductive react to help move spermatozoa into the oviducts
Oxytocin
What hormone results in strong uterine contractions
Otoscope
What instrument is used to examine the ear canal
102 f
What is normal rectal tempature in a dog
Cachexia
What is often seen in cancer patients
63 days
What is the average length gestation for a dog
Inflammation debridment, repair, maturation
What is the correct order for te process of wound healing
Stimulates rbc production
What is the function of eryhtropoetin
2
What is the minimum number of throws required then making a surgical knot
Increased blood pressure
What isn't a function of insulin
Periosteum
What layer of bone tissue is necessary for attachment of ligaments and tendons
Insulin
What lowers blood Glucose
Ehmer
What sling is used to stabilize the coxofermal joint
Illeum
What structure is not part of the large intestine
Bronchiole
What structure is not part of the upper respiratory tract
Midbrain, Pons, medulla oblongata
What structures are found in the brainstem
Transfixation
What technique can be use to help prevent suture from slipping off the uterine stump
Flexion
What type of joint movement decreases angle between bones
1.060
What urine specific gravity would you expect to see in a dehydrated dog
Lymphocyte
What wbc is important in immunity production and normally had a single large nucleus that occupies most of the cell
Which of the following statements is true?
When drug products are compounded, distributed, and used, there is a possibility of harm to public health and animals if there is no adequate and well-controlled safety and effectiveness data.
Flush the tube with water
When feeding the patient though a tube, the technician should
Which of the following statements regarding the intramuscular route of drug administration is false?
When injecting into the semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles, the needle should enter the dorsal aspect of the muscle and be directed caudually
A hand tie can be used any time and instrument tie can
When is it appropriate to use a hand ties instead of instrument tie
Can medical info ever be release without owner consent?
When local, state, and/or federal agenciesd request info related to disease that may endanger the public ex: rabies
Slightly exceed the metabolic requirements of the patient
When planning the appropriate nutritional treatment for a patient the caloric intake should
Above elbows
When scrubbing, hands should be held
When should you extubate a brachycephalic patient?
When they are sitting sternally and looking around
Heart and skeletal muscles
Where are striated muscles located
Left paralumbar fossa
Where is the most likely place for a rumenotomy incision in a dairy cow
Halothane
Which I Haney anesthetic is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmia in dogs
Leptispira
Which if the follow is generally not a core vaccine in dogs
Mask
Which if the following do/does not have to be sterile during a surgical procedure to maintain aseptic technique
Washing the splint or bandage daily
Which if the following is not true of an aural hematoma
Bilirubin
Which if these can be positive in the urine of a normal, healthy dog
Grey cockatiel
Which if these pet birds is sexual lying dimorphic
Cattle
Which if these species have a kobulated kidney
Halothane
Which inhalant anesthetic is associated with the longest induction and recovery times
Nitrous oxide
Which inhaler anesthetic is biotransformed to the greatest extent in the animal body
Anorexia, anemia, alopecia
Which of the following are potential side effects of chemotherapy
Isopropyl alcohol
Which of the following can be used as abs antiseptic as well as a disinfectant
Decrease heart rate
Which of the following clinical signs would not normally be seen if a dog were suffering from hemorrhage after an ovariohysterectomy
Ileus
Which of the following conditions does not require surgical repair
Increased PaO2
Which of the following does not cause an increase in respiratory rate in an anesthetized animal
Lembert
Which of the following does not describe a type of surgical scissors
Mayo-hegar
Which of the following does not describe a type of surgical scissors
Rochester-carmalt
Which of the following forceps had the best crushing action
Rochester-carmalt
Which of the following hemostatic forceps has strait ions different from the others
Rat tooth forceps
Which of the following instruments is the only one appropriate for handling tissues during surgery
Cheanut
Which of the following is located most proximal on a horse leg
Depth of wound
Which of the following is not a factor influencing the formation of exuberant granulation tissue
A cow is dosed with an equine dose of xylazine. What drug should be immediately adminstered?
Yohimbine
Xylazine can be reversed with ________ and Medetomidine can be reversed with ________.
Yohimbine, Atipamezole
What does it mean when your hear rales an auscultation of the lungs of a foal?
You hear moist congestion in the lungs
Lack of what vitamin can cause deafness, tissue malfunction, and large coarse skin lesions in dogs
a
it is a non malignant tumor
a biopsy report confirms that an oral mass is in an acanthomatous epulis what can be said about this growth
brachycephalic
a bulldog would be described as having what type of head shape
dense rubber exerciser
a client wants to know what usually would be safe as for her dog's teeth you suggest that she best to give a
Hip dysplasia is:
a condition in which abnormal hip-joint development leads to hip pain & later hip arthritis
Hip dysplasia is?
a condition in which abnormal hip-joint development leads to hip pain & later hip arthritis
scale calculus from the tooth surface located in the gingival sulcus
a curette is used to
enamel hypoplasia
a dog that was exposed to distemper perinatally May develop which of the following oral pathologic conditions
What are Culicoides?
a kind of fly
When applying a bandage on the lower limb of a horse, apply topical medication, nonadhering dressing and then
a padded layer, rolled conforming gauze, brown gauze, and elastic wrap
In camelids, the urethral orifice is most easily located as:
a palpable groove on the floor of the vulva
What is an adjuvant?
a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents
scale large amounts of calculus from the tooth surface
a scaler is used to
A patient arrives in the emergency area with a severe full thickness burn in the inflammatory stage. The wound is heavily contaminated. You apply:
a sterile wet-to-dry bandage layer
Force feeding an adult patient is usually accomplished with?
a syringe & prescription diet specifically formulated for hospitalized pets
Which of the following values is a normal rectal temperature for a dog a. 102 b. 98 c. 106 d. 95
a. 102
To calculate the quantity of food to administer at one feeding to a 2 day old orphaned puppy, you would multiple the body weight in grams by a. 5% b. 10% c. 25% d. 50%
a. 5%
If you are syringe feeding a patient, the most appropriate positioning of the head would be a. A natural position b. Flexed upward 90 degrees c.Turning 90 degrees to one side d. Hanging over the edge of the table
a. A natural position
The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned a. Before cleaning the general nursing wards b. After cleaning the general nursing wards c. Only when they are dirty d. At least three times a day
a. Before cleaning the general nursing wards
Q fever in sheep is caused by a. Coxiella burnetii b. Clostridium chauvoei c. Chlamydia psittaci d. Camplyobacter jejuni
a. Coxiella burnetii
The blood group of canines that is synonymous with the term universal donor is a. DEA 1.1 negative b. DEA 1.1 positive c. DEA 3 positive d. DEA 3 negative
a. DEA 1.1 negative
Treatment of hip dysplasia can include
a. Surgical repair b. Nontraumatic exercise, such as swimming c. Pain-reducing medications
A pulse deficit occurs when a. The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate b. The heart rate is slower than the pulse rate c. The pulse rate is too thready to palpate d. There is an absence of palpable pulse
a. The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate
Isothenuria is best described as a. Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma b. Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality greater than glomerular filtrate and plasma c. Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality less than glomerular filtrate and plasma d. Urine with a specific gravity greater than plasma but less than glomerular filtrate
a. Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
What does it mean when you hear rales on auscultation of the lungs of a foal a. You hear moist congestion in the lungs b. You hear a fast heart rate c. A foreign object is trapped in the esophagus d. The foal has a tracheal tear
a. You hear moist congestion in the lungs
asites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Once plaque has formed on a tooth, how long does it take to mineralize into calculus?
about 7 days
_____ sutures lose some of their breaking strength within 60 days
absorbable
Which of the following conditions is/are more common in geriatric patients?
arthritis and degenerative joint disease
Pick two reasons why blood would be collected from an artery:
assess pulmonary function; assess partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide
When do pot bellied pigs usually reach their full size?
at 2 to 3 years of age
Which of the following cardiac diseases is often associated with severe dental disease?
atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction
Which drug would most likely be administered if to treat bradycardia during anesthesia?
atropine
Hospitalized patients that require nutritional support are those that have lost _____ of their body weight a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20%
b. 10%
Plaster of paris type casting material can bear weight in approximately a. 2 hours b. 12 hours c. 24 hours d. 36 hours
b. 12 hours
What is the average length of gestation for a dog a. 70 days b. 63 days c. 59 days d. 55 days
b. 63 days
Fluids administered via the subcutaneous route should be at a. Room temperature and hypertonic b. Body temperature and isotonic c. Body temperature and hypotonic d. Room temperature and hypotonic
b. Body temperature and isotonic
Blood transfusion reactions that result from incompatibility are rarest in a. Dogs b. Cats c. Horses d. Cows
b. Cats
Increased carbon dioxide levels are detected by a. Chemoreceptors in the pulmonary artery b. Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries c. Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the jugular veins d. Chemoreceptors in the renal veins
b. Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries
A client calls to say that her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at his belly, and is trying to roll; the veterinarian will most likely find that the horse is suffering from a. Tetanus b. Colic c. Strangles d. Epistaxis
b. Colic
Which of the following is the least desirable method of warming a recumbent patient a. Instant heat pads b. Electric heating pad c. Wrapped hot water bottles d. Infrared lamps
b. Electric heating pad
Milk fever is caused by a a. Raised blood calcium level b. Lowered blood calcium level c. Raised blood magnesium level d. Raised blood phosphorus level
b. Lowered blood calcium level
Which of the following is not done on a routine physical examination of a cat a. Open the mouth and look at the teeth, tongue, and gums b. Perform a rectal examination c. Listen to the heart and lungs d. Palpate the abdomen for masses
b. Perform a rectal examination
Cystocentesis is contraindictated in all of the following except a. Bleeding disorders b. Periparturient dams c. Pyometra d. Bladder tumors
b. Periparturient dams
Pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed a. Epiphora b. Petechiation c. Lichenification d. Cyanosis
b. Petechiation
Which of the following is not true of inactivated vaccines a. A finite antigen mass at injection b. Provides cellular and mucosal immunity c. Require adjuvant d. Relatively stable and safe
b. Provides cellular and mucosal immunity
A significant difference in IM injections in small animals compared to large animals is a. The muscles for injection are not comparable b. The needle is first inserted into large animals before the syringe is attached c. there is no preswabbing with an antispetic d. IM injections are avoided in large animals if possible
b. The needle is first inserted into large animals before the syringe is attached
If 1 hour after surgery, it is suspected that an animal is bleeding, and the packed cell volume remains normal, it would be beneficial to evaluate the a. Hemoglobin b. Total Protein c. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration d. Red blood cell count
b. Total Protein
How should scrubbed personnel pass each other in the operating room?
back to back or front to front.
The least desirable anesthetic protocol for an emergency cesarean section is
barbiturate anesthetic
Towards the end of gestation, the mare is said to be waxing if
beads of milk appear on the ends of her teats
What is another name for pressure sores?
bed sore
use wash sharpen and sterilize
between patients it is best to use the following order for maintaining instruments
When liquids must be administered orally, with a syringe, the tip of the syringe must by placed:
between the cheek and the gums and the muzzle is held at a neutral angle
Melena is?
black stool caused by digested blood
Histimine-2 receptor antagonists:
block histamine in the stomach
The collection tube containing sodium citrate has
blue top (turqoise)
Which parameters can aid in assessing the hydration status of a patient?
body temp TP Urine SG Body weight PCV CVP
Which of the following substances absorbs the most x-rays?
bone
Placing oral paste in the cheek pouch of the horse can result in
buccal ulceration
Surgical patient drapes are sterile and placed on the nonsterile patient
by the sterile surgeon or sterile assistant
Abdominal palpation in large animals is correctly termed a. Percussion b. Ileus c. Ballottment d. Tympany
c. Ballottment
Sinus arrhythmia occurs when the a. Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and expiration b. Heart and pulse rates decrease with inspiration and expiration c. Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration d. Heart and pulse rates decrease with inspiration and increase with expiration
c. Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
The proper way to restrain and carry a rabbit is a. Grasp the ears with one hand, and put the other hand under the the rabbit's abdomen b. Hold the rabbit by the ears only c. Hold the rabbit by the scruff with one hand and grasp the hocks of the rabbit with the other d. Place both hands under the rabbit's body and lift
c. Hold the rabbit by the scruff with one hand and grasp the hocks of the rabbit with the other
Which of the following is not an observable skin condition? a. Alopecia b. Seborrhea c. Hyphema d. Erythema
c. Hyphema
Grass tetany in cattle a. Occurs mid summer b. Is caused by a low blood calcium level c. Is caused by a low blood magnesium level d. Occurs in mid winter
c. Is caused by a low blood magnesium level
The vein of choice for blood sampling in horses is the a. Cephalic vein b. Saphenous Vein c. Jugular vein d. Coccygeal vein
c. Jugular vein
The colloquial term for acetomemia in cattle is a. Milk fever b. Mastitis c. Ketosis d. Bloat
c. Ketosis
Which of the following is generally not a core vaccine for dogs a. Distemper b. Adenovirus c. Leptospira d. Parvovirus
c. Leptospira
Which of the following sites should not be used for blood sampling in rabbits a. Cephalic vein b. Jugular vein c. Medial saphenous vein d. Ear vein
c. Medial saphenous vein
Hypocalcemia in dogs a. Does not occur b. Occurs most often at parturition c. Occurs most often in mid to late lactation d. Can occur at any time
c. Occurs most often in mid to late lactation
The least desirable method of administering insulin is a. Intramuscular b. Subcutaneous c. Per os d. Intravenous
c. Per os
The most appropriate solution to use as an ear cleaner in an animal that does not have an intact tympanum is a. Commercial ceruminolytic b. Dilute povidone-iodine c. Physiologic Saline d. Dilute Chlorhexadine
c. Physiologic Saline
Cheyne-Stokes respiration signifies a a. Vestibular problem b. Midbrain lesion c. Severe cortical injury d. Brainstem lesion
c. Severe cortical injury
Rumen inoculation is a. Introducing a bacteria percutaneously to destroy a population explosion of ruminal microorganisms b. Drenching an antibiotic solution via an orogastric tube into the rumen c. Siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of a debilitated animal d. Vaccinating against the many enteric pathogens of ruminants
c. Siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of a debilitated animal
Which of the following statements is true as it pertains to clipping overgrown nails in a dog a. The nails should be immediately clipped back to 1/4 inch in length b. A dremel type intsrument should be used to file each nail to 1/2 inch c. The nails should be gradually trimmed back over the course of several weeks d. The dog should be temporarily housed on concrete to encourage each nail to break at an appropriate length
c. The nails should be gradually trimmed back over the course of several weeks
A Thomas splint is an example of a a. Coaptation splint b. Anchor splint c. Traction splint d. Reducing splint
c. Traction splint
When applying a tendon support bandage on a horse's front leg, the outer wrap may be secured by a. Tucking the end of the roll of bandage into the top of wrapped bandage b. Using adhesive tape and ensuring that the end of the tap overlaps c. Using adhesive tape and ensuring that the ends of the tape do not overlap d. Using a piece of twine wrapped completely around the leg
c. Using adhesive tape and ensuring that the ends of the tape do not overlap
Which of the following is a dietary macromineral?
calcium
In liquid reagent-based chemistry analyzers, a solution that contains a known concentration of specific substances and is used to compare patient results on a curve is called a:
calibrator
lips
cheil/o and labi/o
Which species must be handled carefully to prevent fur slip?
chinchilla
Geriatric patients acting aggressively should be evaluated for?
chronic pain decreased hearing decreased vision
Which drugs are considered quinolones?
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin
Surgical wound that enters a hollow viscus would be classified as
clean- contaminated wound
A surgical wound with a minor break in a sterile technique would be classified as
clean-contaminated wound
the appetite can be enchanted in patients whose eyes and nose are obstructed with discharge by
clearing the accumulated discharge from the eyes and nose frequent walking
When auscultating the heart, the lub sound you hear is the
closing of the AV valve
You warn a coworker that using the ________ vein route to administer a particularly irritating drug can cause thrombosis and sloughing of the tail
coccygeal
Medications dispensed that are considered unsafe for layperson to administer without monitoring by a licensed veterinarian are called ___________ drugs.
controlled
What stimulates sheep and goats to start cycling?
cool weather decreasing day length geographic origin of a specific breed
Fluorescein dye is most often used to diagnose
corneal ulcers or scratched
Which surgical instrument is used to scrape hard tissues, such as bone
currettes
Analgesia should be provided by a regimen that a. Requires a specified time to elapse between administrations b. Requires an interval of time to elapse that allows the animal to demonstrate the current level of pain c. Provides one administration of an analgesic agent every 24 hours d. Administers the analgesic before the onset of anticipated pain returns
d. Administers the analgesic before the onset of anticipated pain returns
The most critical factor to expedient healing of decubital sores is a. Regular rotation of the patient b. Application of antibiotics to prevent infection c. Administration of sedatives to keep the animal still d. Exposure to air so that the area remains dry
d. Exposure to air so that the area remains dry
Which of the following lists the stages of wound healing in the correct order a. Collagen, maturation, exudative b. Maturation, collagen, exudative c. Exudative, maturation, collagen d. Exudative, collagen, maturation
d. Exudative, collagen, maturation
The pulse of a horse is most conveniently palpated using the a. Femoral artery b. Dorsal pedal artery c. Coccygeal artery d. Facial artery
d. Facial artery
Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except a. Staggering b. Ascending paralysis c. Neck kink d. Hypersalivation
d. Hypersalivation
Which of the following diseases of sheep is not zoonotic a. Rabies b. Chlamydia infection c. Toxoplasmosis d. Johne's
d. Johne's
Blood sampling in cats is best achieved from the a. Cephalic vein b. Saphenous vein c. Cuticle bleed d. Jugular vein
d. Jugular vein
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia a. Fast and frequent shallow breathing b. Increased respiratory effort c. Moist noises when breathing d. Nonproductive cough
d. Nonproductive cough
A wound with a high bacterial count would be classified as
dirty and infected wound
Which of the following is the best way to retrieve a parrot from a cage a. Grasp the parrot's legs in one hand, the neck in the other hand, and pull out the parrot b. Place a towel over the body, hold the wings tightly to its chest, and pull out the parrot c. Grasp the tail near the base of the body with one hand, the wings with the other hand , and pull out the parrot d. Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the towel lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the parrot
d. Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the towel lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the parrot
Oversupplementation of vegetable oils can result in
decrease in absorption in vitamins A, D, E and K (fat soluble vitamins)
over supplementation of veg. oil can result in ?
decrease in absorption of vitamins a,d,e,k
Two areas of concern with an animal that cannot move itself are:
decubital sores and urine scald
Which of the following statements about decubital ulcers is most accurate?
decubital ulcers form over bony prominance
An injury in which skin and varying amounts of ligaments, tendon,mucles, and bone are torn off the underlying tissue of a limb would be described as a(n)
degloving
Which situation would create an elevated PCV?
dehydration
0 - healthy 1 - mild (slightly red no bleeding 2- moderate (red, swollen, bleeding upon probing) 3- severe (red-bule/red, very swollen, active bleeding/ulcers)
describe the different grades of gingivitis
The claws/nails located on the dog's medial aspect of the forelegs and hind limbs are known as:
dewclaws
What is the most frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in adult cattle?
diet
The term radiographic technique generally refers to:
different procedures that radiography technicians use to help diagnose and treat medical conditions
The doctor has administered ocular atropine sulfate, what is the most likely reason he is using his drug?
dilate the pupil
The most preferred site for most SC injections is the:
dorsolateral region from the neck to the hips
In situations in which the veterinary staff is having difficulty stimulating a calf to breathe, ___ can be injected under the animal's _____.
doxapram hydrochloride; tongue
antiemetic
drug used to prevent vomiting
over irrigates the tooth socket so that no clot can form
dry socket is most likely to occur when one
A cat, which has already delivered two kittens, has another kitten stuck in the birth canal. What term is used to describe this condition?
dystocia
Which of the following is a non-weight bearing sling applied to the pelvic limb to protect the hip joint?
ehmer sling
Which type of bandage is used to support the rear limb as part of the treatment for hip luxation?
ehmer sling
Which of the following conditions is also known as "distemper teeth"?
enamel hypoplasia
is relatively non-porous and impervious
enamel which is the hardest body substance
Cerclage wire is used in orthopedic procedures to
encircle bones or bone fragments
Ketosis in dairy cows may result from a primary deficiency or intake or may be secondary to other diseases that cause _______.
energy; anorexia
Nutrition for hospitalized anorexic birds is usually provided:
enterally
Psyllium is a source of
fiber
granulation tissue is made up of new capillaries, ___ and___.
fibroblasts; endothelial cells
A burn in which the skin is red and painful would be classified as
first degree
Drains are generally removed when
fluid production has slowed or ceased
A trematode is commonly referred to as a:
fluke
______ staining is usually required for recognition of a corneal ulcer.
fluorescein
What is the best feeding method for puppies that are growing?
food-restricted meal feeding
Fusobacterium necrophorum is the causative agent of what?
foot rot
gavage
forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach
You are viewing a VD radiograph of the hips in a dog. The dog was not sedated for the x-ray and resisted extension of the left leg. The right femur appears longer than the left femur. What is the term that describes the phenomenon you are noticing?
foreshortening
If a horse has a positive result on a Coggins test, how long must the animal be quarantined?
forever
fourth of gingival sulcus around tooth
free or marginal gingiva
Referred sounds are generally
from the trachea
Yeast are ___ often found on microscopic examination of ear wax?
fungi
Guttural pouch mycosis is caused by a:
fungus
The procedure to remove a foreign object from the stomach is called a:
gastrotomy
____ is a self retraining retractor
gelpi
Possible clinical signs assoc. with FLUTD may include?
hematuria
Which style of surgical mask allows the least amount of air to escape?
hepa
It is difficult to accurately convert the drug dosage used for cats and dogs to lab animal species because the latter have a:
high basal metabolic rate relative to body surface area
A small dog is brought into the clinic by his owner because he is exhibiting ______, a symptom identified as stridor.
high-pitched inspiratory wheezing
The first step in reaching the ultimate diagnosis of the patient's illness is the?
history
Which type of bandage is used to prevent excessive abduction?
hobbles
Enteral fluids are often used to treat large-bowel impaction in:
horses
less than 5 seconds
how long can the polisher be on a tooth
Hypotonic fluids are used to treat:
hypernatremia
What condition is not exacerbated by obesity?
hyperthyroidism
Animals that undergo aerobe activity should be fed immediately after to prevent what..
hypoglycemia
____ is one of the most common causes of seizures in neonatal puppies and kittens.
hypoglycemia
A major cause of death in orphaned animals is:
hypothermia
When ____ neonatal puppies and kittens are tube-fed, the milk replacer may be regurgitated and aspirated resulting in pnemonia, or the stomach contents may ferment, leading to bloat.
hypothermic
What term is applied to an animal needing oxygen supplementation
hypoxic
Which of the following is not usually part of the gathering phase in the nursing practice?
identifying and prioritizing to generate a technician evaluation
Veterinary Technician in the OR are very careful to count all gauze sponges before and after abdominal surgery becasue
if left behind they can cause adhesion and inflammation
How soon after injury is wound healing initiated?
immediately
There is a possibility that a cat with____ is carrying a zoonotic disease: therefore, meticulous hygiene should be practiced when handling a cat with this problem
infected, draining lymph nodes
When listening to lung sounds they will be louder on
inspiration
When performing a laparoscopic procedure, the abdomen must be filled with a gas to cause distention. This process is called
insufflation
This is the route of choice for admin. meds if a rapid onset of action required
intravenous/intrasseous
Which of the below is not a hemostatic forcep?
iris
You are incorporating a cast into a modified Robert Jones bandage, placing it between the elastic gauze layer and outer protective layer. You are careful to avoid folds or wrinkles in the bandage because otherwise:
it can cause pressure necrosis
An advantage of a nasogastric tube over a gastrostomy would include?
it does NOT require general anesthesia to put an NG tube in
The best reason to bathe an animal before it leaves the hospital is:
it gives the animal a sense of well being
The target of an x-ray machine is
made of tungsten
The instrument used in measuring CVP is called a?
manometer
What is the single most common disease syndrome in adult dairy cows?
mastitis
Which of the following are heavy operating scissors used to cut tough tissue?
mayo
Gingival recession should be measured from the level of the gingival margin to the
measuring from the free gingival margin to the level of epithelial attachment
Foals pass _____(black sticky fecal ,material) within a few hours after birth
meconium
I am giving her hairball medicine twice a week.
medications
Cells that line the pleural, peritoneal, and visceral surfaces are:
mesothelial cells
_______ are fine, straight, or curved scissors used for cutting delicate tissue and muscle
metzenbaum scissors
The____ is the most commonly applied distal limb bandage in small animals
modified robert jones
In addition to casts, what type of external fixation is often used in cattle with tibial or radial fractures?
modified thomas splint
____ sutures are considered easier to pass through the tissue because threads resistance.
monofilament
One advantage to using ____________ is that the effects can be reversed by administration of a specific reversal agent.
morphine
What is an antitoxin type of vaccine?
neutralizes the toxins caused by the bacteria
Silk is a multifilament suture that consists of braided or twisted strands. Silk has _____ which makes it near perfect suture handle
no memory
Why is it important to house avian and reptilian patients in separate rooms?
normal gram-negative fecal flora of most reptiles can infect the birds.
Calcium carbonate crystal are often seen in:
normal urine
The most common nutritional disease of pot bellied pigs is:
obesity
The single most important tool needed to successfully manage a medical patient is:
observation
The removal of the claw and its associated third phalanx
onychectomy
The life cycle stage of coccidia that is released into the environment is the
oocyst
When surgical instruments are placed into the ultrasonic cleaner, box locks should be in the ____ position
open
In ruminants, the gland cistern is which of the following?
opening of the gland to the teat
A vomiting patient generally should not receive medication:
orally
What is the name of an infectious viral dermatitis affecting sheep?
orf
You discover that your patient is unable to breathe unless the patient is upright, a sign referred to as:
orthopnea
____ are used to cut bone by pounding on the flat or flattened end of the instrument with a mallet
osteotomes
fomite
otherwise harmless object that is able to harbor pathogenic or infectious agents and serve as an agent of transmission of infection
Generally speaking, which of the following types of catheters is most commonly used for peripheral vein cauterization?
over the needle
The primary goal of blood transfusion is to increase ______-carrying capacity of the blood.
oxygen
What hormone stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown in dogs?
oxytocin
The folds of the hard palate are referred to as:
palatine rugae
For doppler assessment of pulse rate the most commonly used arteries are the:
palmar & plantar arteries
Abdominocentesis performed on the _______ reduces the likelihood of tapping the spleen (in horses) or the rumen (in ruminants).
paramedian site to the right of the midline
___ drains are considered gravity dependent
passive
It is important to measure the foal's immunoglobulin G (IgG) level approximately 12hours after deliver to ensure that
passive transfer of maternal antibodies has occurred.
Which of the following is not a factor when choosing the type of wound closure to use on an injured patient?
past inoculations or vaccinations
Epulide tumor
the most common benign soft tissue tumor of the oral cavity is
Castration, tail docking, and clipping of needle teeth are procedures performed on _______ at 1-2 weeks of age.
pig
Placement of an intravenous catheter in the auricular vein is common practice in which species?
pig
Which newborn animal is prone to iron deficiency in part due to rapid weight gain?
piglet
___ is of the utmost importance when maintaining indwelling urinary catheters?
placing an e-collar aseptic technique &suturing the catheter in so it does not fall out
Dull lung sounds ventrally on auscultation indicate:
pneumothorax.
Which term refers to an animal urinating a larger volume than normal?
polyuria
Which lymph node may be palpated caudal to the stifle?
popliteal
Abdominal palpation of a normal dog or cat will most likely reveal:
primarily intestines slipping between the palpater's fingers
reduces the bacterial load in the mouth to reduce exposure to the technician who performs the procedure
sometimes a point 0.12 % chlorhexidine solution is sprayed in the patient's mouth before beginning Dental prophylaxis what is the benefit of this activity
In which of the following patients is it correct to use a balling gun to administer oral tablets?
steer
Whenever possible animals w/lung problems should be maintained in?
sternal recumbency
Whenever possible, animals with lung problems should be maintained in?
sternal recumbency
What are trimethoprim and ormetoprim?
sulfanomides
Bladder stones are treated with?
surgery and diet
Tx of hip dysplasia can include?
sx repair non-traumatic exercise (swimming) pain-reducing medications
I haven't seen any change in he amount of water she is drinking or the amount of urine in the box
systems review
Increase in heart rate is called
tachycardia
A drug package insert states that the drug is an anticestodal. Against what type of parasite will this drug be effective?
tapeworms (Taenia)
Elastikon, elastic adhesive tape, vet wrap is all bandaging material that would be for which bandaging layer?
tertiary layer
Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is used as a topical anesthetic?
tetracaine
If a surgeon's or surgical assistant's gown or glove comes into contact with a contaminated object
that item should be removed and a sterile replacement obtained
tooth identification system designed to Aid in Dental charting
the Triadan system is a
A decrease in lacrimation and salivation
the anesthetized patient may respond to surgical stimulation if the anesthetic depth is inadequate response to painful stimulus may be indicated by all of the following except
which of the following statements concerning the final phase of wound healing is most accurate?
the final phase of wound healing is wound contraction, which may occur for several years and does eventually regain normal tissue strength
What is colostrum?
the first secretion from the mammary glands after giving birth, rich in antibodies.
the space between two routes where they meet the crown
the furcation is best described as
buccal surfaces of the upper cheek teeth
the heaviest calculus deposition in dogs and cats typically located on the
Probe
the instrument used to measure pocket depth is a periodontal
Which of the following is ideal regarding contact of a mare with her new foal after the birthing process?
the mare her foal should be allowed to remain together as much as possible.
A significant difference in IM injections in small animals compared to large animals is
the needle is first inserted into large animals before the syringe is attached
Who is the true owner of the medical record?
the owner of a vet practice is the true owner of any medical records generated within that practice
When using electrocautery if good contact is not maintained between the surgical patient and the ground plate.
the patient might be burned
4 to 6 months
the permanent canine and premolar teeth in dogs generally erupt at what age
blood vessels nerves and connective tissues
the pulp Canal of the tooth contains
strengthen enamel and help desensitize teeth
the purpose of fluoride treatment is to
smooth out the rough areas in retard plaque formation
the purpose of polishing during a dental prophy is to
The standing part of a rope is:
the slack
operating scissors are classified by multiple features, including all of the following except.
their designation to cut tissue or nontissue
Which statement concerning obtaining body temp is true?
thermometers using an infrared beam focused on the eardrum give accurate (rectal temp) readings?
The endotracheal tube should not be inflated in birds because:
they have complete tracheal rings
A dog has a bloated stomach that needs to be decompressed. Before entering the orogastric tube, you must determine the correct length by measuring from the:
tip of the nose to the 13th rib
A foul odor emanating from any part of a cast indicates?
tissue damage
What is the purpose of a subpalpebral lavage system?
to administer ophthalmic medications
Why are vaccines given?
to prevent the development of specific infectious diseases
use constant irrigation
to prevent the pulp tissue from thermal damage during ultrasonic scaling which of the following should be done
Glaucoma is diagnosed with ___ that measures___
tonometer: the pressure inside the eyeball
Basic wound management in horsed is very similar to that of small companion animals. true or false
true
Bite wounds should always be considered contamination. true or false
true
If the ventricle does not contract you will never hear the lub. true or false
true
Most burns is domestic animals are a result of accidental or deliberate injury from things like barn fires, car muffler, electrical cords or hot liquids. true or false
true
Stall confinement is mandatory after cast application. true or false
true
