W. History Ch 4 Sec 3- Monarchy in England

Oliver Cromwell

(1599-1658) Lord Protector of England; in 1642 he led Parliament's forces in deposing King Charles I; he became ruler of England in 1653.

Charles I

(1600-1649) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649.

Charles II

(1630-1685) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685 and eldest son of King Charles I; he was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell.

Glorious Revolution

(1688) a nonviolent revolution in which leaders of Britain's Parliament invited Mary, daughter of King James II, and her husband, the Dutch ruler William of Orange, to replace King James II

Puritans

English Protestants of the late 1500s and most of the 1600s who wanted to "purify" the Church of England through reforms

William and Mary

King William III (1650-1702) and Queen Mary II (1662-1694), rulers of Great Britain who replaced King James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

constitutional monarchy

a monarchy limited by certain laws

commonwealth

a republican government based on the common good of all the people

Royalists

supporters of government by a monarch; used as a name for supporters of England's King Charles I

Restoration

the period of the reign of Charles II in England when the monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government; there was also a rebirth of English culture during this time