W11

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barbeque vs. grill

(also barbeque American English)[countable];1. (written abbreviation BBQ) a meal or party during which food is cooked on a metal frame over a fire and eaten outdoors:;We had a barbecue on the beach.;2.;a metal frame for cooking food on outdoors; 3. [transitive];to cook food on a metal frame over a fire outdoors:;barbecued chicken; grill: [intransitive and transitive] if you grill something, or if it grills, you cook it by putting it on a flat metal frame with bars across it, above or below strong direct heat SYN barbecue:;Grill the bacon until crisp.;swordfish grilled over charcoal;both are REG.

homie

(also homey) ;■ noun (plural homies) informal, chiefly US a homeboy or homegirl

seal

(also seal up) to close an entrance or a container with something that stops air, water etc from coming in or out of it: The window was sealed shut

soy

(also soy sauce) a sauce made with fermented soya beans, used in Chinese and Japanese cooking. ;

Noun phrase

(article)+(adj)+noun: an exciting boy

trendy

(comparative trendier, superlative trendiest);influenced by the most fashionable styles and ideas:;a trendy Bay Area restaurant;: They made hi hop fashions trendy more than 20 years ago

brute

(n&adj) man who is cruel, violent, and not sensitive

mow somebody ↔ down

(phrasal verb informal) : 1. to kill large numbers of people at the same time, especially by shooting them:;The soldiers were mown down by machine gun fire.;2. to kill someone by driving into them fast:;He was sentenced to two years in prison for mowing down a nine-year old girl.;

SATIRIZE

(satirise BrEn)[T,REG]to use satire to make people see someone's or something's faults:;a play satirizing the fashion industry ;

saint

(written abbreviation St or St.) someone who is given the title 'saint' by the Christian Church after they have died, because they have been very good or holy: Saint Patrick; 2. the patience of a saint a very large amount of patience : You need the patience of a saint for this job; Maryam, the saint

let yourself go

) to relax completely and enjoy yourself:;For goodness sake, Peter, why don't you just let yourself go for once?;b) to stop looking after yourself properly, for example by not caring about your appearance:;Poor Dad. He's really let himself go since Mum died.

When you don't come to a class

*miss* a class

be unhappy because sb. Is not here

*miss* a person

she is tall ... red hair

,with

tagalong

. British English something that is attached to and pulled behind something else:;The tagalong attaches to an adult's bicycle.;2. someone who goes somewhere with someone else:;We were tagalongs on my parents' vacations

riot

. [countable] a situation in which a large crowd of people are behaving in a violent and uncontrolled way, especially when they are protesting about something:;urban riots

cosmetic

. dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something SYN superficial: We're making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it; 2. intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive: the cosmetic industry; cosmetic products;

allergic

. having an allergy;allergic to;I'm allergic to penicillin.;2. caused by an allergy:;an allergic reaction to nuts;an allergic rash;3. be allergic to something informal if you are allergic to something, you do not like it and try to avoid it - used humorously:;Most men are allergic to housework!

I'm going to stay .... Home

...

you can get ... asprin ... a drugstore

..., at

He is in his 20s, early 30s, late 20s, twentish

...; 31-33; 27-29; British: 20s, 13-19: He is in his teens

pronounciation : singer

/siner/

afternoon; evening; night

1-4 PM; 4-7 PM; 7-11 PM

'whistle

1. (USE A WHISTLE) to make a high sound by blowing into a whistle: The referee whistled and the game began. 2. to make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through your lips: Adam whistled happily on his way to work 3. small object that produces a high whistling sound when you blow into it: she is using a whistle~ she is whistling(--> by hand)

mild /maɪld/

1. (WEATHER): fairly warm OPP cold:a mild climate 2. a mild person has a gentle character and does not easily get angry: a mild, well-mannered man

Diff.: 1. I've never been vs. 2. I haven't been yet

1. --> Experience; 2. --> This unfinished time period

dull

1. BORING not interesting or exciting:Life is never dull when Elizabeth is here.; a dull movie;Life is never dull when Elizabeth is here.;a dull movie; 2. WEATHER not bright and with lots of clouds:;Outside the weather was hazy and dull:

let(Grammar)

1. Do not say 'be let to do something', because let has no passive form. Use the active form, or use be allowed: They let me leave. | I was allowed to leave; let's do something: Let's make a start, shall we?; 3. let somebody do something: Let me help you with those bags. Let me give you a piece of advice.

Present perfect applications

1. Experiences: Have you ever played chess? Yes, I have. I've played chess twice. No, I haven't. I've never played chess. OR In fact I played chess as a teenager. OR I usually play chess in my free time. --> Tense of answer depends on you. 2. Unfinished time: Have you visited Anahita temp yet? -Yes, we have. We've already visited it. -We visited it yesterday. No, we haven't. We haven't visited it yet.| Have you been to Esk. prison yet? Yes, we have. We've already been there. We went there in the morning. No we haven't. We haven't been there yet.(There--> area; It--> thing)

او در ملاقات ها لبس رسمي مي پوشئ

1. He dresses formally for his meetings 2. He wears formal cloths for meetings. 1 is better than 2.

six structures for suggest

1. Suggest sth(propose):The zoo asked its visitors to suggest a name for the new baby panda; 2. suggest (that);Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.;I suggest you call him first.;It has been suggested that the manager will resign if any more players are sold; 3. suggest doing something;Tracey suggested meeting for a drink after work 4. suggest how/where/what etc;Can you suggest what kind of tool I should use?;5. can/may I suggest (=used to politely suggest a different idea);May I suggest that you think carefully before rushing into this? Do not say 'suggest (someone) to do something'. Say suggest doing something or suggest that someone (should) do something. 6. suggest somebody/something for something: John Roberts has been suggested for the post of manager

addressing: three comments

1. [( go / walk ) + ( up / down ) + St. to St./ walk to + St. ] ; 2. turn left/right on St. 3. It's on the left / right

strap

1. [C]a narrow band of strong material that is used to fasten, hang, or hold onto something:;a bra strap;The strap of my bag is broken. 2. [always + adverb/preposition] to fasten something or someone in place with one or more straps;strap something on/down etc;He was only ten when he strapped on a guitar for the first time.;soldiers with grenades strapped to their belts;

hammer

1. [C]a tool with a heavy metal part on a long handle, used for hitting nails into wood;[intransitive and transitive,REG] to hit something with a hammer in order to force it into a particular position or shape;hammer something in/into something;Hammer the nails into the back of the frame.;

household

1. [C]all the people who live together in one house SYN house:;A growing number of households have at least one computer.;adjective [only before noun];1. relating to looking after a house and the people in it SYN domestic;household goods/products/items etc;washing powder and other household products;household chores;

graduate

1. [C]someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree graduate of;a graduate of Edinburgh University;university graduates;a history graduate;graduate in;He's a graduate in philosophy.;2. American English someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc:;a high-school graduate;[intransitive] to obtain a degree, especially a first degree, from a college or university;graduate from;Kate graduated from medical school last year.;graduate in;He graduated in physics from Cambridge University.;2. [intransitive] American English to complete your education at high school;graduate fromonly before noun] especially American English relating to or involved in studies done at a university after completing a first degree :a graduate student ;;Jerry graduated from high school last year.;[only before noun] especially American English relating to or involved in studies done at a university after completing a first degree :a graduate student

بي سواد

1. [C]someone who has not learned to read or write ;2. someone who is illiterate has not learned to read or write;2. badly written, in an uneducated way:;It was an illiterate letter, full of mistakes.;3. economically/politically/scientifically etc illiterate knowing very little about economics, politics etc;—illiteracy noun [uncountable];

outline

1. [T,REG] to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details:;The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.;2. [uncountable and countable] the main ideas or facts about something, without the details:;a research proposal outline;outline of;an outline of world history;broad/rough/general outline;a broad outline of the committee's plans;in outline;A debt reduction scheme was agreed in outline (=people agreed on its main points).;

floss, SYN

1. [UC]a type of thin thread that you use for cleaning between your teeth SYN dental floss; 2. to clean between your teeth using floss

1. [countable usually singular];informal someone's former wife, husband, girlfriend, or boyfriend:;I bumped into my ex in town. ;2. ex-: prefix: former and still living:;his ex-wife;an ex-England cricketer ;!: ex+people NOT things: exterm is wrong

tan‧ge‧rine /ˌtændʒəˈriːn/

1. [countable] a small sweet fruit like an orange with a skin that comes off easily; 2. [uncountable] a bright orange colour

salutation

1. [countable] a word or phrase used at the beginning of a letter or speech, such as 'Dear Mr Smith' 2. [uncountable and countable] something you say or do when greeting someone; 3. greeting way using by army people

tan(n)

1. [countable] the attractive brown colour that someone with pale skin gets after they have been in the sun SYN suntan: I wish I could get a tan like that 2. [uncountable] a light yellowish-brown colour

ending

1. [countable] the way that a story, film, activity etc finishes;happy/perfect/surprise etc ending;a story with a happy ending;ending to;Coffee is the perfect ending to a meal.;2. [uncountable] when a process stops or is finished, or when you finish it;ending of;the first elections since the ending of the dictatorship;

toot

1. [countable];a short high sound made by a car horn ;2. [IT,T]if you toot your car horn, or if it toots, it makes a short high sound:;The taxi driver was angrily tooting his horn.;

tan(v)

1. [intransitive and transitive] if you tan, or if the sun tans you, your skin becomes darker because you spend time in the sun: She has a pale skin which doesn't tan easily . [transitive] to make animal skin into leather by treating it with tannin (=a kind of acid)

attend

1. [intransitive and transitive] to go to an event such as a meeting or a class 2. attend to somebody/something. to deal with business or personal matters : may be late - I have got one or two things to attend to

breed

1. [intransitive] if animals breed, they mate in order to have babies:;Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.;2. [transitive] to keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities:;These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.

bow

1. [intransitive] to bend the top part of your body forward in order to show respect for someone important, or as a way of thanking an audience: She bowed and left the stage; bow before/to: He bowed before the king: they bow to each other

poultry

1. [plural] birds such as chickens and ducks that are kept on farms in order to produce eggs and meat;2. [uncountable] meat from birds such as chickens and ducks ;

wax

1. [transitive, REG] to rub a layer of wax into a floor, surface etc to protect it or make it shine;2. [intransitive] when the moon waxes, it seems to get bigger each night OPP wane;3. to increase and decrease over time:;Interest in the show has waxed and waned.;

measure

1. [transitive] to find the size, length, or amount of something, using standard units such as inches, metres etc:;The rainfall was measured over a three-month period.;measure somebody for something (=measure someone in order to make clothes for them);She was being measured for her wedding dress.;measure something in something;We can measure the energy that food provides in calories.;measuring jug/cup/tape (=one used for measuring);2. [transitive] to judge the importance, value, or true nature of something SYN assess:;Doctors say it is too early to measure the effectiveness of the drug.;measure something by something;Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.;

beat

1. [transitive] to hit someone or something many times with your hand, a stick etc:;photographs of rioters beating a policeman;: Hip hop is a type of urban music with a heavy beat 2. [transitive] to get the most points, votes etc in a game, race, or competition SYN defeat:;Brazil were beaten 2-1.;Labour easily beat the Conservatives in the last election.;beat somebody at/in something;I beat him more often at pool than he beats me

associate

1. [transitive] to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another;associate somebody/something with something;I don't associate him with energetic sports.;2. be associated (with somebody/something);a) to be related to a particular subject, activity etc:;problems associated with cancer treatment;b) (also associate yourself with somebody/something) to show that you support someone or something:;He did not associate himself with the pro-democracy movement.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say something comes with or goes with something rather than is associated with it:;▪ There are some problems that go with this way of doing things

fine(v,n)

1. [transitive];to make someone pay money as a punishment;fine somebody for (doing) something;She was fined for speeding.;fine somebody £200/$500 etc;The club was fined £50,000 for financial irregularities.;2. money that you have to pay as a punishment:;a £40 fine;pay a fine/pay £100/$50 etc in fines;She was ordered to pay £150 in parking fines, plus court costs.;Councils will get sweeping powers to impose fines on drivers who park illegally.;heavy/hefty fine (=a large fine);If convicted, the men face heavy fines.;

Hazel

1. [uncountable and countable] a small tree that produces nuts 2. [uncountable] the green-brown colour of some people's eyes

identity

1. [uncountable and countable] someone's identity is their name or who they are:;The identity of the killer is still unknown.;2. [uncountable] the qualities and attitudes that a person or group of people have, that make them different from other people:;Children need continuity, security, and a sense of identity.;Travelling alone can lead to a loss of identity; national/cultural/social etc identity (=a strong feeling of belonging to a particular group, race etc);: Our strong sense of national identity has been shaped by our history

protest(n)

1. [uncountable and countable] something that you do to show publicly that you think that something is wrong and unfair, for example taking part in big public meetings, refusing to work, or refusing to buy a company's products;protest against;Students held a protest march against the war.2. [countable] words or actions that show that you do not want someone to do something or that you dislike something very much. He accepted his punishment without protest. She ignored his protests and walked away.;The programme caused a storm of protest (=a lot of angry protest).;

fraud

1. [uncountable and countable] the crime of deceiving people in order to gain something such as money or goods;tax/insurance/credit card etc fraud;He's been charged with tax fraud.;electoral fraud;She was found guilty of fraud.;2. [countable] someone or something that is not what it is claimed to be:;I felt like a fraud.;The police exposed the letter as a fraud.;

poker

1. [uncountable] a card game that people usually play for money:;Can you play poker?;2.;[countable] a metal stick used to move coal or wood in a fire to make it burn better ;

solace

1. [uncountable] a feeling of emotional comfort at a time of great sadness or disappointment: After the death of her son, Val found solace in the church 2. to bring a feeling of comfort and calmness to someone, when they are sad or disappointed: Mary was a great solace to me after Arthur died

sug‧ar /ˈʃʊɡə $ -ər/

1. [uncountable] a sweet white or brown substance that is obtained from plants and used to make food and drinks sweet: Do you take sugar in your coffee? 2. [countable] British English the amount of sugar that a small spoon can hold: How many sugars do you want in your tea?

surgary

1. [uncountable] medical treatment in which a surgeon cuts open your body to repair or remove something inside ⇒ operation;surgery on;She required surgery on her right knee.;surgery for;He underwent surgery for lung cancer.;in surgery;She was in surgery for two hours Thursday:2. [uncountable] especially American English the place where operations are done in a hospital SYN operating room American English, theatre British English:;Dr. Hanson is in surgery.;do/carry out surgery (also perform surgery formal) A San Antonio doctor has volunteered to perform the surgery at no cost.;

pottery

1. [uncountable] objects made out of baked clay:;Native American pottery;2. [uncountable] clay that has been shaped and baked in order to make pots, dishes etc:;a pottery bowl;

torment

1. [uncountable] severe mental or physical suffering;in torment;She lay awake all night in torment.;2. [countable] someone or something that makes you suffer a lot:;The journey must have been a torment for them; 4. 1. to make someone suffer a lot, especially mentally:;Seth was tormented by feelings of guilt

sight

1. [uncountable] the physical ability to see SYN vision:;Anne's sight is very good for someone of her age 2. [countable];a) something you can see;familiar/common/rare etc sight;Street dentists are a common sight in Pakistan.;b) the sights [plural] famous or interesting places that tourists visit:;In the afternoon, you'll have a chance to relax or see the sights

action

1. [uncountable] the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing: The government must take action (=do something) now to stop the rise in violent crime; 2. something that someone does: Her prompt actions probably saved my life

litter

1. [uncountable] waste paper, cans etc that people have thrown away and left on the ground in a public place SYN rubbish, trash, garbage:;People who drop litter can be fined in some cities.;a town with a litter problem;GRAMMAR;Litter is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it:;▪ Litter spoils the countryside.;2. [transitive] (also litter up) if things litter an area, there are a lot of them in that place, scattered in an untidy way:;Clothes littered the floor.;litter something with something;The desk was littered with papers.;3. be littered with something if something is littered with things, there are a lot of those things in it SYN be full of something:;Recent business news has been littered with stories of companies failing.;

ammonia

1. a clear liquid with a strong bad smell that is used for cleaning or in cleaning products;2. a poisonous gas with a strong bad smell that is used in making many chemicals, fertilizers etc ;

dynasty

1. a family of kings or other rulers whose parents, grandparents etc have ruled the country for many years: The Habsburg dynasty ruled in Austria from 1278 to 1918 2. a period of time when a particular family ruled a country or area

adj. of handshake

1. a firm handshake (=holding and shaking someone's hand firmly) Stan greeted me with a firm handshake 2. a hearty handshake (=friendly and firm) The wedding guests exchanged jokes and hearty handshakes 3. a limp handshake (=weak - used to show disapproval) I don't trust a man with a limp handshake

council

1. a group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions, or to give advice: the council for civil liberties;

hike

1. a long walk in the mountains or countryside:;a hike in the woods;2. [intransitive and transitive] to take a long walk in the mountains or countryside;hike something American English:;His dream is to hike the Appalachian Trail

detective

1. a police officer whose job is to discover information about crimes and catch criminals 2. (also private detective) someone who is paid to discover information about someone or something:;She hired a detective to find out if her husband was having an affair.;

round up

1. a short description of the main parts of the news, on the radio or on television SYN summary;2. when people or animals of a particular type are all brought together, often using force;: a round-up of suspected drug-dealers;the annual cattle round-up;

two ways of expressing that you have sore in a part of your body

1. a sore + part of body(sing.)/ sore+part of body(plu.): a sore leg; sore legs; 2. My+ parts of body+ is/are+ sore: My leg/legs is/are sore

rink, SYN

1. a specially prepared area of ice that you can skate on SYN ice rink; 2. a special area with a smooth surface where you can go around on roller skates SYN skating rink;

thirst

1. a strong desire for knowledge etc:;the thirst for knowledge in Renaissance Italy 2. to want something very much:;young men thirsting for adventure

vest

1. a sweater without sleeves 2. a piece of underwear without sleeves that you wear on the top half of your body SYN undershirt 3. a piece of special clothing without sleeves that you wear over your clothes to protect your body: a bulletproof vest;

acer

1. a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,840 square yards or 4,047 square metres:;They own 200 acres of farmland.;a 200-acre wood;2. acres of space/room British English informal a large amount of space ;

places of adjectives

1. after tobe: am/is/are/was/were; 2. after feel, sound smell, teste, llok, seem; 3. after become, get

hazy

1. air that is hazy is not clear because there is a lot of smoke, dust, or mist in it:;hazy sunshine;2. an idea, memory etc that is hazy is not clear or exact SYN vague:;My memories of the holiday are rather hazy

'handicraft

1. an activity such as sewing or making baskets, in which you use your hands in a skilful way to make things 2. something that someone has made in a skilful way using their hands: a shop selling handicrafts

district

1. an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features;rural/financial/theatre etc district;a house in a pleasant suburban district;2. an area of a country, city etc that has official borders:;a postal district;

adventure

1. an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happen:;a great adventure;Ahab's adventures at sea;an adventure story; 2. willingness to try new things, take risks etc:;Come on - where's your sense of adventure?

honorable(AmEn)honourable)

1. an honourable action or activity deserves respect and admiration:;My father didn't think acting was an honorable profession.;2. behaving in a way that is morally correct and shows you have high moral standards:;a principled and honourable man;3. an honourable arrangement or agreement is fair to everyone who is involved in it

applications: the+comparative+the+comparativ

1. as ... as possible: What time should we leave? The sooner the better( = as soon as possible) ; When you're travelling, the less luggage you have the better. 2. to say that one thing depends on another one: The warmer the weather, the better I feel. The sooner we leave, the sooner we arrive.

worth

1. be worth something;a) to have a value in money:;The house must be worth quite a lot of money now.;One of the pictures is worth £50,000.;Do you know how much the ring is worth?;This art collection is worth a fortune (=worth a very large amount of money).;be worth nothing/not be worth anything;It's a very old machine so I shouldn't think it's worth anything.;b) to have money or possessions that have value:;I've heard that he's worth over $2 million.;The man who founded the company must be worth a fortune.;► Worth is not a verb. Do not say that something 'worths' something.;be worth doing something;It's worth checking the details of the contract before you sign it.;It's well worth getting there early if you want a good seat.;

wintry

1. cold or typical of winter ⇒ summery:;a wintry day;wintry showers;2. a wintry smile or expression is not very friendly ;

come around

1. come over 2. (also come round British English) to change your opinion so that you now agree with someone or are no longer angry with them;come around to;It took him a while to come around to the idea.;Don't worry - she'll come round eventually.;

Two structures for depend

1. depend on ... : I do not know what time I will arrive. It depends on the traffic. 2. You can use depend + when/how/where, etc with or without on: "Are you going to buy it?" "It depends (on) how much it is"

clock: "1:30"

1. digital: It's one thirty 2. analog: it's thrty after(passed) one

fragile

1. easily broken or damaged OPP strong:;Be careful with that vase - it's very fragile.;fragile bones;2. a fragile situation is one that is weak or uncertain, and likely to become worse under pressure OPP strong:;the country's fragile economy;Relations between the two countries are in a fragile state.;the party's fragile unity;

awesome

1. extremely impressive, serious, or difficult so that you feel great respect, worry, or fear: an awesome responsibility. 2. (informal) very good: Their last concert was really awesome.

روزه گرفتن

1. fast [IT,REG]to eat little or no food for a period of time, especially for religious reasons:;Muslims fast during Ramadan.; 2.Fast:noun

frustrated

1. feeling annoyed, upset, and impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something:;He gets frustrated when people don't understand what he's trying to say.;frustrated with/at;She had become increasingly frustrated with her life.;sexually frustrated (=feeling dissatisfied because you do not have any opportunity to have sex);2. a frustrated artist/actor/poet etc someone who wants to develop a particular skill but has not been able to do this

inflammable

1. formal inflammable materials or substances will start to burn very easily SYN flammable OPP nonflammable:;Petrol is highly inflammable.;2. easily becoming angry or violent, or making people angry or violent:;inflammable language ;

two applications of walk

1. he "walks to" work( NOT for exercise); 2. he takes a walk, he goes for walk, he goes walking

mi'grate

1. if birds or animals migrate, they travel regularly from one part of the world to another ( Ms. S.: for people inside the country) 2. if people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work

live on

1. if something lives on, it continues to exist:;Alice's memory will live on.;2. live on something to have a particular amount of money to buy food and other necessary things:;I don't know how they manage to live on £55 a week. His salary is very low. It is not enough to live on.;the number of families who live on benefits;3. live on something to eat a lot of a particular type of food:;They live on bread and potatoes.;He practically lives on fish and chips!;

INSANE

1. informal completely stupid or crazy, often in a way that is dangerous:;That's an insane risk.;Why did you do that? Have you gone insane?;2. someone who is insane is permanently and seriously mentally ill so that they cannot live in normal society:;The killer was declared criminally insane.;the insane people who are mentally ill:;a hospital for the insane;4. drive somebody insane informal to make someone feel more and more annoyed or angry, usually over a long period of time SYN drive somebody mad:;My little brother's been driving me insane all weekend.;

the country, SYN

1. land that is outside towns and cities, including land used for farming SYN the countryside, big village: I've always wanted to live in the country; 2.

[I haven't been to somewhere]

1. negative sentence-->anywhere; 2. NO preposition for some/any where ; --> I haven't been anywhere

be going to applications

1. plan 2. sure that something is happened in the future

Three structure of using "plan"

1. plan to do something: Maria didn't plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident; 2. [T]plan on doing something: When do you plan on going to Geneva? The former president is planning a return to politics 3. plan something ↔ out (phrasal verb) to plan something carefully, considering all the possible problems:I'll get the maps so we can plan out our route

verbs for sports

1. play+game: play hockey 2. go+verbing(& billiard): go bike/horse riding, go wrestling, 3. do+activities: judo, karate , aerobics , youga , treadmill , weight training

poetry

1. poems in general, or the art of writing them: He reads a lot of poetry.;a poetry magazine 2. a quality of beauty, gracefulness, and deep feeling: The way she moves on the court is sheer poetry.;His golf swing is poetry in motion

adj.s for restaurants and hotels

1. price: cheap| expensive| reasonable 2. atmosphere: friendly, fantastic, comfortable, lovely, excellent

suburban

1. related to a suburb, or in a suburb:;a quiet, suburban street;2. boring and typical of people who live in the suburbs:;narrow-minded, suburban attitudes ;;

literary

1. relating to literature:;a literary prize;

intellectual

1. relating to the ability to understand things and think intelligently intellectual development/ability/activity etc;a job that requires considerable intellectual effort;2. an intellectual person is well-educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature etc Mark's very intellectual.;

spirital

1. relating to your spirit rather than to your body or mind:;Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.;spiritual values;2. relating to religion SYN religious:;Islam was inspired by the teachings of the spiritual leader Mohammed.;

6 types of using say

1. say (that): A spokesman said that the company had improved its safety standards; 2. say how/why/who etc;Did she say what happened? 3. say something to somebody;What did you say to her? 4. say hello/goodbye/thank you etc (=say something to greet someone, thank someone etc);She left without saying goodbye; 5. say nothing/anything/something (about something);He looked as if he was going to say something 6. have anything/nothing/something to say;Does anyone else have anything to say?

re'search

1. serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideas: research into the causes of cancer; 2. 2. the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about: It's a good idea to do some research before you buy a house

familiar

1. someone or something that is familiar is well-known to you and easy to recognize: The voice on the phone sounded familiar : The signs of drug addiction are familiar to most doctors. In everyday English, people often say that they know something rather than saying it is familiar : The name of the restaurant was not familiar to me. ➔ I didn't know the name of the restaurant 2. be familiar with something to have a good knowledge or understanding of something : I'm not familiar with her poetry.: a familiar tune

fanatic , SYN

1. someone who has extreme political or religious ideas and is often dangerous SYN extremist:;fanatics who represent a real danger to democracy;a religious fanatic 2. someone who likes a particular thing or activity very much SYN enthusiast:;a health food fanatic;a fitness fanatic;

respectable

1. someone who is respectable behaves in a way that is considered socially acceptable:;hard-working, respectable people;a respectable family;Put a tie on - it'll make you look more respectable.;2. good or satisfactory SYN decent:;a respectable income;Her exam results were respectable enough.;; respect~=disrespect

announcer

1. someone who reads news or information on the television or radio 2. someone who gives information to people using a loudspeaker or microphone, especially at an airport or railway station

PHILOSOPHER

1. someone who studies and develops ideas about the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil etc:;Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek philosophers;2. someone who thinks deeply about the world, life etc

*******

1. someone who you think is stupid and annoying SYN arsehole British English;2. the anus;

critic

1. someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc SYN reviewer: a review by the theatre critic of the 'Sunday Times' . 2. someone who criticizes a person, organization, or idea : Critics of the scheme have said that it will not solve the problem of teenage crime;

buy(n)

1. something that is worth buying, because it is cheap, good quality, or likely to gain in value : The wine is a good buy at $6.50

suspected

1. suspected burglar/terrorist/spy etc someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime:;a suspected child-killer;2. if you have a suspected illness or injury, doctors think that you might have it but do not know for certain:;He was taken to hospital after a suspected heart attack

applications of my,... + own

1. talk about sth that is only mine,... not shared or borrowed: my own hous. 2. say that you do sth yourself instead of sb else doing it for you: He usually cuts his own hair( he cuts it himself. He doesn't go to a barber) ; I can grow my own vegetables( grow them myself instead of buying them in stores)

6 types of using tell

1. tell somebody (that): I wish someone had told me the meeting was canceled;2. tell somebody what/how/where/who etc: Jack had to go, but he didn't tell me why; 3. tell somebody about something: No one had told them about the drug's side effects; 4. tell somebody something: Tell me your phone number again; 5. tell (somebody) a story/joke/secret/lie: She told us some funny stories about her sister; 6. tell somebody straight (=tell someone the truth, even though it might upset them): Tell me straight, Adam. Just answer yes or no; Do not say 'tell that ...'. Say tell someone that ... or say that ...: She told me (NOT She told) that she was a vegetarian. | She said that she was a vegetarian

adj.s for job

1. temporary/permanent The job is only temporary, but I'm hoping it will be made permanent; 2.part-time/full-time He had a part-time job at the pet shop. 3. a steady job (=a job that is likely to continue) I haven't had a steady job since last March. 4. dead-end job (=a job with low wages and no chance of progress) He had a series of dead-end jobs. 5. lubricate job: mony making job

rust

1. the reddish-brown substance that forms on iron or steel when it gets wet ⇒ rusty:;There were large patches of rust on the car.;2. a plant disease that causes reddish-brown spots;II. rust2 verb [intransitive and transitive];to become covered with rust, or to make something become covered in rust:;The metal had begun to rust.;The gate was old and badly rusted.;

believe in somebody/something

1. to be sure that someone or something exists:;Do you believe in God?;2. to think that something is effective or right:;I don't believe in these diets.;believe in doing something;The school believes in letting children learn at their own pace.;~=believe: to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth:;

grow up

1. to develop from being a child to being an adult: What do you want to be when you grow up? I grew up in Chicago.2. grow up! spoken used to tell someone to behave in a more responsible way, like an adult

run away

1. to leave a place, especially secretly, in order to escape from someone or something:Toby ran away from home at the age of 14; 2. to try to avoid dealing with a problem or difficult situation: You can't just run away from your responsibilities 3. 3. to secretly go away with someone in order to marry them or live with them: They ran away together to get married

drop out

1. to no longer do an activity or belong to a group:;The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.;2. to leave a school or university before your course has finished drop out of;Bill dropped out of college after his first year.;

let somebody/something ↔ down

1. to not do something that someone trusts or expects you to do:;She had been let down badly in the past.;The worst feeling is having let our fans down.;2. to make someone or something less successful or effective:;McKenzie's judgement rarely lets him down.;3. to move something or someone to a lower position:;Let down a rope so that I can climb up.;Carefully, she let herself down into the water.;

resign

1. to officially announce that you have decided to leave your job or an organization: She resigned from the government last week; He resigned as Governor of Punjab in August 2. resign yourself to (doing) something : to make yourself accept something that is bad but cannot be changed : Josh resigned himself to the long walk home

implicate

1. to show or suggest that someone is involved in a crime or dishonest act:;The allegations implicated Abe to such an extent he was forced to resign.;implicate somebody in something;Three police officers are implicated in the cover-up.;2. [usually passive] formal if something is implicated in something bad or harmful, it is shown to be its cause;be implicated in something;Viruses are known to be implicated in the development of some cancers. ;

throw off

1. to take off a piece of clothing in a quick careless way:They threw off their clothes and dived in. 2. to get free from something that has been limiting your freedom: In 1845, they finally threw off the yoke of foreign rule

maternal/paternal

1. typical of the way a good mother/father behaves or feels: Annie was wonderfully warm and maternal.;She seems to have a strong maternal instinct 2. [only before noun] relating to a mother/father or to being a mother/father: the relationship between maternal age and infant mortality

repression

1. when someone does not allow themselves to express feelings or desires which they are ashamed of, especially sexual ones - used when you think someone should express these feelings:;sexual repression;repression of;the repression of desire;2. cruel and severe control of a large group of people : brutal repression of members of the Communist party ;;

bland

1. without any excitement, strong opinions, or special character SYN dull:;a few bland comments;2. food that is bland has very little taste SYN tasteless:;a bland diet;

belly

1. your stomach 2. the middle part of an animal's body, near its stomach 3. a curved or rounded part of an object: the belly of a plane

nail

1.[C] a thin pointed piece of metal with a flat top, which you hit into a surface with a hammer, for example to join things together or to hang something on:;The key was hanging on a nail by the door.;hammer/bang/hit a nail into something;She hammered a nail into the wall.;[transitive,REG];2. [always + adverb/preposition] to fasten something to something else with nails;nail something to something;A sign saying 'No Fishing' had been nailed to the tree.;

illusion

1.[C] an idea or opinion that is wrong, especially about yourself : They suffer from the illusion that they cannot solve their problems. She was under no illusion that he loved her. 2. something that seems to be different from the way it really is;: something that seems to be different from the way it really is;

crush

1.[T,REG]to press something so hard that it breaks or is damaged:;His leg was crushed in the accident: 2. [countable] a strong feeling of romantic love for someone, especially one that a young person has for someone older who they do not know well ⇒ infatuation:;She had a huge crush on her geography teacher.;It's just a schoolgirl crush.;

imparative sentences

1: (adressee=you): (don't)+simple verb: (don't) stand up 2. (adressee=we): lets+(not)+simple verb: lets (not) eat

diff.: " I'm hungry" & " I'm getting hungry"

1st: can't wait; 2nd: become: can wait for 2 hourse

I have a ... old niece

4 year

collar

: He loosened his collar and tie

C, UC: experience

:= knowledge/skill: UC: experience of/in/ got a lot of experience of lecturing.;my experience in many areas of the music business;in experience;In his experience, women did not like getting their feet wet and muddy.;; sth that happens:C:childhood experiences;The two children in this story have been through a lot of bad experiences.;Parachuting is quite an experience.

bridegroom

:=groom:a man at the time he gets married, or just after he is married ;;

omelette

:=omelet(AmEn):eggs mixed together and cooked in hot fat, sometimes with other foods added:;a cheese omelette;

let something go

;a) to not punish or criticize someone for something they have done wrong:;OK, I'll let it go this time.;b) to stop worrying or thinking too much about something:;It's time to let the past go.;c) informal to sell something for a particular amount;let something go for £20/$200 etc;I couldn't let it go for less than £300

Some thieves robbed a house-->passive

A house were robbed: You say that someone robs a person or place. Do not say that someone robs an object or an amount of money. Use steal

square chin

A square chin may be taken as a sign of a stubborn character

[A teacher corrects students' mistakes]

A teacher checks students' mistakes

PM and AM

AM: 12 at midnight - 12 at noon; PM: 12 at noon - 12 at mignight

[Although I'm hungry but I'm not going to eat]

Although I'm hungry , I'm not going to eat

take a hike

American English spoken used to tell someone rudely to go away

آپارتمان ها جاي خانه ها را مي گيرند

Apartments will replace houses: Replace sth eith sth else: Credit cards will replace cash in near future

work in shifts

Arash works in shifts: four days 7:00AM-4:00PM, etc, for days off/on

there are tears in sb's eyes

As she watched, there were tears of joy in her eyes

dark complexion(Exa.)

Bright colours may suit you if your complexion is dark

Sunday lunch

British English (=a hot lunch eaten on Sunday) Mum always cooks a chicken for Sunday lunch.;

be in floods of tears

British English (=be crying a lot) By the time she left, she was in floods of tears

pocket money,SYN

British English a small amount of money that parents give regularly to their children, usually every week or month SYN allowance American English:;How much pocket money do you get?;

spotty

British English informal someone who is spotty has small raised red marks on their skin, especially on their face: a tall, thin, spotty youth;

cookery

British English the art or skill of cooking:;a one-year cookery course: French/Italian/Indian etc cookery ; vegetarian cookery; microwave cookery ;cookery book ;cookery demonstration (=when someone shows you how to cook something); cookery course ; cookery programme ;

windscreen

British English the large window at the front of a car, bus etc SYN windshield American English ;

packed lunch

British English, a bag/sack lunch American English (=food such as sandwiches that you take to school etc) Most of the children had brought packed lunches

C or UC: chequ

C or UC: stamp

C/CU: apple

C/CU: carrot

C/CU: mango

C/CU: orange

C/CU: potato

C/CU: strawberry

C/CU: tomato

C/UC: banana

C/UC: egg

C/UC: mountain

food : C OR UC

C & UC

C/UC: lunch

C/UC

break:C OR UC

C: a break, breaks

experience:C,UC

C:about one thing; UC:about different things: old people have alotof experiences

crime:C,UC

C:different kinds: there are alotof crimes in my neighbourhood. UC:rate, frequency

talk about duties

DON'T use must

date: Christmass

December 25th

تابستان گذشته جايي رفتي؟

Did you go anywhere last summer

... a river boot tour

travel, trip journey

Do not use 'a travel' to mean a journey or a trip, for example by saying 'a long/short travel'. Say a long/short journey or a long/short trip.

A:It's expensive. B:

Don't worry. It's my treat

promote

ENCOURAGE to help something to develop or increase:;a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UK;Fertilizer promotes leaf growth.;

Each( grammar)

Each is used before a singular noun. Use a singular verb after it: Each item was thoroughly checked. Even when each comes before 'of' and a plural noun, the verb should be singular: Each of these people has some useful talent or experience. Each is usually used with a singular pronoun or determiner (he, she, it, his, himself etc): Each component can be replaced separately if it breaks. Each child assembles his or her project with help from the teacher. However, you can use 'they', 'them', 'their' etc when you do not want to say whether people are male or female: Each individual has the opportunity to put into practice their newly acquired skills. Do not use each in negative clauses. Use none: None of the answers was correct (NOT Each of the answers was not correct); each, every: It is often correct to use either each or every, but they have slightly different meanings. Use each when you are thinking about the people or things in a group separately, one by one: Each student came forward to receive a medal. Each time you exercise, you get a little stronger. Use every when you are thinking about the whole group of people or things together, with no exceptions: Every student was given a prize. You have to enter your password every time you log on. Do not use each after words such as 'almost', 'nearly', or 'not'. Use every: Almost every window was broken. Not every child enjoyed the party.

infant school

English (=for children aged 5 to 7)

every (Grammar)

Every is used before a singular noun. Use a singular verb after it: Every member wears a uniform; Every is usually used with a singular pronoun or determiner (he, she, it, his, himself etc): Every player did his best; However, you can use 'they', 'them', 'their' etc when you do not want to say whether people are male or female: Every child has their own room

excuse

Excuse me a moment. I'll be right back. [usually passive] to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do;excuse somebody from (doing) something;Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold [usually passive] to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do;excuse somebody from (doing) something;Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold [usually passive] to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do;excuse somebody from (doing) something;Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold;excuse for (doing) something;What's your excuse for being late this time?;I'm tired of listening to his excuses.make up/think up/invent an excuse I made up some excuse about my car breaking down. | We'd better think up an excuse, fast. use something as an excuse She never complained or used her illness as an excuse

pitch

FIELD [countable] British English a marked out area of ground on which a sport is played SYN field;football/cricket/rugby etc pitch;the world-famous Wembley football pitch;He ran the length of the pitch and scored.;on the pitch (=playing a sport);Jack was on the pitch for his school in the Senior Cup Final.;

chase

FOLLOW [intransitive and transitive] to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them:;The dogs saw him running and chased him.;kids chasing around the house;chase somebody along/down/up something etc;The police chased the suspect along Severn Avenue.;chase after;A gang of boys chased after her, calling her names.;

stand

FOR SUPPORT a piece of furniture or equipment used to hold or support something:;a music stand;a cake stand;He adjusted the microphone stand.;

date: Valentine's day

February 14 th

take root

Few places have seen Osama bin Laden's ideology take root as strongly as Yemen.

چهار تا از پنج تا

Four out of five : Nine out of ten students pass the test first time

date: Thankgiving

Fourth Thursday in November

feed

GIVE FOOD [transitive, feed, fed, fed];a) to give food to a person or animal:;Have you fed the cat?;feed yourself;She was too weak to feed herself.;feed something to somebody;Several children were feeding bread to the ducks.;feed somebody on/with something;They were fed well on her mother's home cooking.;

[Mr. Ghalibaf built a lot of BRT lines]

HE HIMSELF?!The city hall built a lot of BRT lines

a hand

HELP a hand help with something - used in the following phrases;need/want a hand;Do you need a hand packing?;give/lend (somebody) a hand;Can you give me a hand to lift this?;If you get stuck, Denise is always willing to lend a hand.;

[He bought perfume]

He bought a bottle of perfume

Who's Sam?/Which one is Liz?

He is the man wearing green jacket./She I the one talking to Sam.

Last week(night,...) he finished his nine

He just turned 10

[He likes to watch soccer on the TV]

He likes to watch soccer on TV

[He did a mistake]

He made a mistake

the usual excuse/the same old excuse

He made the usual excuses for not coming. | Whenever the trains are late, it's always the same old excuse

[He's been to abroad]

He's been abroad

تا کي بيدار موندي

How late did you stay up?

چه مدت تهران زندگي کرده اي؟ + جواب

How long have you lived in Tehran? I've lived in Tehran for 2 years/since 1387.

ask about sb's weight

How much do you weigh?How heavy are you?

How do you feel?

I (don't) feel fine/good/ great/ fantastic/ terrific/ excellent/ bad/ sick/ awful/ terrible/ miserable

دارم سرما مي خورم

I am going to have a cold

[I ate Kebabb there]

I ate Kebabbs there

عمو شدم

I became an uncle

look for an excuse

I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing him

used to tell someone that you will try to do what they want, but may not be able to

I can't promise (anything) spoken: I'll try my best to get tickets, but I can't promise anything.;

از اون مراقبت نکردم

I didn't care for him=I didn't take care of him.

I have to wear glasses. I wish...

I didn't have to.

[I do a lot of works at home]

I do a lot of work at home

say "NO" to sb politely

I don't think so

[I go by my car]

I drive to work

خوابم برد

I felt into sleep

راهم(سرنوشت) را پيدا کردم

I found my way

I go there by car

I go there *in* my car

هر سه روز يکبار سر کار مي روم

I go to work every three days

[I surperised]

I got surperised

what's the matter/ wrong; how are you= how do you feel?

I have a headache/ I feel homesick, better, well

همه کارهام توي چمدانم همراهم است

I have all my work here in my briefcase

لهجه دارم

I have an accent

[ I have a bad sore eyes]

I have bad sore eyes

اشک در چشم حلقه زدن

I have tears in my eyes

[I just watch them on the TV]

I just watch them on TV

answer to question " what sports do you like/watch on TV? "

I like + game/verbing/activity WITHOUT play , do, go: I like/watch soccer;swimming; aerobics -/on TV

[I like a cat]

I like cats: after like, always plu. Noun

I lik music/I like to listen to music

I like it/ I like to do

[I listen to the music]

I listen to music

[I bandage your hand]

I place a bandage over your hand

ترجيح مي دم او بزرگتر باشه

I prefer she is older than me= I prefer/like her to be older than me

used to emphasize a promise, warning, or statement:

I promise you spoken: I promise you, it does work!;

I get paid for my job

I recieve my salary

[I thank from my mother]

I thank my mother

اول دو سال کلاس انگليسي رفتم

I tookEnglish classes for two years first

[I travelled to Shiraz]

I travelled Shiraz; I took a journey

[I try to improve my healthy by exercising]

I try to improve my health by exercising

[usually, I eat fish]

I usually eat fish

[I accepted at university]

I was accepted at university

شوخي کردم. ناراحت نشويد. -اشکالي ندارد

I was jokking. No offence. - None taken

[I shocked]

I was shocked (passive)

[I watch soccer on sundays' afternoon]

I watch soccer on sunday afternoons

I wentshopping/ did the shopping yesterday

I went to a store or stores to buy sth/I bought household goods and other things

difference between " at a conference" and " In a conference"

I'm at a conference:= I'm here for the conference. I'll go to the conference tomorrow. I'm in a conference:= I'm in a conference right now.

That's good/bad...

I'm glad/sorry to hear that

مخواهم ايران را براي هميشه ترک کنم

I'm going to abandon Iran

22 سپتامبر 27 سالم ميشه

I'm going to be 27 on September twenty second

[I'm going to graduate from the university]

I'm going to finish my university

[I'm going to register to a club]

I'm going to join a club

مي خواهم نماز بخوانم

I'm going to say my prayers

Answer to the question "what are your plans for ...

I'm going to...

[ I'm listening to the music]

I'm listening to music; I'm listening to a piece of music

افتخار کردن به خانواده

I'm proud of my family

[I've never lost my weight]

I've never lost (some,...) weight

{dress}

In everyday English, people usually say get dressed rather than dress:;▪ I got dressed and went downstairs for breakfast.;

[Iran is very old]

Iran is very traditional

[houses of Iran]

Irannian houses; Irannian historical places

... his family from the U.S.?

به شما مياد

It goes on you/your face,...

عادتم شد

It has become a habit

[It has been two years since I,ve been graduated]

It is OK but it is too formal-->I graduated two years ago

[All things remind me of her]

It is persian: Everything reminds me of her

[it has a bad smell]

It smells bad

It's exactly 2:00 o'clock

It's 2:00 sharp

4 afternoon

It's 4 PM or It's 4 (O'cliock) in the afternoon; 4 O'clock PM is WRONG

[My knee is broken]

It's OK but they don't say that: my knee is broken

[It's behind of room]

It's behind room/It's in the back of room

[ I like to go somewhere that is spacious]

It's correct but "that is" isn't necessary--> I like to go somewhere spacious

[It's near to Tehran]

It's near Tehran/ It's close to Tehran

It doesn't make a difference

It's not important for me

here is the problem. ... ... ... blue jeans

It's these

suit(n)

Jacket+ trousers or skirt in the same color

date: new year's day

January 1st

date: Independence day

July 4th

[Koreans]

Korean people

get off

LEAVE to leave a place, or to help someone to leave a place:;We'll try and get off straight after lunch.;get off something;Get off my land!;get somebody off;I'll phone you as soon as I've got the children off to school.;2. FINISH WORK get off (something) to finish work and leave the place where you work at the end of the day:;I usually get off at six o'clock.;What time do you get off work?;I leave work/get off work around 7:00 p.m. and get home by 8:00 p.m.

بزمجه

Lizard

professional occupations

Millions of elderly people live in poverty.

men/women: in a good shape

Mostly for men

قاطر

Mule : animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents

A topic sentence about best friend

My best friend the best guide for my life.

two ways of exprssing a date

My birthday is on September-21 1984 OR My birthday is on *the* twenty first of September(On the DAY of MONTH)

[I & my brother]

My brother & I

My paternal/maternal grandfather

My father's/mother's father

Topic sentence: My least favorite place as a child was Chitgar park, because it was crowded

My least favorite place as a child was Chitgar park.(DON'T use because at the first of a sentence)The reason is that it was crowded

[I've lived in Tehran since two years ago]

NEVER use since and ago together: I've lived in Tehran since 1387

'casual

NOT FORMAL not formal or not for a formal situation OPP formal:;Jean felt more comfortable in casual clothes.;a casual jacket;2. RELATIONSHIP knowing someone or having sex with someone without wanting a close relationship with them OPP serious:;She will never be more than a casual acquaintance.;They had been conducting a casual affair for years.;John just wanted casual sex

steady

NOT MOVING firmly held in a particular position and not moving or shaking ⇒ stable;hold/keep something steady;Keep the camera steady while you take a picture.;It takes a steady hand to perform surgery.;

Talk about necessity-suggestion

Necessity: must, have to, need to. Suggestion: should, ought to, had better; Must is related to rules: You must get a visa; You have to take some money; You need to get a ticket; You must not be late(rule); You don't have to bring a dictionary: It's not necessary. You don't need to bring a pencil It's not necessary(Different from must not); Most times must, have to and need to are interchangable. But in negetive form, they have different meanings. You should take your shaver. You shouldn't go out late at night. You ought to have a map. You ought not to have a map. You had better (not) go there. ALL of the

جاي پارک نيست

No car park; no car place

date: Hallowen

October 31st

زيتون

Olive

tears run/roll/stream down sb's face

Oliver laughed until tears ran down his face

other

One man was arrested, but the other one got away; Do not use other after 'an'. Use another:;▪ There must be another way of doing it.;Do not add 's' to other when using it before a plural noun:;▪ children from other countries (NOT others countries) ;

outdoor vs. outdoors

Outdoor is an adjective and outdoors is an adverb:;▪ They could play outdoors (NOT outdoor) all year round.;▪ an outdoor (NOT outdoors) swimming pool ;;; preposition: in outdoors

plot

PLAN a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal;plot to do something;a plot to bomb the UN headquarters;plot against;a plot against the king;The court heard how she and her lover hatched a plot (=planned a plot) to kill her husband.;The plot to overthrow the military government was foiled (=prevented from being successful).;

permisson {Grammar}

Permission is an uncountable noun. It is not used with 'a', and is not usually used with 'the' unless it is followed by 'of':▪ Permission was granted to televise the ceremony. ▪ Interviews can be taped only with the permission of the interviewee

structure: too, so

Positive sentences: Sub+Aux+too; So+Aux+Sub: Mexico is polluted. Tehran is too OR so is Tehran

Forms of commit

Regular

رنسانس: دوره تجدد فرهنگي و ادبي

Renaissance

Sam is the boy; He is wearing glasses

Sam is the boy wearing glasses=Sam is the boy who is wearing glasses

weekend

Saturday and Sunday, especially considered as time when you do not work. last/next weekend (=the weekend before or after this one). at the weekend British English on the weekend American English: I never work at the weekend. What are you doing on the weekend? at weekends British English on weekends American English: Tony has been unwell over the weekend (=during the weekend). We're going to Paris for a long weekend (=Saturday and Sunday, and also Friday or Monday, or both).;; a holiday weekend (=a weekend that has days before or after it which are holidays) The roads were jammed on the Friday before the holiday weekend

جوري رفتار مي کرد که انگار هيچ اتفاقي نيفتاده

She carried on as if nothing had happened

[She did a crime]

She committed a crime]

She doesn't come here

She couldn't make it

believe/accept an excuse

She didn't believe his excuse for one minute.

She died

She passed away (this is very better)

Who are the ...? They're ... next to the window./Which ... are ...? They are the ... ... the couch

Smiths. the people. Ones. Smiths. The ones. On

saint vs. street in abbreviation

St. Patric; Patric St.(street)

sentence structure with be

Sub+tobe+adj+noun+place+time

GRAMMAR at, in, on

Talking about time;Use at;- with clock times:;▪ at one o'clock;▪ at 6.30;- with points of time in the day:;▪ at midnight;▪ at noon;▪ at dawn;▪ at sunset;- with holiday periods, meaning the few days around the holiday:;▪ at Easter;▪ at Diwali;- with weekend, in British English:;▪ See you at the weekend!;▪ At weekends we go out.;Use in;- with parts of the day:;▪ in the morning;▪ in the evening;▪ I never watch TV in the daytime.;- with months, seasons, years, and centuries:;▪ in May;▪ in the summer;▪ in 2004;▪ in the 21st century;Use on;- with dates and specific days:;▪ on 29th July;▪ on Tuesday afternoons;▪ on the last day of term;- with weekend, in American English:;▪ We sometimes go there on weekends.;Talking about position and place;Use at;- with particular positions or places:;▪ at the end of the corridor;▪ at the back of the room;▪ at the corner of the street;- to mean 'next to' or 'beside':;▪ She sat at her desk.;▪ He stopped me at the door.;- with words for buildings, for example airport, university, restaurant, art gallery:;▪ at the airport;▪ at the Lyceum theatre;- with city or place names, when you are talking about stopping during a journey:;▪ Does this train stop at Watford?;► BUT otherwise use in - see below;Use in;- with a position or place, when something or someone is inside a larger thing such as a room:;▪ in the bath;▪ in the kitchen;▪ in the garden;▪ in the doorway;- with cities, counties, states, and countries:;▪ When will you arrive in Tokyo?;▪ He lives in Germany.;▪ She's working in California.;- with the names of squares, plazas etc:;▪ in Times Square;Use on;- with a position or place, when one thing is attached to or touching another:;▪ a spot on the end of her nose;▪ He hung his jacket on the back of a chair.;You can use either in or on with street names in British English. In American English, use on:;▪ in Oxford Street;▪ on the High Street;▪ on 42nd Street;▪ on Broadway

... a record

Teachers keep a record of students' progress.;

That is fine

That sounds/seems/looks fine

[The atmosphere in Bozorgmehr is not as friendly as in Sodoghon]

The atmosphere in Bozorgmehr is not as friendly as the atmosphere in Sodoghon

[The food is made of potatos]

The food is made with potatos: made of is used for material

[The make\let them not to like it]

The make\let them not like it

پرستار به کودک دستکش پوشاند تا انگشت هايش را نخورد

The nurse put gloves on his fingers not to eat his fingers

[There is a bed&a lamp]

There are a bed&a lamp

[There is the pen]

There is a pen

There is/are for several things

There is a pen and a pencil. There are two pencils and a pen: first noun determine if we shoud use there is or there are. [There is a pen and two pencils]--> separate them

[There wasn't any greeting]

There weren't any greetings

In these days I went to my hometown

These days, I've been at home

[They can do their work very well]

They can do their jobs very well(Use work as a noun only when you mean earning money by your job. Job is more general: sth you do to earn money OR sth you must do or responsible for doing:DUTY)

[I lost the bus]

They don,t say that-->I missed the bus OR I didn't catch the bus

[They should gain a better situation]

They should have/reach(NO to after reach) a better situation

اين رنگ مرا آرام مي کند

This color makes me feel relaxed

اين اتفاق دير يا زود مي افتاد

This was bound to happen sooner or later

hear, hear about, hear of

To hear' (to be told): have you heard the news? Have you heard that there's going to be a new show on TV?;'To hear about' (to find out a piece of information): I've never heard about that village before; did you hear about the new project?;'To hear of' (to be informed about, to be familiar with, to learn of): he's never heard of Oscar Wilde (doesn't know who Oscar Wilde was); has anyone heard of the new virus?

[Trees are alive]

Trees are fresh

C/UC: beef: the meat from a cow

C/UC: behaviour

C/UC: bread

C/UC: broccoli

C/UC: butter

C/UC: candy: اب نبات

C/UC: cereal: a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk: a bowl of breakfast cereal

C/UC: cheese

C/UC: chicken

C/UC: cream

C/UC: dairy: milk, butter, cheese etc

C/UC: exercise

C/UC: fat

C/UC: fish

C/UC: fruit

C/UC: lettuce کاهو

C/UC: meat

C/UC: milk

C/UC: oil

C/UC: other protein

C/UC: rice

C/UC: sugar

C/UC: yogurt

news is C or UC

C/UC: pasta

UC: an Italian food made from flour, eggs, and water and cut into various shapes, usually eaten with a sauce: eat a lot of pasta

exercise (health) [C/UC]

UC: walking is good exercise

later vs. next

Use later when you're talking about past. For example you're talking about two weeks ago and sth happened one week ago. For that thing you have to say one week later. But if you're talking about two weeks after the present time, you should say in two weeks OR in the next two weeks

[Vakil,s bathroom]

Vakil bathroom

dump(n)

WASTE a place where unwanted waste is taken and left;rubbish dump British English garbage dump American English:;The fire probably started in a rubbish dump

[We have to go sooner]

We have to go earlier. Soon=uickly; in a short time from now, or a short time after something else happens:;It will be dark soon.;David arrived sooner than I expected.;

job that traditionally is done by men or women

We need an effective strategy to fight poverty.

هرچي بشه ما دوست مي مونيم

We'll still be friends, whatever happens

[What city were they born]

What city were they born in?

Ask about someone's personality and appearance

What does your father look like?(appearance + personality; Mostly appearance+cloth+glasses); What is your father like?-->personality

بهترين فعاليتي که در اوقات فراغت انجام مي دهي چيست

What is your most favorite activity that you do n your free time

[What's your favorite music]

What's your favorite kind of music

guff up

When a situation or event is made into a big mistake, often resulting in serious consequences and could be considered a disaster

آخرين بار کي رفتي اونجا

When did you last go there?

Grammar: wish

When talking about things that you would like to happen or be true, use wish and the past tense, or wish and would or could : I wish I lived in New York. I wish they would explain things better. In British English, you can either say 'I wish I was' or 'I wish I were', which is rather formal. In American English, you should use were : I wish I were ten years younger . When talking about things that you would like to have happened, use wish and the past perfect tense : I wish I had paid more attention in class.

در خانه شما چه کسي ظرف ها را مي شويد؟

Who "does" the dishes in your house?(subjective who--> always does/is)

از کي بپرسم

Who shoul I ask?

Has she ridden in a streetcar?

Yes, She's ridden in several/one; No, she hasn't ridden in one.

keep sb on the hook

You ask sb or request them sth and they don't answer

[You can make friends more]

You can make more friends

self study e.g.

You can use the Net to self study

utterly

[+ adjective/adverb];completely - used especially to emphasize that something is very bad, or that a feeling is very strong:;You look utterly miserable.;

gum

[C usually plu.]two areas of firm pink flesh at the top and bottom of your mouth, in which your teeth are fixed

panorama

[C usually singular]1. an impressive view of a wide area of land;panorama of;The tower offers a panorama of the city.;a breathtaking panorama of mountains;2. a description or series of pictures that shows all the features of a subject, historical period etc;panorama of;a panorama of life in England 400 years ago;—panoramic :adjective:;a panoramic view of the valley ;

'sunscreen

[C&UC]a cream or oil that you rub into your skin to stop the sun from burning you

talent

[C, UC]natural and sometimes leared abilities: She showed a talent for acting at an early age

honor

[C,UC,honor:BrEn]SOMETHING THAT MAKES YOU PROUD [singular] something that makes you feel very proud:;Over 100 players competed for the honour of representing the county in the National Finals.;it is an honour to do something;It is an honor to have you here, sir.;

ادويه

[C/UC] spice: a type of powder or seed, taken from plants, that you put into food you are cooking to give it a special taste ; herbs and spices;

lucky break

[C[ sth that saves or helps you in a difficult or bad situation: The exam was postponed. It was my lucky break.

ticket

[C] a printed note ordering you to pay money because you have done something illegal while driving or parking your car: the policeman is writing fine ticket

slo‧gan /ˈsləʊɡən $ ˈsloʊ-/

[C] a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used in advertisements, or by politicians, organizations etc

wood

[C] a small forest

beard

[C] hair that grows around a man's chin and cheeks

moustache

[C] hair that grows on a man's upper lip

volunteer

[C] someone who does a job willingly without being paid : Most of the relief work was done by volunteers

tutor

[C] someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group, and is paid directly by them:;The children were educated at home by a succession of tutors.;

hit(n)

[C] something such as a film, play, song etc that is very popular and successful;a hit single/show/record etc;the hit musical 'Phantom of the Opera';a big/smash/number 1 etc hit;the Beatles' greatest hits;

chore

[C] something you have to do that is very boring and unpleasant:;I find driving a real chore.;

corpus

[C] technical a large collection of written or spoken language, that is used for studying the language:;a corpus of spoken English;plural corpuses or corpora

mansion

[C] very large house:;a beautiful country mansion;

' dresser, SYN

[C], a piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes, sometimes with a mirror on top SYN chest of drawers

goof

[C]1. (also goof up) a silly mistake:;The goof could cost the city $5 million.;2. (also goofball) someone who is silly ;;3. [IT,T,REG](also goof up)to make a silly mistake:;Somebody goofed and entered the wrong amount.;The restaurant totally goofed up our reservations.;

knight

[C]1. a man with a high rank in the past who was trained to fight while riding a horse:;knights in armour ⇒ white knight;2. a man who has received a knighthood and has the title 'sir' before his name;

snail

[C]1. a small soft creature that moves very slowly and has a hard shell on its back;2. at a snail's pace extremely slowly:;Traffic was moving at a snail's pace. ;

demonstration

[C]1. an event at which a large group of people meet to protest or to support something in public: Supporters staged a demonstration outside the US embassy.;Police opened fire on a peaceful demonstration. demonstration against;a demonstration against the government's educational policies;. 2. an act of explaining and showing how to do something or how something works;demonstration of;He gave a practical demonstration of the boat's military potential.;a cookery demonstration 3. formal an action that proves that someone or something has a particular ability, quality, or feeling;demonstration of;The high level of calls is a clear demonstration of the need for this service.;a physical demonstration of affection

sibling

[C]1. formal a brother or sister:;Most young smokers are influenced by their friends' and older siblings' smoking habits.;2. sibling rivalry competition between brothers and sisters for their parents' attention or love ;

ass

[C]1. not polite a stupid annoying person SYN fool:;He's a pompous ass.;2.the part of your body that you sit on;3. old use a donkey;

discount

[C]10% discount/discount of 25% etc: a reduction in the usual price of something : Members get a 15% discount.; at a discount : Employees can buy books at a discount

فندق

[C]: hazelnut

embassy

[C]SYN ambassador : [C]a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign country, or the building they work in:the American Embassy in Paris ;;

sarcasm

[C][uncountable] when you use words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing;trace/hint/touch of irony;Wagner calls his program 'the worst talk show in America,' without a hint of irony.;heavy irony British English (=a lot of irony);'Of course Michael won't be late; you know how punctual he always is,' she said with heavy irony: a voice full of sarcasm;<I know you're not happy, but there's no need to resort to petty sarcasms to make your point.>I think he's laying on the sarcasm

younggester

[C]a child or young person;

receptacle

[C]a container for putting things in:;a trash receptacle ; please dispose of unwanted items in the receptacle provided\

vase

[C]a container used to put flowers in or for decoration

ally

[C]a country that agrees to help or support another country in a war:;a meeting of the European allies;

hook

[C]a curved piece of metal or plastic that you use for hanging things on:Tom hung his coat on the hook behind the door.;

patio

[C]a flat hard area near a house, where people sit outside;

shopping mall

[C]a group of shops together in one large covered building: I'm going to go to a shopping mall

beverage

[C]a hot or cold drink:;alcoholic beverages;the Food and Beverage Manager;

duvet /ˈduːveɪ,SYN

[C]a large cloth bag filled with feathers or similar material that you use to cover yourself in bed SYN comforter

sweatshirt

[C]a loose warm piece of clothing which covers the top part of your body and arms and is worn especially for sport or relaxation

ancestor

[C]a member of your family who lived a long time ago: My ancestors were French

puppet

[C]a model of a person or animal that you move by pulling wires or strings, or by putting your hand inside it: a 20-minute puppet show 2. a person or organization that allows other people to control them and make their decisions: The government is in danger of becoming a mere puppet of the military

gerund

[C]a noun in the form of the present participle of a verb, for example 'shopping' in the sentence 'I like shopping'; ! All verb+ing words aren't gerunds. Gerund takes place as a noun: I'm playing soccer-->playing is NOT a gerund but I like playing soccer: playing is a GERUND

croissant

[C]a piece of bread, shaped in a curve and usually eaten for breakfast ;;

band aid, SYN

[C]a piece of thin material that is stuck to the skin to cover cuts and other small wounds SYN plaster

bra

[C]a piece of underwear that a woman wears to support her breasts ;

video archer

[C]a public place where there are a lot of video games that you play by putting money in the machines

boo-boo

[C]a silly mistake:;I made a bit of a boo-boo asking her about David! ;

shrub

[C]a small bush with several woody stems

can‧dle /ˈkændl/

[C]a stick of wax with a string through the middle, which you burn to give light

flea

[C]a very small insect without wings that jumps and bites animals and people to eat their blood:;Are you sure the dog has fleas?;

بادام

[C]almond

toy

[C]an object for children to play with:;some toys for the baby; toy car/soldier/gun etc;

bucket

[C]an open container with a handle, used for carrying and holding things, especially liquids SYN pail;

lad

[C]old-fashioned informal a boy or young man

participle

[C]one of the forms of a verb that are used to make tenses. In English, present participles end in -ing and past participles usually end in -ed or -en

refugee

[C]someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially during a war, or for political or religious reasons:;Refugees were streaming across the border.;refugee camps ;

applicant

[C]someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place etc applicant for;He was one of 30 applicants for the manager's job.;successful/unsuccessful applicant Applicants for job must be able to speak two foreign language

coward

[C]someone who is not at all brave:;Try it. Don't be such a coward.;—cowardly adjective:;a cowardly attack on a defenceless man

participant

[C]someone who is taking part in an activity or event;participant in;an active participant in the negotiations ;;Marriage, when it works, affords its participants some unique benefits

tenant

[C]someone who lives in a house, room etc and pays rent to the person who owns it : The desk was left by the previous tenant.

mastermind

[C]someone who plans and organizes a complicated operation, especially a criminal operation:;a criminal mastermind;mastermind of/behind;He is suspected of being the mastermind behind the bombings.;

entertainer

[C]someone whose job is to tell jokes, sing etc in order to entertain people: street entertainers

anus

[C]the hole in your bottom through which solid waste leaves your body

forehead

[C]the part of your face above your eyes and below your hair ;;

squad

[C]the police department responsible for dealing with a particular kind of crime;drugs/fraud/vice etc squad;A controlled explosion was carried out by bomb squad officers.;

مسواک

[C]toothbrush

گردو

[C]walnuts

rat

[IT, REG]if someone rats on you, they tell someone in authority about something wrong that you have done SYN grass on;rat on;They'll kill you if they find out you've ratted on them!;

approve

[IT,REG][intransitive] to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable OPP disapprove;approve of;Catherine's parents now approve of her marriage.;I don't approve of cosmetic surgery.;

trespass

[IT,REG]to go onto someone's private land without their permission;trespass on;She was arrested for trespassing on government property.;; noun: trespassers; trespassers will be prosecuted

dilly dally

[IT,REG]to waste time, because you cannot decide about something:;Don't dilly-dally, just get on with it! ;

bite

[IT,T, bite, bit, bitten]INSECT/SNAKE [intransitive and transitive] to injure someone by making a hole in their skin . I think I've been bitten.;The dog's been badly bitten by fleas.;

bake

[IT,T,REG] to cook something using dry heat, in an oven:;I'm baking some bread.;baked potatoes;Bake at 250 degrees for 20 minutes.;

marinate

[IT,T,REG](also marinade) to put meat or fish in a marinade, or to be left in a marinade for some time;marinate (something) in something;fish marinated in olive oil, garlic and vinegar ;

scatter

[IT,T,REG]1. if someone scatters a lot of things, or if they scatter, they are thrown or dropped over a wide area in an irregular way;scatter (something) over/around/across etc something;Scatter the onions over the fish.;The flowers fell and scattered on the ground.;2. if a group of people or animals scatter, or if something scatters them, they move quickly in different directions:;The sound of gunfire made the crowd scatter in all directions.;

fermant

[IT,T,REG]if fruit, beer, wine etc ferments, or if it is fermented, the sugar in it changes to alcohol:;fermented fruit juice;

repent

[IT,T,REG]to be sorry for something and wish you had not done it - used especially when considering your actions in a religious way;repent of;He repented of his sins before he died

inhale

[IT,T,REG]to breathe in air, smoke, or gas OPP exhale:;It is dangerous to inhale ammonia fumes.;Myra lit another cigarette and inhaled deeply (=breathed in a lot of smoke).;—inhalation[UC]

roast

[IT,T,REG]to cook something, such as meat, in an oven or over a fire, or to cook in this way

slurp

[IT,T,REG]to drink a liquid while making a noisy sucking sound;slurp noun [countable usually singular] ;

forive

[IT,T,forgive, forgave, forgiven]forgive somebody for (doing) something;I've tried to forgive him for what he said.;He never forgave her for walking out on him.;forgive myself/yourself etc;If anything happened to the kids I'd never forgive myself.;

dust(v)

[IT,T] to clean the dust from a surface by moving something such as a soft cloth across it: Rachel dusted the books and the bookshelves

fight

[IT,T] to take part in a war or battle:the families of those who fought in the war

behave,SYN

[IT] to do things that are good, bad, sensible etc SYN act: She behaved in a very responsible way. I think he behaved disgracefully towards you. Oh, be quiet! You're behaving like a two-year-old

fart

[IT]to make air come out of your bowels SYN break wind, cut the cheese;fart about/around phrasal verb informal;to waste time not doing very much:;Stop farting around and get on with your work!;II. fart2 noun;1. [countable] not polite an act of making air come out of your bowels;

folk

[Plu]=folks:people

bangs,SYN

[Plu]hair cut straight across your forehead SYN fringe[C]:a tall girl with straight brown hair and a fringe

drizzle

[REG] it is drizzling if it is drizzling, light rain and mist come out of the sky:;The rain isn't too bad - it's only drizzling

recruit

[REG]1. [intransitive and transitive] to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc:;We're having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff.;Many government officials were recruited from private industry.;2. [intransitive and transitive] to get people to join the army, navy etc

affection

[Sing. & UC]a feeling of liking or love and caring SYN fondness;affection for;Bart had a deep affection for the old man.;She looked back on those days with affection

heal

[T,IT]if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows back together and becomes healthy again: It took three months for my arm to heal properly

threaten

[T,REG] [transitive] to say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not do what you want:;Postal workers are threatening a strike if they don't receive a pay increase.;threaten to do something;He threatened to take them to court.;threaten somebody with something;Doctors are sometimes threatened with violence if they don't do what patients want.;

chop

[T,REG](also chop up) to cut something into smaller pieces:;He went outside to chop some more wood for the fire.;Can you chop up some carrots for me?;Add two finely chopped onions and a clove of garlic.;

sprinkle

[T,REG]1. [transitive] to scatter small drops of liquid or small pieces of something;sprinkle something with something;Sprinkle the top with cheese.;sprinkle something on/over something;I sprinkled cocoa over my latte.;

inspire

[T,REG]1. to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something:;We need someone who can inspire the team.;inspire somebody to do something;He inspired many young people to take up the sport.;inspire somebody to something;I hope this success will inspire you to greater efforts.;Inspired by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.;

exhaust(v)

[T,REG]1. to make someone feel extremely tired:;A full day's teaching exhausts me.;exhaust yourself;He'd exhausted himself carrying all the boxes upstairs.;2. to use all of something SYN use up:;We are in danger of exhausting the world's oil supply.;Having exhausted all other possibilities, I asked Jan to look after the baby.;

impoverish

[T,REG]1. to make someone very poor:;Falling coffee prices have impoverished many Third World economies.;families impoverished by debt;2. to make something worse in quality:;Fast-growing trees remove nutrients and impoverish the soil.;—impoverished adjective:;an impoverished student;—impoverishment noun [uncountable]:;spiritual impoverishment ;

avoid

[T,REG]1. to prevent something bad from happening:;Road safety is taught to young children to avoid road accidents.;It is important to take measures to avoid the risk of fire.;avoid doing something;The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.;Alan narrowly avoided an accident.;2. to stay away from someone or something, or not use something:;Everyone seemed to be avoiding Nick.;She carefully avoided his eyes (=did not look directly at his face).;Pregnant women should avoid certain foods such as raw eggs.;Why did you speak to him? You usually avoid him like the plague (=try hard to avoid him).;3. to deliberately not do something, especially something wrong, dangerous, or harmful:;There are ways of legally avoiding taxes.;avoid doing something;You should avoid over-spending in the first half of the year.;

defraud

[T,REG];to trick a person or organization in order to get money from them;defraud somebody of something;She defrauded her employers of thousands of pounds.;

treat

[T,REG]BUY SOMETHING FOR SOMEBODY to buy or do something special for someone that you know they will enjoy;treat somebody to something;We treated Mom to lunch at the Savoy.;I treated myself to a new dress.;

expose

[T,REG]TELL THE TRUTH to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad:;The film exposes the utter horror of war.;The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice

roil

[T,REG]To be in a state of turbulence or agitation

regard

[T,REG][not in progressive] to think about someone or something in a particular way;regard somebody/something as something;Paul seemed to regard sex as sinful and immoral.;Edith was widely regarded as (=considered by many people to be) eccentric.;His work is highly regarded (=regarded as very good) by art experts.;2. formal to look at someone or something, in a particular way:;She stood back and regarded him coldly.;

erect

[T,REG]formal to build something such as a building or wall:;an imposing town hall, erected in 1892;Police have erected barriers across the main roads into the town.;

face

[T,REG]if you face or are faced with a difficult situation, or if a difficult situation faces you, it is going to affect you and you must deal with it:;Emergency services are facing additional problems this winter.;be faced with something;I was faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the girl's family.;face sth

saute'

[T,REG]to cook something in a little hot oil or fat (fry & move: onions & eggs):Sauté the onions for 5 minutes.;

regret

[T,REG]to feel sorry about something you have done and wish you had not done it:;Don't do anything you might regret.;regret doing something;I regret leaving school so young.;regret (that);He was beginning to regret that he'd come along.;; deeply/greatly | bitterly (=with a feeling of great sadness)|very much regret

eye(v)

[T,REG]to look at someone or something carefully, especially because you do not trust them or because you want something:;The man behind the desk eyed us suspiciously.

compound

[T,REG]to make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems;compound a problem/difficulty etc;Helmut's problems were compounded by his lack of concentration.;

evade

[T,REG]to not do or deal with something that you should do --> evader

compliment

[T,REG]to say something nice to someone in order to praise them;compliment somebody on something;Bob complimented me on my new hairstyle.;The groom was so nervous he forgot to compliment the bridesmaids

astonish

[T,REG]to surprise someone very much SYN amaze:;Her reply astonished me.;It astonished him that she had changed so little.;What astonishes me most is his complete lack of fear.;She has learned really fast. She has made astonishing progress.

seize

[T,REG]to take hold of something suddenly and violently SYN grab:;Suddenly, he seized my hand.;seize something from somebody;Maggie seized the letter from her.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say grab or grab hold of rather than seize:;▪ She grabbed hold of his hand.;

grind

[T,grind,ground,ground](also grind up)to cut food, especially raw meat, into very small pieces by putting it through a machine SYN mince British English:;ground beef;

suround

[T,usually passive,REG] to be all around someone or something on every side;be surrounded by something;The field was surrounded by trees.;My dreamy house is surrounded by a sea and a jungle

sentence(v)

[T] if a judge sentences someone who is guilty of a crime, they give them a punishment;: Sanchez was sentenced to three years in prison

accompkish

[T], Reg. to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard SYN achieve:;We have accomplished all we set out to do.;Mission accomplished (=we have done what we intended to do).;

chastise

[T]1. formal to criticize someone severely:;'You're a fool,' she chastised herself.;2. old-fashioned to physically punish someone

thank(struct.)

[T]thank somebody for (doing) something;Madeleine thanked everyone for coming

suit(v)

[T]to be acceptable, suitable, or convenient for a particular person or in a particular situation: We have gifts to suit every pocket (=of all prices)

liberate

[T]to free someone from feelings or conditions that make their life unhappy or difficult;liberate somebody from something;women's freedom to pursue careers liberated from childcare;the liberating power of education; [n:liberator] Some in Yemen consider bin Laden a liberator, who lived and died a hero

frequent (v)

[T]to go to a particular place often : The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre

crave

[T]to have an extremely strong desire for something: an insecure child who craves attention

stage

[T]to organize a public event(stage a strike/demonstration/sit-in etc): Activists staged a protest outside the parliament

penalize

[T]to punish someone or treat them unfairly;penalize somebody for (doing) something;Two students were penalized very differently for the same offence

rescue

[T]to save someone or something from a situation of danger or harm: Rescuers did everything humanly possible to save the people trapped in the building;rescue somebody/something from somebody/something;She died trying to rescue her children from the blaze

collocation

[UC,C] the way in which some words are often used together, or a particular combination of words used in this way:;'Commit a crime' is a typical collocation in English.

cord

[UC,C][uncountable and countable] a piece of thick string or thin rope:;The robe was held at the waist by a cord.;He pulled explosives and some tangled cord from his bag.;

marinade

[UC,C]a mixture of oil and spices in which meat or fish is put for a time before being cooked;

curry

[UC,C]a type of food from India, consisting of meat or vegetables in a spicy sauce:;chicken curry;

censure

[UC] formal the act of expressing strong disapproval and criticism:;a vote of censure

whitewater

[UC] part of a river that looks white because the water is running very quickly over rocks

innonance

[UC] the fact of being not guilty of a crime OPP guilt:;Can you prove your innocence?;protest/maintain your innocence (=say repeatedly that you are not guilty);The prisoners continued to protest their innocence.;

archaeology

[UC]also archeology :the study of ancient societies by examining what remains of their buildings, graves, tools etc;

گل

[UC]clay;

chit chat

[UC]conversation about things that are not very important:;boring social chit-chat ;

guff

[UC]informal remarks that are stupid and untrue SYN nonsense:;I don't believe any of that guff! ;

alimony

[UC]money that a court orders someone to pay regularly to their former wife or husband after their marriage has ended

Stubble

[UC]short stiff hairs that grow on a man's face if he does not shave

fertility, OPP

[UC]the ability of a person, animal, or plant to produce babies, young animals, or seeds OPP infertility ;;

morale

[UC]the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team etc: a win is always good for morale: low staff morale;: There is a need to raise morale in the teaching profession

scenery

[UC]the natural features of a particular part of a country that you can see, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc:;The best part of the trip was the fantastic scenery

cleanliness

[UC]the practice of keeping yourself or the things around you clean:;a high standard of cleanliness ;

globalization

[UC]the process of making something such as a business operate in a lot of different countries all around the world, or the result of this:;the increasing globalization of world trade ;;

fame

[UC]the state of being known about by a lot of people because of your achievements:;He claims he is not really interested in fame.;of ... fame (=used to show what someone is famous for);Muhammad Ali, of boxing fame;; win/gain fame ;achieve/find fame ;rise to fame (=become famous);international/worldwide fame ;lasting fame ;brief fame (=being famous for a short time)

prostitution

[UC]the work of prostitutes

eternal

[adj]continuing for ever and having no end:;the Christian promise of eternal life;She's an eternal optimist (=she always expects that good things will happen).;

bankrupt

[adj]without enough money to pay what you owe SYN insolvent:n 1977 he was declared bankrupt (=by a court).;Mr Trent lost his house when he was made bankrupt.;Seventeen years of war left the country bankrupt.;

nail

[always + adverb/preposition] to fasten something to something else with nails;nail something to something;A sign saying 'No Fishing' had been nailed to the tree.;nail something down;The lid was firmly nailed down.;nail something up (=permanently close a window or door by fixing something across it using nails);The windows had been nailed up.;

predicate

[c]the part of a sentence that makes a statement about the subject, such as 'swim' in 'Fish swim' and 'is an artist' in 'She is an artist'

'audience

[countable also + plural verb] a group of people who come to watch and listen to someone speaking or performing in public: We use pronouns when our audiences know what we are speaking about

tear

[countable usually plural] a drop of salty liquid that comes out of your eye when you are crying:;The children were all in tears.;She came home in floods of tears.;I could see that Sam was close to tears

a'rrangement

[countable usually plural] plans and preparations that you must make so that something can happen: Have you made all your travel arrangements?

memory

[countable usually plural] something that you remember from the past about a person, place, or experience: He has lots of happy memories of his stay in Japan

allegation

[countable usually plural];a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved;allegations of corruption/fraud/misconduct etc;Mr Singh has strongly denied the allegations of sexual harassment.;allegation that;an allegation that senior government figures were involved;allegation against;The teacher made serious allegations against a colleague.;allegation of;A committee will investigate allegations of racial discrimination. ;

blaze

[countable usually singular] a big dangerous fire - used especially in news reports:It took almost 100 firemen to bring the blaze under control.;fight/tackle/control a blaze;Helicopters were used to help fight the blaze.;house/factory/barn etc blaze;a huge chemical factory blaze;

look (n)

[countable usually singular] an act of looking at something: Let me have a look at that - I think it's mine

eve /iːv/

[countable usually singular] the night or day before an important day: on the eve of the election; Yalda's eve

handshake

[countable] 1. the act of taking someone's right hand and shaking it, which people do when they meet or leave each other or when they have made an agreement:He greeted me with a handshake and a glass of wine; they are shaking each other's hands

rash

[countable] : a lot of red spots on someone's skin, caused by an illness : She had a nasty rash on her arm

blanket /ˈblæŋkət

[countable] a cover for a bed, usually made of wool

resolution

[countable] a formal decision or statement agreed on by a group of people, especially after a vote;pass/adopt/approve a resolution;The resolution was passed by a two-thirds majority 2. PROMISE [countable] a promise to yourself to do something. resolution to do something!(~=plan; related to personality)!;Carol made a resolution to work harder at school.;New Year's resolution (=a resolution made on January 1st)

herd

[countable] a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together

bunch /bʌntʃ/

[countable] a group of things that are fastened, held, or growing together

idiom

[countable] a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word. For example, 'under the weather' is an idiom meaning 'ill'.;

occupation

[countable] a job or profession:;Please state your name, address and occupation.;have an occupation ; choose an occupation ; take up an occupation (also enter an occupation formal) (=start doing one) ;follow an occupation formal (=do one) The third son followed his father's occupation.;

broom

[countable] a large brush with a long handle, used for sweeping floors

'passage

[countable] a long narrow area with walls on either side which connects one room or place to another

dock

[countable] a place in a port where ships are loaded, unloaded, or repaired: A crowd was waiting at the dock to greet them

commitment

[countable] a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way:;Are you ready to make a long-term commitment?;commitment to;Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service.;

study

[countable] a room in a house that is used for work or study

recipe

[countable] a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food;recipe for;a recipe for tomato soup;a recipe book;

synopsis

[countable] a short description of the main events or ideas in a book, film etc SYN summary;synopsis of;a synopsis of the play / of thesis

rabit

[countable] a small animal with long ears and soft fur, that lives in a hole in the ground;

lime

[countable] a small juicy green fruit with a sour taste, or the tree this grows on;!a smal lemon!

re‧u‧nion /riːˈjuːnjən/

[countable] a social meeting of people who have not met for a long time, especially people who were at school or college together: an annual reunion; a family reunion; a high-school reunion

stall

[countable] a table or a small shop with an open front, especially outdoors, where goods are sold : a market stall;

occasion

[countable] a time when something happens: Do not use occasion to mean 'a time when it is possible for you to do what you want to do'. Use opportunity or chance: Do not waste this opportunity (NOT this occasion);

drill

[countable] a tool or machine used for making holes in something:;an electric drill;a whine like a dentist's drill

vacuum

[countable] a vacuum cleaner

bowl

[countable] a wide round container that is open at the top, used to hold liquids, food, flowers etc

bull

[countable] an adult male animal of the cattle family:;a herd of cows with one bull;

ceremony

[countable] an important social or religious event, when a traditional set of actions is performed in a formal way: After the ceremony, her parents served a wonderful meal; a wedding ceremony; the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games;

au'thority

[countable] an official organization or a government department that has the power to make decisions, and has particular responsibilities: school authority

infant

[countable] formal a baby or very young child: An infant's skin is very sensitive

slacker

[countable] informal;someone who is lazy and does not do all the work they should - used to show disapproval ;;

amazon

[countable] literary;a strong tall woman;

vein

[countable] one of the tubes which carries blood to your heart from other parts of your body: soccer runs through our veins

breast

[countable] one of the two round raised parts on a woman's chest that produce milk when she has a baby:;These bras are specially designed for women with large breasts.;breast milk;breast cancer;

graduate

[countable] someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree ; a history graduate;graduate in;He's a graduate in philosophy.;

acquaintance

[countable] someone you know, but who is not a close friend:;She was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.;He heard about the job through a mutual acquaintance (=someone you and another person both know).;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say someone I know rather than an acquaintance:;▪ I got the job through someone I know.;

achievement

[countable] something important that you succeed in doing by your own efforts;achievement of;We try to celebrate the achievements of our students.;sb's achievement in (doing) something;The test measures children's achievements in reading, spelling, and maths

bargain

[countable] something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price : something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price

complexion

[countable] the natural colour or appearance of the skin on your face: Drinking water is good for the complexion

soul

[countable] the part of a person that is not physical, and that contains their character, thoughts, and feelings. Many people believe that a person's soul continues to exist after they have died

tongue

[countable] the soft part inside your mouth that you can move about and use for eating and speaking: Joe ran his tongue over his dry lips

cheek

[countable] the soft round part of your face below each of your eyes: they cheek each other's cheek; Lucy stretched up to kiss his cheek ; rosy ( = pink ) cheeks; tear-stained

horn

[countable] the thing in a vehicle that you use to make a loud sound as a signal or warning

خر خوان

[countable], bookworm: 1. someone who likes reading very much; 2. an insect that eats books

jam

[countable]: a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many cars or people:;Sorry we're late. We got stuck in a traffic jam

contest

[countable];1. a competition or a situation in which two or more people or groups are competing with each other: I only entered the contest for fun; It is clear that the election will be a close contest

commander

[countable];1. an officer of any rank who is in charge of a group of soldiers or a particular military activity:;the American Commander, General Otis;our platoon commander;

intruder

[countable];1. someone who illegally enters a building or area, usually in order to steal something:;The police think the intruder got in through an unlocked window.;2. someone who is in a place where they are not wanted:;At first I felt like an intruder in their family. ;

hiomeboy/girl

[countable];American English informal a friend or someone from the same area or gang as you - used especially by young people ;

teapot

[countable];a container for making and serving tea, which has a handle and a spout

bridsmaid

[countable];a girl or woman, usually unmarried, who helps a bride on her wedding day and is with her at the wedding;

incinerator

[countable];a machine designed to burn things in order to destroy them ;;

key ring

[countable];a metal ring that you keep keys on ;;

appliance

[countable];a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, such as a cooker or washing machine, used in people's homes;domestic/household etc appliance;There's plenty of space for all the usual kitchen appliances.;electrical/gas appliance

newsstand

[countable];a place on a street where newspapers and magazines are sold ;

appetizer

[countable];a small dish that you eat at the beginning of a meal ;

exclamation

[countable];a sound, word, or short sentence that you say suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited;; sign " ! "

grater

[countable];a tool used for grating food:;a cheese grater ;

stapler

[countable];a tool used for putting staples into paper ;;

sit-in

[countable];a type of protest in which people refuse to leave the place where they work or study until their demands are considered or agreed to;hold/stage a sit-in;Several thousand students staged sit-ins and protest marches. ;

breakthrough

[countable];an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time;breakthrough in;Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.

optimist , OPP

[countable];someone who believes that good things will happen OPP pessimist:;He's an eternal optimist (=he always believes that good things will happen). ;;

destractor

[countable];someone who says bad things about someone or something, in order to make them seem less good than they really are SYN critic;sb's detractors;Even the President's detractors admit that the decision was the right one. ;

drug-dealer

[countable];someone who sells illegal drugs SYN dealer ;;

prostitute

[countable];someone, especially a woman, who earns money by having sex with people

an'tacid

[countable]a substance that gets rid of the burning feeling in your stomach when you have eaten too much, drunk too much alcohol etc

dismount

[intransitive + from, REG] to get off a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle OPP mount;

bump

[intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to hit or knock against something;bump against;I ran after him, bumping against people in my hurry.;bump into;Tim was a clumsy boy, always bumping into the furniture.;bump something on something;She bumped her arm on the table.;The roof was so low he bumped his head (=his head hit the roof).;

peer

[intransitive always + adverb/preposition];to look very carefully at something, especially because you are having difficulty seeing it:;He was peering through the wet windscreen at the cars ahead.;Philippa peered into the darkness

gaze

[intransitive always + adverb/preposition]to look at someone or something for a long time, giving it all your attention, often without realizing you are doing so SYN stare;gaze into/at etc;Nell was still gazing out of the window.;Patrick sat gazing into space (=looking straight in front, not at any particular person or thing)

dig

[intransitive and transitive, dig, dug, dug] to move earth, snow etc, or to make a hole in the ground, using a spade or your hands;dig a hole/trench/grave etc;They dig a small hole in the sand to bury their eggs.;dig down;Dig down about 6 inches.;dig for;birds digging for worms;

spread(soft substance)

[intransitive and transitive, spread, spread, spread] to put a soft substance over a surface, or to be soft enough to be put over a surface;spread something on/over something;He spread plaster on the walls.;spread something with something;Spread the toast thinly with jam.;If you warm up the butter, it'll spread more easily.;Spread the nut mixture evenly over the bottom.;: spread butter on bread using a knife

simmer

[intransitive and transitive,REG] to boil gently, or to cook something slowly by boiling it gently:;Bring the soup to the boil and allow it to simmer gently for about half an hour.;

prosecute

[intransitive and transitive,REG] to charge someone with a crime and try to show that they are guilty of it in a court of law:;Shoplifters will be prosecuted.;prosecute somebody for (doing) something;Buxton is being prosecuted for assault.;prosecute somebody under a law/Act etc;The company is to be prosecuted under the Health and Safety Act.;

shave

[intransitive and transitive,REG] to cut off hair very close to the skin, especially from the face, using a razor:;He hadn't shaved for days.;Brian had cut himself shaving.;shave your head/legs/armpits etc;She shaved her legs and underarms.;

stir

[intransitive and transitive,REG] to move slightly, or to make something move slightly:;The crowd began to stir as they waited for the band to start.;A gentle breeze stirred the curtains.;

wave

[intransitive and transitive,REG] to raise your arm and move your hand from side to side in order to make someone notice you;wave to/at;She turned to wave to the approaching soldiers.;Enid waved at us and we waved back.;wave (somebody) goodbye (=say goodbye to someone by waving to them);The nurses came out to wave Grandad goodbye.;I waved to Hellen, but she was not looking

tangle

[intransitive and transitive] (also tangle up) to become twisted together, or make something become twisted together, in an untidy mass:;My hair tangles easily.;His parachute became tangled in the wheels of the plane.;

board

[intransitive and transitive] formal to get on a bus, plane, train etc in order to travel somewhere: Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to board

invest

[intransitive and transitive] if a government, business, or organization invests in something, they spend a large amount of money to improve it or help it succeed;invest (something) in something;The city has invested millions of dollars in the museum.;The factory plans to invest in new computers

fight

[intransitive and transitive] if someone fights another person, or if two people fight, they hit and kick the other person in order to hurt them;fight with;Two guys were fighting with each other in the street.;fight about/over/for;They were fighting over a girl; fight against;People are fighting against repression and injustice

stain

[intransitive and transitive] to accidentally make a mark on something, especially one that cannot be removed, or to be marked in this way: Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking; a cowboy hat stained with dust and sweat;

entertain

[intransitive and transitive] to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure;entertain somebody with something;She entertained the children with stories, songs and drama.;A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate

cheat

[intransitive and transitive] to behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, especially in a competition, game, or examination: He had cheated in the test by using a calculator. She claimed that I cheated at chess; cheat somebody (out) of something: She cheated her aged aunt out of her fortune

prosecute

[intransitive and transitive] to charge someone with a crime and try to show that they are guilty of it in a court of law:;Shoplifters will be prosecuted.;prosecute somebody for (doing) something;Buxton is being prosecuted for assault.;prosecute somebody under a law/Act etc;The company is to be prosecuted under the Health and Safety Act.;

negotiate

[intransitive and transitive] to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics;negotiate with;The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.;negotiate an agreement/contract etc;Union leaders have negotiated an agreement for a shorter working week.;His first aim is to get the warring parties back to the negotiating table (=discussing something).;

rush

[intransitive and transitive] to do or decide something too quickly, especially so that you do not have time to do it carefully or well:;He does not intend to rush his decision.;rush into;I'm not rushing into marriage again.;rush through;She rushed through her script.;rush it/things;When we first met, neither of us wanted to rush things

criticize,OPP

[intransitive and transitive] to express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults OPP praise:;Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time: be strongly/sharply/heavily criticized;The decision has been strongly criticized by teachers.;The new law has been widely criticized; criticize somebody/something for (doing) something;He has been criticized for incompetence.;Doctors have criticized the government for failing to invest enough in the health service; criticize somebody/something as something;The report has been criticized as inaccurate and incomplete; 2. [transitive] formal to express judgments about the good and bad qualities of something:;We look at each other's work and criticize it

recruit

[intransitive and transitive] to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc: Many government officials were recruited from private industry

rent vs. hire

[intransitive and transitive] to regularly pay money to live in a house or room that belongs to someone else, or to use something that belongs to someone else: Most students rent rooms in their second year; rent something from somebody: Some farmers rent their land from the council; rent something (out) to somebody: rent something (out) to somebody: She rents out two rooms to students 2. to pay money for the use of something for a short period of time SYN hire: Will you rent a car while you're in Spain? {--> rent always for things } hire: to pay money to borrow something for a short period of time SYN rent 2. to employ someone for a short time to do a particular job: Employers hire skilled people on fixed-term contracts; hire somebody to do something: A City lawyer has been hired to handle the case ; hire something ↔ out: to allow someone to borrow something for a short time in exchange for money; hire yourself out : to arrange to work for someone: They were so poor they had to hire themselves out on the farms

cel‧e‧brate /ˈseləbreɪt/

[intransitive and transitive] to show that an event or occasion is important by doing something special or enjoyable: It's Dad's birthday and we're going out for a meal to celebrate

blink

[intransitive and transitive] to shut and open your eyes quickly: I blinked as I came out into the sunlight

mutter

[intransitive and transitive] to speak in a low voice, especially because you are annoyed about something, or you do not want people to hear you;mutter to yourself;'I never want to come here again,' he muttered to himself.;Elsie muttered something I couldn't catch and walked off.;'He's such an unpleasant man,' Alyssia muttered under her breath.;mutter about;What are you two muttering about?

train

[intransitive and transitive] to teach someone the skills of a particular job or activity, or to be taught these skills: All staff will be trained in customer service skills

surf

[intransitive and transitive];1. to ride on waves while standing on a special board;2. surf the Net/Internet to look quickly through information on the Internet for anything that interests you;3. [uncountable];the white substance that forms on top of waves as they move towards the shore ;

dare

[intransitive not in progressive] to be brave enough to do something that is risky or that you are afraid to do - used especially in questions or negative sentences: He wanted to ask her, but he didn't dare. 2. dare (to) do something: Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. She hardly dared hope that he was alive;Dare can be used like a modal verb, followed by an infinitive without 'to', in negative sentences and questions: Dare she ring him at the office?; It can also be used as an ordinary verb, followed by an infinitive with or without 'to': Nobody dared to ask any questions

whine

[intransitive,REG] if a machine whines, it makes a continuous high sound;—whine noun [countable]:;The baby's howl turned to a high-pitched whine.;the whine of a vacuum cleaner;

pose

[intransitive,REG] to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be photographed or painted, or to make someone do this;pose for;We posed for photographs.;

shoplift

[intransitive,REG];to take something from a shop without paying for it;—shoplifter noun [countable]:;Shoplifters will be prosecuted. ;

swell

[intransitive,swell,swelled, swollen] (also swell up) to become larger and rounder than normal - used especially about parts of the body : Her ankle was already starting to swell.;The window frame was swollen shut.;

keep

[intransitive] (also keep on) to continue doing something or to do the same thing many times;[keep, kept, kept] keep (on) doing something;I keep thinking about Joe, all alone in that place.;I keep telling you, but you won't listen!;She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking. he keeps telling when I can go home.;► Do not say 'keep up doing something'. Say keep doing something or keep on doing something

breed

[intransitive] if animals breed, they mate in order to have babies:;Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.

ar‧gue /ˈɑːɡjuː $ ˈɑːr-/

[intransitive] to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way: We could hear the neighbours arguing

argue

[intransitive] to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way:;We could hear the neighbours arguing; argue with;Gallacher continued to argue with the referee throughout the game.;argue about;They were arguing about how to spend the money.;argue over;The children were arguing over which TV programme to watch

apply

[intransitive] to make a formal request, usually written, for something such as a job, a place at a university, or permission to do something;apply for!(job/position)!;She applied for a job with the local newspaper.;We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage.;apply to!(place/organization)!;I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.;

starve

[intransitive] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat:;Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city.;pictures of starving children;be starving (also be starved American English) to be very hungry:;You must be starving!;

oversleep

[intransitive];to sleep for longer than you intended:;Sorry I'm late. I overslept.;(more than usual-->making trouble)

apologize

[intransitive];to tell someone that you are sorry that you have done something wrong : I'm so sorry, I do apologize.;apologize to;I think you should apologize to your brother.;apologize for (doing) something;He later apologized for his behaviour.;I apologize for losing my temper.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people often use the phrases say (you are) sorry or tell someone you are sorry, rather than apologize (to somebody):;▪ I've already apologized to him. ➔ I've already told him I'm sorry. ;

CONSCIOUS

[not before noun] noticing or realizing something SYN aware;conscious of (doing) something;I became conscious of someone watching me.;I was very conscious of the fact that I had to make a good impression

asleep

[not before noun];. sleeping OPP awake:;Quiet! The baby's asleep.;fast/sound asleep (=sleeping deeply);2. fall asleep;a) to begin to sleep:;Grandad fell asleep watching TV.;One in seven road accidents is caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel (=falling asleep while driving).;b) literary used to mean that someone dies, when you want to avoid saying this directly;3. half asleep very tired or not completely awake:;Still half asleep, Jenny began to make the kids' breakfast.;4. an arm or leg that is asleep has been in one position for too long, so you cannot feel it properly;

acquainted

[not before noun];1. if you are acquainted with someone, you have met them a few times but do not know them very well;acquainted with;Were you acquainted with a friend of mine, Daniel Green?;We would like to get better acquainted.;2. be acquainted with something formal to know about something, because you have seen it, read it, used it etc:;She was well acquainted with classical literature

country, SYN, OPP

[only before a noun],belonging to or connected with the countryside SYN rural OPP urban: They much preferred country life to life in the city

emotional

[only before noun] relating to your feelings or how you control them:;She provided emotional support at a very distressing time for me;

whirlwind

[only before noun];a whirlwind situation or event happens very quickly:;a whirlwind romance

sideburnes

[plu]hair grown down the sides of a man's face in front of his ears: He has sideburnes

buse

[plural, uncountable] cruel or violent treatment of someone:;several cases of child abuse;physical/sexual/racial abuse;Many children suffer racial abuse at school.;An independent committee will look into alleged human rights abuses.;

fumes

[plural];strong-smelling gas or smoke that is unpleasant to breathe in:;paint fumes ;

sweat

[singular, uncountable] drops of salty liquid that come out through your skin when you are hot, frightened, ill, or doing exercise SYN perspiration[UC]

heaven, SYN

[singular] the place where God is believed to live and where good people are believed to go when they die SYN paradise : He believed that he and his wife would one day be together again in heaven.;

bestman

[singular];the man who helps the bridegroom at a wedding ceremony ;;

fold(n)

[suuallu plu][usually plural] the folds in material, skin etc are the loose parts that hang over other parts of it: Her dress hung in soft folds

resemble

[transitive not in progressive or passive];to look like or be similar to someone or something:;It's amazing how closely Brian and Steve resemble each other.;He grew up to resemble his father.;adj.s: closely, strongly/greatly, vaguely(slightly),superficially (=in its appearance)

suspect

[transitive not in progressive,REG]1. to think that something is probably true, especially something bad;I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.;She strongly suspected he was lying to her.;2. to think that something bad has happened or is happening:;The doctors suspected pneumonia.;suspect murder/foul play;The position of the body led the police to suspect murder.;suspect something/nothing/anything;He never suspected anything.;3. to think that someone is probably guilty of a crime:;Who do you suspect?;suspect somebody of (doing) something;He's suspected of murder.;Pilcher was suspected of giving away government secrets to the enemy.;1. someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime:;Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery.;Police have issued a description of the murder suspect.;

grate

[transitive, REG] to rub cheese, vegetables etc against a rough or sharp surface in order to break them into small pieces:;grated cheese;Peel and grate the potatoes.;

stir-fry,SYN

[transitive,REG:stir-fried];to cook small pieces of food quickly by moving them around continuously in very hot oil:;stir-fried vegetables;!seute'!

mince

[transitive,REG] (also mince something ↔ up) to cut food, especially meat, into very small pieces, usually using a machine:;minced lamb;Mince the meat up with some onion and garlic.;

steam

[transitive,REG] to cook something in steam :Steam the vegetables lightly.;steamed broccoli;

smash

[transitive,REG] to destroy something such as a political system or criminal organization:;Police say they have smashed a major crime ring.;

squeeze

[transitive,REG] to get liquid from something by pressing it:;Squeeze the oranges.;squeeze something out;Try to squeeze a bit more out.;

mash

[transitive,REG];to crush something, especially a food that has been cooked, until it is soft and smooth:;Mash the bananas.;—masher noun [countable]:;a potato masher;

sweep

[transitive,sweep,swept,swept] to clean the dust, dirt etc from the floor or ground, using a brush with a long handle SYN brush:;Bert swept the path in front of the house

slice

[transitive] (also slice up) to cut meat, bread, vegetables etc into thin flat pieces : Thinly slice the cucumbers.;Slice up the onions and add them to the meat.;sliced ham;

pat

[transitive] 1. to lightly touch someone or something several times with your hand flat, especially to give comfort : He patted the dog affectionately 2. to praise someone or yourself for doing something well : You can pat yourselves on the back for a job well done; they pat on each other's back

skip,SYN

[transitive] informal to not do something that you usually do or that you should do SYN miss:;She skipped lunch in order to go shopping

manage

[transitive] to be able to eat or drink something:;Could you manage another drink?;I don't know how he managed lunch after the enormous breakfast he had in the morning

sweep

[transitive] to clean the dust, dirt etc from the floor or ground, using a brush with a long handle SYN brush: Bert swept the path in front of the house

dread

[transitive] to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen: I've got an interview tomorrow and I'm dreading it

love

[transitive] to like something very much or enjoy doing something very much: I love carrots; Jeff loves his work

scare, SYN

[transitive] to make someone feel frightened SYN frighten: Loud noises can scare animals or birds; I got scared... . ; I was scares/afraid of ...

lake

[transitive] to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it:;Alex's real problem is that he lacks confidence.;► Do not use 'in' or 'of' after the verb lack: We lack ideas (NOT We lack in/of ideas). However, you can use these prepositions after be lacking in and a lack: We are lacking in ideas. | There is a lack of ideas

exchange(v)

[transitive]: a) to give someone something and receive the same kind of thing from them at the same time: We exchange gifts at Christmas. At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other. We exchanged phone numbers. 2. to give someone something and receive something different from them SYN change; exchange papers

pile

[transitive];1. [always + adverb/preposition] to fill a place or container or cover a surface with a large amount of things;pile something into/onto etc something;He piled bread and milk into his basket.;Melissa piled spaghetti onto her plate.;be piled with something;a chair piled with velvet cushions;The room was piled high with boxes (=filled with a lot of boxes).;

unscramble

[transitive];1. to change a television signal or a message that has been sent in code (=a deliberately confusing way) so that it can be seen or read;2. to make a confusing situation or confusing feelings easier to understand ;;

hug, SYN

[transitive]to put your arms around someone and hold them tightly to show love or friendship SYN embrace: We stood there crying and hugging each other

satirize

[transitive]to use satire to make people see someone's or something's faults:;a play satirizing the fashion industry ;;

soda

[uncountable and countable] (also soda water) water that contains bubbles and is often added to alcoholic drinks

tra‧di‧tion /trəˈdɪʃən/

[uncountable and countable] a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time, or these beliefs, customs etc in general: the tradition that the eldest son inherits the property

effect vs. affect

[uncountable and countable] a change that is caused by an event, action etc; [uncountable and countable] a change that is caused by an event, action etc; formal to make something happen SYN bring about:;Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children's behaviour.;; Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something). ;;

stew, SYN /stjuː $ stuː/

[uncountable and countable] a hot meal made by cooking meat and vegetables slowly in liquid for a long time SYN casserole/ˈkæsərəʊl $ -roʊl/ : beef stew

injection

[uncountable and countable] an act of putting a drug into someone's body using a special needle ⇒ shot:;The nurse gave me a tetanus injection.;injection of;an injection of insulin;The children hate having injections.;The only sure treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection.;

sin

[uncountable and countable] an action that is against religious rules and is considered to be an offence against God;sin of;the sin of pride;She needed to confess her sins and ask for forgiveness.;He knew that he had committed a terrible sin.;

lawn

[uncountable and countable] an area of ground in a garden or park that is covered with short grass: I spent all morning mowing the lawn (=cutting the grass)

'moisturizer

[uncountable and countable] cream that you put on your skin to make it less dry

salutation

[uncountable and countable] something you say or do when greeting someone : make a salutation

[uncountable and countable] technical the words, style, and grammar used by speakers and writers in a particular situation or in a particular type of writing;formal/informal register;letters written in a formal register;

assult

[uncountable and countable] the crime of physically attacking someone:;a case of robbery and assault;for assault;He was jailed for assault.;sexual/indecent assault;victims of indecent assault;assault on/against;sexual assaults on women;Several soldiers have been charged with assault.;

rou‧tine /ruːˈtiːn/

[uncountable and countable] the usual order in which you do things, or the things you regularly do: Try to get into a routine

food, dish, meal

[uncountable and countable] things that people and animals eat, such as vegetables or meat:;The restaurant serves good food at affordable prices, [uncountable and countable] things that people and animals eat, such as vegetables or meat:;The restaurant serves good food at affordable prices, [countable] an occasion when you eat food, for example breakfast or dinner, or the food that you eat on that occasion:;We must have a meal together some time.;

pilgrimage

[uncountable and countable];1. a journey to a holy place for religious reasons;make a pilgrimage/go on (a) pilgrimage;the chance to go on pilgrimage to Mecca;

fertilizer

[uncountable and countable];a substance that is put on the soil to make plants grow ;

childhood

[uncountable and countable];the period of time when you are a child:;I had a very happy childhood.;in/during/since (sb's) childhood;Most infections occur in childhood.;She had been writing poems since her childhood.;In everyday English, people usually say when I was a child when talking about their childhood:;▪ During my childhood we lived by the ocean. ➔ When I was a child we lived by the ocean.;▪ | She's known him since childhood. ➔ She's known him since she was a child.;

rush hour

[uncountable and countable];the time of day when the roads, buses, trains etc are most full, because people are travelling to or from work:;I got caught in the morning rush hour.;heavy rush hour traffic

city hall

[uncountable] American English the government of a city

foundation

[uncountable] a cream in the same colour as your skin that you put on before the rest of your make-up

disappoinment

[uncountable] a feeling of unhappiness because something is not as good as you expected, or has not happened in the way you hoped:;He could see the disappointment in her eyes 2. [countable] someone or something that is not as good as you hoped or expected:;The movie was kind of a disappointment; adjs:great/huge/deep disappointment/bitter disappointment (=feeling disappointed in a very unhappy and upset way) The fans felt bitter disappointment at England's failure to qualify for the finals

paradise

[uncountable] a place or situation that is extremely pleasant, beautiful, or enjoyable:;a beautiful tropical paradise;

horror

[uncountable] a strong feeling of shock and fear;in horror;Staff watched in horror as he set himself alight.;with horror;Many people recoil with horror when they see a big spider like this.;to sb's horror (=making someone shocked or afraid);To my horror, I realised my shirt was wet with blood.;You should have seen the look of horror on his face.;

satire

[uncountable] a way of criticizing something such as a group of people or a system, in which you deliberately make them seem funny so that people will see their faults:;the characteristic use of satire in Jonson's work;political/social satire;a comedy group that does political satire;

beer

[uncountable] an alcoholic drink made from malt and hops: a pint of beer

vice

[uncountable] criminal activities that involve sex or drugs:;the fight against vice on the streets;The police have smashed a vice ring (=a group of criminals involved in vice) in Chicago

dust

[uncountable] dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of dirt that is in buildings on furniture, floors etc if they are not kept clean: All the furniture was covered in dust

grief

[uncountable] extreme sadness, especially because someone you love has died;grief over/at;The grief she felt over Helen's death was almost unbearable.;with grief;Charles was overcome with grief.;

relief

[uncountable] money, food, clothes etc given to people who are poor or hungry:;money raised for the relief effort;

poverty

[uncountable] the situation or experience of being poor ⇒ poor, impoverished:

survival

[uncountable] the state of continuing to live or exist: Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.;The doctors gave him a one in ten chance of survival.;A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (=work hard in order to continue to exist).;

jus‧tice ˈdʒʌstəs, ˈdʒʌstɪs/

[uncountable] the system by which people are judged in courts of law and criminals are punished: a book on the criminal justice system

agitation

[uncountable] when you are so anxious, nervous, or upset that you cannot think calmly:;She was in a state of considerable agitation.;

attention

[uncountable] when you carefully listen to, look at, or think about someone or something: My attention wasn't really on the game; 2. My attention wasn't really on the game: She was flattered by all the attention he was giving her

debt

[uncountable] when you owe money to someone OPP credit;in debt (to somebody);Nearly half the students said they were in debt.;The band will be in debt to the record company for years.;£200/$1,000 etc in debt;A rash business decision left him $600 in debt.;

irony

[uncountable] when you use words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing;trace/hint/touch of irony;Wagner calls his program 'the worst talk show in America,' without a hint of irony.;heavy irony British English (=a lot of irony);'Of course Michael won't be late; you know how punctual he always is,' she said with heavy irony

food poisoning

[uncountable];a stomach illness caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria, so that you vomit;

incompetence,OPP

[uncountable];lack of the ability or skill to do a job properly OPP competence

atheism

[uncountable];the belief that God does not exist . atheist noun [countable];atheistic adjective ;;

candlelight

[uncountable];the gentle light produced when a candle burns:;The jewels sparkled in the candlelight.;

anarchism

[uncountable];the political belief that there should be no government and ordinary people should work together to improve society

sanitation

[uncountable];the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc:;Overcrowding and poor sanitation are common problems in prisons

slang

[uncountable];very informal, sometimes offensive language that is used especially by people who belong to a particular group, such as young people or criminals:;schoolboy slan

peer

[usually plural] formal your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc:;American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan

temple(body)

[usually plural] one of the two fairly flat areas on each side of your forehead;

a bisycle race of length 200 km

a 200 km bisycl race; racers don't sleep for two days

single(n)

a CD that has only one song on it, not a number of songs, or a song which is sold in this way . Have you heard their latest single?;

کمر درد

a backache

brat

a badly behaved child:;a spoiled brat;

bracelet

a band or chain that you wear around your wrist or arm as a decoration: a gold bracelet

double bed

a bed for two people: Would you like a double bed or twin beds

check

a bill that tells you how much you must pay in a restaurant: Can I have the check, please?;

bulletin board, SYN

a board on the wall that you put information or pictures on SYN noticeboard

diary, SYN

a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day SYN journal: Inge kept a diary (=wrote in a diary) during the war years

temple

a building where people go to worship, in the Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and Mormon religions

morument

a building, statue, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person ⇒ memorial:;He erected a monument on the spot where his daughter was killed.;monument to;a fitting monument to the men who died in the battle;

جدول زماني اتوبوس

a bus time table

button-down shirt

a button-down shirt or collar has the ends of the collar fastened to the shirt with buttons;

تصادف ماشين

a car accident

آژير ماشين

a car alarm

ivy

a climbing plant with dark green shiny leaves

'pillow

a cloth bag filled with soft material that you put your head on when you are sleeping: a game in which children hit each other with pillows

سرما خوردگي

a cold: [countable] a common illness that makes it difficult to breathe through your nose and often makes your throat hurt: Keep your feet dry so you don't catch a cold

cosmopolitan

a cosmopolitan place has people from many different parts of the world - use this to show approval:;a vibrant cosmopolitan city;a lively hotel with a cosmopolitan atmosphere;

سرفه

a cough: think I'm getting a cold or flu - I've been coughing and sneezing all day

Re'public

a country governed by elected representatives of the people, and led by a president, not a king or queen

'closet

a cupboard built into the wall of a room from the floor to the ceiling: a closet full of beautiful clothes

canyon

a deep valley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river running through it

types of houses

a detached house; semi-detached house; terraced house

predicament

a difficult or unpleasant situation in which you do not know what to do, or in which you have to make a difficult choice:;the country's economic predicament;She went to the office to explain her predicament.;in a predicament;Other married couples are in a similar predicament

an excuse that is difficult to believe

a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse : Joe muttered some feeble excuse about having a headache

تب

a fever

raft

a flat floating structure, usually made of pieces of wood tied together, used as a boat: white water rafting

foolish , SYN

a foolish action, remark etc is stupid and shows that someone is not thinking sensibly SYN silly: I've never heard anything so foolish in all my life; I was foolish enough to believe him 2. a foolish person behaves in a silly way or looks silly SYN stupid : He'd been made to look foolish

a very successful thing

a great success:It was *hard work* organizing the conference but I think it was a great success

shopping cebtre

a group of stores built together and sharing a parking areaa

سر درد

a headache

historic vs. historical

a historic event or act is very important and will be recorded as part of history; historical=old; Historical doesn't collocate to buildings

piercing

a hole made through part of your body so that you can put jewellery there, or the process of making these holes

mo‧tel /məʊˈtel $ moʊ-/

a hotel for people who are travelling by car, where you can park your car outside your room

'stressfull

a job, experience, or situation that is stressful makes you worry a lot: Moving to a new house is a very stressful experience; I'm Stressful is WRONG. Sth is stressful I'm stressed out OR I feel stressed

failure

a lack of success in achieving or doing something OPP success:;Successful people often aren't very good at dealing with failure.;failure to do something;the conference's failure to reach an

mall, SYN

a large area where there are a lot of shops, usually a covered area where cars are not allowed SYN shopping centre: a huge new shopping mall

'continent

a large mass of land surrounded by sea: the continents of 'Asia and 'Africa

plenty

a large quantity that is enough or more than enough: There's plenty to do and see in New York

an excuse that is true and that other people cannot criticize

a legitimate/valid excuse : He didn't have a legitimate excuse for being late.

shopping list

a list of things that you plan to buy

ri‧fle /ˈraɪfəl/

a long gun which you hold up to your shoulder to shoot

trench

a long narrow hole dug into the surface of the ground:;Workers dug a trench for gas lines.;

'corridor

a long narrow passage on a train or between rooms in a building, with doors leading off it: We had to wait outside in the corridor until our names were called

صداي بلند/آهسته

a loud/soft voice

spokesman

a man who has been chosen to speak officially for a group, organization, or government

'womanizer

a man who has sexual relationships with many different women - used to show disapproval

henpecked

a man who is henpecked is always being told what to do by his wife, and is afraid to disagree with her: a henpecked husband

'widower

a man whose wife has died and who has not married again

waiter/waitress

a man/woman who serves food and drink at the tables in a restaurant

pitch

a marked out area of ground on which a sport is played SYN field;football/cricket/rugby etc pitch;the world-famous Wembley football pitch;He ran the length of the pitch and scored.;

barbecue

a meal that you cook outdoors over hot coals or wood and eat outdoors;

cure

a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away: doctors are curing patients; There is still no cure for AIDS

sunbed

a metal structure the size of a bed that you lie on to make your skin brown using light from special lamps;

امتحان چند گزينه اي

a multiple choice test

مربي تيم ملي

a national coach (=for a team that represents a whole country)

Roman nose

a nose that curves out near the top

Silicon Vallay

a part of California, in the area between San Francisco and San José, which is known as a centre of the computer industry. Many important inventions were discovered in this area, and many large and small companies producing computer software and hardware are based there. It is called Silicon Valley because the computer industry is based on the silicon chip.

swallen

a part of your body that is swollen is bigger than usual, especially because you are ill or injured:;swollen glands;a badly swollen ankle;His eyes were swollen from crying.;

spot

a particular place or area, especially a pleasant place where you spend time:;a nice quiet spot on the beach;

very weak excuses

a pathetic/lame excuse : That's the most pathetic excuse I've ever heard

he was a big laugh

a person who laughs every time

individual

a person, considered separately from the rest of the group or society that they live in:;the rights of the individual;Each individual receives two genes, one inherited from each parent

'tank top

a piece of clothing like a T-shirt but with no sleeves

oven

a piece of equipment that food is cooked inside, shaped like a metal box with a door on the front: Preheat the oven to 200 degrees C; microwave oven

'shower

a piece of equipment that you stand under to wash your whole body: Why does the phone always ring when I'm in the shower?

hall, SYN

a piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes, sometimes with a mirror on top SYN chest of drawers: huge tiled entrance hall

ring

a piece of jewellery that you wear on your finger: a diamond ring

stove , SYN

a piece of kitchen equipment on which you cook food in pots and pans, and that contains an oven SYN cooker

peninsula

a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a large area of land:;the Korean peninsula;

bill, SYN

a piece of paper money SYN note: a five-dollar bill

prescription

a piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should have, so that they can get it from a pharmacist ⇒ prescribe;prescription for;a prescription for sleeping pills;We are trying to cut the price of prescription drugs.;

rug

a piece of thick cloth or wool that covers part of a floor, used for warmth or as a decoration

tights

a piece of women's clothing made of very thin material that fits tightly over the feet and legs and goes up to the waist SYN pantyhose

pullover

a piece of woollen clothing without buttons that you wear on the top half of your body SYN sweater

hook‧ah /ˈhʊkə/

a pipe for smoking drugs, that consists of a long tube and a container of water

nest

a place made or chosen by a bird to lay its eggs in and to live in:;a bird's nest

Laundromat

a place where you can go to wash your clothes in machines that work when you put coins in them

sb's spiritual home

a place where you feel you belong because you share the ideas and attitudes of that society;—spiritually adverb;

checkpoint

a place, especially on a border, where an official person examines vehicles or people:;They had to cross five military checkpoints. ;

'schedule

a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it: what's your schedule like?

Transportation verb: catch

a plane, a train, the bus

party

a political organization with particular beliefs and aims, which you can vote for in elections: I have always voted for the Labour Party

flour /flaʊə $ flaʊr/ [uncountable]

a powder that is made by crushing wheat or other grain and that is used for making bread, cakes etc

opium /ˈəʊpiəm/

a powerful illegal drug made from poppy seeds. Drugs made from opium are used to reduce severe pain(ترياک)

one whose job is teaching a sport

a professional coach

auction

a public meeting where land, buildings, paintings etc are sold to the person who offers the most money for them;at auction;The house was sold at auction.;put something up for auction (=try to sell something at an auction);This week 14 of his paintings were put up for auction.;auction house (=a company that arranges auctions);II. auction2 (also auction off) verb [transitive];to sell something at an auction ;

plaza

a public square or market place surrounded by buildings, especially in towns in Spanish-speaking countries

HEREDITARY

a quality or illness that is hereditary is passed from a parent to a child before the child is born: a hereditary peer ;;

an excuse that other people will believe

a reasonable/plausible excuse

mysticism

a religious practice in which people try to get knowledge of truth and to become united with God through prayer and meditation;;

'anklet

a ring or bracelet worn around your ankle

pan,SYN

a round metal container that you use for cooking, usually with one long handle and a lid SYN saucepan: a frying pan

'stripmall

a row of shops built together, with a large area for parking cars in front of it

barrier

a rule, problem etc that prevents people from doing something, or limits what they can do:;He advocated the removal of trade barriers.;barrier to;Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work.;barrier between;barriers between doctors and patients;

kindergarten

a school or class for children aged five;

subterfuge

a secret trick or slightly dishonest way of doing something, or the use of this: Sereni was lured to Moscow by subterfuge

campaign

a series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement:;an advertising campaign;campaign for/against;a campaign for equal rights;

tent /tent/ [countable]

a shelter consisting of a sheet of cloth supported by poles and ropes, used especially for camping: We looked for a flat spot where we could pitch our tent (=put up our tent).

polo shirt

a shirt with a collar and a few buttons near the neck, that is pulled on over the head ;;

overview

a short description of a subject or situation that gives the main ideas without explaining all the details;overview of; bss

pro‧file /ˈprəʊfaɪl $ ˈproʊ-/

a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place: a job profile

au‧di‧tion /ɔːˈdɪʃən $ ɒː-/

a short performance by an actor, singer etc that someone watches to judge if they are good enough to act in a play, sing in a concert etc: I've got an audition for the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra on Friday

shower

a short period of rain or snow:;More heavy showers are forecast for tonight.;a shower of rain;a snow shower;A few wintry showers are likely.;

catch‧phrase /ˈkætʃfreɪz/

a short well-known phrase made popular by an entertainer or politician, so that people think of that person when they hear it

types of bed

a single bed, a double bed, a king-sized bed, a queen-sized bed, bunk beds, a spare bed, a feather bed

anarchy

a situation in which there is no effective government in a country or no order in an organization or situation:The nation is in danger of falling into anarchy. The prison is close to anarchy.;The classroom was in a constant state of anarchy.;The prison is close to anarchy.;The classroom was in a constant state of anarchy

chef

a skilled cook, especially the main cook in a hotel or restaurant:; a master chef; a pastry chef

snack

a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals or instead of a meal

cot, SYN

a small bed with high sides for a baby or young child SYN crib

platoon

a small group of soldiers which is part of a company and is led by a lieutenant

dimple

a small hollow place on your skin, especially one on your cheek or chin when you smile: dimpled chin/cheek

'cottage

a small house in the country

bul‧let /ˈbʊlət, ˈbʊlɪt/

a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun

bullet

a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun: a bullet wound in the shoulder; He was killed by a single bullet

spout(n)

a small pipe on the side of a container that you pour liquid out through

herb

a small plant that is used to improve the taste of food, or to make medicine

shrimp, SYN /ʃrɪmp/ (plural shrimp or shrimps) [countable]

a small sea creature that you can eat, which has ten legs and a soft shell SYN prawn

مربي فوتبال

a soccer coach

tribe

a social group consisting of people of the same race who have the same beliefs, customs, language etc, and usually live in one particular area ruled by their leader

8 adj.s for drinks

a soft drink (=which does not contain alcohol); a soft drink (=which does not contain alcohol); a refreshing drink (=making you feel less tired or hot);a stiff/strong drink (=a drink with a lot of strong alcohol) ;a relaxing/leisurely drink (=that you drink in a slow relaxed way) ; a diet drink/a low-calorie drink (=containing less sugar than ordinary ones) ; celebratory drink (=in order to celebrate something) After winning the game, they went out for a celebratory drink;carbonated drink (=with bubbles of gas)

teddy bear

a soft toy in the shape of a bear=teddy

گلو درد

a sore throat

'spacious, OPP

a spacious house, room etc is large and has plenty of space to move around in OPP cramped, crowded, busy

spoiled

a spoiled person, especially a child, is rude and behaves badly because they have always been given what they want and allowed to do what they want:;Ben was a spoilt brat (=a spoiled and unpleasant child).;Their children were spoiled rotten (=very spoiled).;

شکم درد

a stomachache

tomb , grave , temple , shrine , cathedral

a stone structure above or below the ground where a dead person is buried:;the family tomb ; the place in the ground where a dead body is buried ;; a building where people go to worship, in the Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and Mormon religions;; a place that is connected with a holy event or holy person, and that people visit to pray;shrine of/to;his pilgrimage to the shrine of St John; the main church of a particular area under the control of a bishop:;St Paul's Cathedral;

'necklace

a string of jewels, beads etc or a thin gold or silver chain to wear around the neck: She was wearing a coral necklace

remorse

a strong feeling of being sorry that you have done something very bad ⇒ regret:;Throughout the trial, he had shown no remorse.;remorse for;She felt a pang of remorse for what she had done.;be full of remorse/be filled with remorse;Filled with remorse, Dillon decided to resign.;

porch

a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls

exchange student

a student who goes to a foreign country to study, usually as a part of a programme: an 18-year-old exchange student from France

bathos

a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important: The play is too sentimental and full of bathos.;

di'saster

a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering: One hundred and twenty people died in China's worst air disaster

pang

a sudden feeling of pain, sadness etc;pang of jealousy/guilt/remorse/regret;She felt a sudden pang of guilt.;hunger pangs ;

tower

a tall narrow building either built on its own or forming part of a castle, church etc:a castle with tall towers: a castle with tall towers

pil‧lar /ˈpɪlə $ -ər/

a tall upright round post used as a support for a roof or bridge: Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof

cab

a taxi

cough syrup[C]

a thick, usually sweet, liquid containing medicine that helps you to stop coughing

en‧ve‧lope /ˈenvələʊp/[countable]

a thin paper cover in which you put and send a letter: envelopes and stamps

meal‧time /ˈmiːltaɪm/ noun [uncountable and countable]

a time during the day when you have a meal: The only time I see the boys is at mealtimes

fork

a tool you use for picking up and eating food, with a handle and three or four points:;Put the knives and forks on the table.;

دندان درد

a toothache/ teethache

a very good coach

a top coach

hip hop

a type of popular dance music with a regular heavy beat and spoken words

chimney

a vertical pipe that allows smoke from a fire to pass out of a building up into the air, or the part of this pipe that is above the roof:;We can't light a fire because the chimney hasn't been swept.;

king-sized bed

a very big double bed

queen-size bed

a very big double bed

sky‧scrap‧er /ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə $ -ər/

a very tall modern city building

'lobby, SYN

a wide passage or large hall just inside the entrance to a public building SYN foyer

'widow

a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again

bru'nette

a woman with dark brown hair

a very good excuse

a wonderful/perfect excuse

tongue twister

a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly

prepo'sition

a word that is used before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to show place, time, direction etc. In the phrase 'the trees in the park', 'in' is a preposition

'pronoun

a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, such as 'he' instead of 'Peter' or 'the man'

sales

a) [plural] the total number of products that are sold during a particular period of time:;Britain's retail sales (=all the things sold to the public in shops) jumped 3.2 percent in April.;sales of;Sales of automobiles are up this year.;We did not reach our summer sales targets.;The company no longer releases its sales figures (=how much money it makes or loses from sales).;in sales;We grossed more than $500,000 in sales last year.;b) [uncountable] the part of a company that deals with selling products:;She found a job in sales.;a sales manager;a worldwide sales force of 1,100;

spot

a) a small round red area on someone's skin that shows that they are ill : He had a high fever and was covered in spots; British English a small raised red mark on someone's skin, especially on their face SYN pimple : Becka was very self-conscious about her spots

run riot

a) if your imagination, emotions, thoughts etc run riot, you cannot or do not control them:;Manufacturers have let their imaginations run riot to create new computer games.;b) if people run riot, they behave in a violent, noisy, and uncontrolled way:;Some people let their children run riot.;c) if a plant runs riot, it grows very quickly

within/in sight of something

a) in the area where you can see something:;We camped within sight of the lake.;At last they came in sight of the city.;b) in a position where you will soon be able to get something or achieve something:;Dan was now within sight of the championship

in/within sight

a) inside the area that you can see:;I glanced around me quickly. There was no one in sight; b) likely to happen soon:;Six months from the start of the strike, there is still no end in sight.;Peace is now in sight.;

make friends

a) make friends to become friendly with people:;Jenny has always found it easy to make friends at school.;b) make friends with somebody to become friendly with someone:;He made friends with an old fisherman

hard on

a) to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them:;Perhaps I'm too hard on her.;b) to have a bad effect on someone:;Divorce can be very hard on children.;: I don't like to be hard on you

run out

a) to use all of something and not have any more left:;I've got money you can borrow if you run out.;run out of;They ran out of money and had to abandon the project.;b) if something is running out, there will soon be none left:;We must act now because time is running out.;My patience was running out.;His luck had run out (=there was none left).;run out of steam informal (also run out of gas American English) to have no more energy or no longer be interested in what you are doing:;The team seemed to have run out of gas

would/do you mind ...?

a) used to politely ask someone's permission;would you mind if;Would you mind if I opened the window?;Would you mind if I came with you?;I'll have to leave early, do you mind?;b) used to politely ask someone to do something;would you mind doing something?;Would you mind waiting outside?;'Do you want me to carry this bag for you?' 'Would you mind?';c) used to angrily ask or tell someone to do something;would you mind doing something?;Would you mind telling me what you're doing in here?;Would you mind shutting up for a minute?;

or else

a) used to say that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something:;Hurry up or else we'll miss the train.;b) used to say what another possibility might be:;The salesman will reduce the price or else include free insurance.;c) used to threaten someone:;Hand over the money, or else!;

شيطون

'arch

جو

'barley

7 adj.s of girl's beauty

'beautiful; at'tractive; 'pretty; 'gorgeous; good-looking; cute; 'ugly

nice

'friendly, kind, or po'lite

5 adj.s of boy's beauty

'handsome; good looking; at'tractive; cute; ugly

school lunch

(=a lunch provided by a school) Free school lunches are provided for the poorest children

weekend cottage/cabin etc

(=a place in the country where you spend your weekends)

be in tears

(=be crying) When Evelyn put the phone down, she was in tears.

enjoy fame

(=be famous) The town briefly enjoyed fame as the location of a popular television series

enjoy yourself

(=be happy in a particular situation);Julia was just starting to enjoy herself.;

red nose

(=because you are cold or drunk, or have a cold) His nose was red from the cold

shoot to fame

(=become famous very suddenly) She shot to fame as a result of her victory in the Olympics

tanned complexion

(=brown because of the sun) He looked distinguished with his greying hair and tanned complexion

at the slightest excuse

(=for any reason, however unimportant) She comes to our house at the slightest excuse

fresh/healthy complexion

(=healthy and clean) a young man with a fresh complexion

glowing/rosy/pink complexion

(=healthy and pink - used about women or children)

entertainment value

(=how enjoyable something is to watch) The films provide great entertainment value for kids

pale

(=lacking colour and often not healthy) Her complexion was pale and spotty

fair

(=light in colour; DON'T use white foe complexion white:looking pale, because of illness, strong emotion etc: Are you OK? You're white as a sheet (=extremely pale)) People with fair complexions should use plenty of sunscreen

planning permission

(=official permission to build a new building or change an existing one ) The bank has applied for planning permission to redevelop a 1¼-acre site.;

hooked nose

(=one that curves down at the end) an old man with a hooked nose

snub nose,SYN

(=one that curves up at the end)SYN turned up: She had big eyes and a turned-up nose

broken nose

(=one that is not straight because the bone has been broken by a hit or fall) a boxer with a broken nose

flawless/perfect complexion

(=perfect and with no marks or spots) Foundation is meant to give the illusion of a flawless complexion:

on the pitch

(=playing a sport);Jack was on the pitch for his school in the Senior Cup Final.;

florid complexion

(=red in an unpleasant or unhealthy way) He had the florid complexion of a man who drinks too much

ruddy complexion

(=reddish in colour - used mostly about men) He had black hair and a ruddy complexion

sallow complexion

(=slightly yellow) A sallow complexion can be a sign of illness

receding chin

(=sloping backwards in an unattractive way) Half the boys in my college seemed to have receding chins

weak chin

(=small in proportion to the face, and not square in shape) He's grown a beard to cover his weak chin

blocked nose

(=so that you cannot breathe easily) My nose is really blocked and I can't smell anything

olive complexion

(=the skin colour that is typical of Greek, Italian, Turkish etc people) These colours complement an olive complexion

believe so

(=think that something is true): Have they arrived yet?' 'Yes, I believe so.'

seek fame

(=try to become famous) He sought fame in the jazz clubs of New York

runny nose

(=with liquid coming out) A runny nose may be the result of an allergic reaction

unshaven chin

(=with short hairs on because a man has not shaved) His combed hair looked oddly neat against his unshaven chin

bad complexion

(=with spots or marks on it)

blotchy complexion

(=with unpleasant red patches of colour in the skin)

clear complexion

(=without any spots) Eating fresh fruit and vegetables will help keep your complexion clear

Mole vs. Spot

(Mole is darker than spot); Mole: a small dark brown mark on the skin that is slightly higher than the skin around it

homesick

(adj)feeling unhappy because you are a long way from your home: I feel homesick for Iran

"attractive" is used for

visual things

into'nation ; /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/

voice changes in order to add meaning to what you are saying, for example by going up at the end of a question: intonation patterns

صدا

voice:people/ sound : things ; he has a good voice

منتظر اتوبوس بودن

wait for a bus

[walking is a good exercise]

walking is good exercise

wish

want=like wish to do something;I wish to make a complaint.;If you wish to discuss this matter further please do not hesitate to contact me.;You may leave now, if you wish.;(just) as you wish (=used in formal situations to tell someone you will do what they want);'I'd like it to be ready by six.' 'Just as you wish, sir.';The cook will prepare whatever you wish.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say want rather than wish:;▪ I want to see the manager.;▪ You can go, if you want.

hungry

wanting to eat something: If you get hungry, there's some cold chicken in the fridge.

yesterday I met sb. His name ... Ali

was

I ... Born in Mahshahr. I ... Tehran when I was 6. so, I ... in Tehran

was; came; grew up

when ... you born; when ... your birthday

was; is; My birthday is on+month+day th(-sunday)

Soccer in Iran is a ..

waste of money

آبسردکن

water dispenser

ابشار

waterfall

مي خواهيم با هم بدويم

we are going to run together

[we got married with together]

we got married *to* *each other*; together: we to someone or some group

[we have a dinner together]

we have dinner together

سالروز ازدواج/مرگ

wedding/death anniversary

infamous

well known for being bad or evil:;an infamous killer;Los Angeles' infamous smog; This area is infamous for drugs and prostitution

good-tempered

well-behaved

what's your job

what do you do

[which floor is your apartment on?]

what floor do you live on?

what's the matter

what's the problem; what's wrong with you

what's the matter

what's wrong with you/ him/ her,.../ sb

what do you do?

what's your job?

کي بر مي گردي؟

when do you come back?

[living alone, you have more privace]

when you live alone, you have more privace

when and what time do you play?

when--> on sundays; what time--> 10 o'clock

[where are you going to stay at]

where are you going to stay

Are these sentences right or wrong. Correct them ...

where necessary

[who are you going to buy clothes for?]

who are you going to buy clothes?

difference: who, what in introducing people

who: name, relation; what: job, personality, apparence

ˌopen-ˈminded,OPP

willing to consider and accept other people's ideas and opinions OPP narrow-minded;open-minded about/towards;She's quite open-minded about sex.;—open-mindedness noun [uncountable] ;

I am bored ... my job

with

I am not satisfied ... my job any more

with

The names are familiar ... me

with

fight ... him

with

she leaves ... my sister

with

I'm working ... my computer. I'm working ... my project

with; on

nonstop

without any stops or pauses: nonstop flight to Los Angeles; She talked nonstop for over an hour

go ... breakfast

without: I often go to work without breakfast

present perfect: with/without for&since

without: each verb can be used: time expression is important: definite--> NO connection with now--> DON'T use pp; indefinite--> use pp; with: non-,o,entary verbs can be used

anxious

worried about something: He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery; We were anxious for you; She gave me an anxious look; She was anxious (that) it might be cancer

self-conscious

worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you: Jerry's pretty self-conscious about his weight

کادو کردن/ باز کردن کادو

wrap up/ unwrap up a present

کشتي گيري

wrestling

مچ دست

wrist

stationary(n)

writing materials such as paper, cards, envelopes

dote on/upon somebody

written to love someone very much, especially a much younger family member, and behave very kindly to them: He dotes on his grandchildren

تحويل سال

year delivery

Is dinner ready ...? I'm absolutely ...

yet, starving

you can't miss it

you can find it easily

I confused

you describe badly

o'pinion

your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject; Do not say 'according to my opinion'. Say in my opinion. Do not say 'say your opinion'. Say give your opinion or express your opinion.

widen, OPP

{IT/T}to become wider, or to make something wider OPP narrow: The river widens and splits

bliss

{UC}perfect happiness or enjoyment: didn't have to get up till 11 - it was sheer bliss

grape /ɡreɪp/ [countable]

انگور

tatoo=tattoo

خالکوبي

وسيله اي که خانم ها با آن موهايشان را مي بندند

one one

يک به يک ;

brimstone

گوگرد

articulate

able to talk easily and effectively about things, especially difficult subjects OPP inarticulate:;bright, articulate 17-year-olds;a highly articulate speaker;

a'stute, SYN

able to understand situations or behaviour very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself SYN clever: an astute politician

how tall is she?

about 6 feet 2.; 1 meter 88

with invitation use accept/agree

متهم

accused

هخامنشي

achaemeanian

[familiar with sb]

acquainted with sb. DON'T use familiar with fo people: familiar with sth

preschool

adj. relating to the time in a child's life before they are old enough to go to school:;preschool children;noun [uncountable and countable] American English;a school for children between two and five years of age SYN kindergarten British English

bloody

adj. spoken especially British English;used to emphasize what you are saying, in a slightly rude way:;It's bloody cold out there!;That's a bloody good idea.;Bloody hell!;

make comparitive form

adj.s: one syllable, two syllable ending in (-y-->-ier); more for adj.s of two or more syllable; er OR more for some adj.s, especially: clever, narrow, quite, shallow, simple; adv.s ending in -ly: more; Irregulare: good/well--> better; bad/badly-->worse; far--> farther OR further; Further( but not farther) can also mean more or edditional

alike

adjective [not before noun];very similar:;My mother and I are alike in many ways.;

imposing

adjective;large, impressive, and appearing important:;an imposing building;He's a tall, quietly spoken, but imposing figure.;

... the mirror

adjust

پذيرش(بيمارستان)

admitting area

out

adv. NOT BURNING/SHINING a fire or light that is out is no longer burning or shining:;Turn the lights out when you go to bed.;The firefighters arrived, and within minutes the fire was out.;Put out a fire/ a cigarette/ a light; turn out a lightblow out a candle: suddenly all the lights in the building went out; we managed to put the fire out; I turned the lights out before leaving;

later in tenses

adv.--> can be used for future; time expression--> just for past

aerobic(s)

aerobics

eventually

after a long time, or after a lot of things have happened:;He eventually escaped and made his way back to England.;Eventually, she got a job and moved to London. ;

place of adj.s

after tobe, look, seem , sound , taste ,

sinful

against religious rules, or doing something that is against religious rules Dancing was believed to be sinful.;a wicked, sinful man;2. very wrong or bad:;a sinful waste of taxpayers' money;—sinfully adverb ;

forms of allow

allow, allowed, allowed

By+my, your, his, her,its, our, their+self

alone: without other people: I like living by myself; Did you go to Hawaii by yourself<

C/CU: drinks

always plu.

C/CU: noodles رشته فرنگى ،ماکارونى

always plu.

C/UC: beans

always plu.

C/UC: grains

always plu.

C/UC: potato chips

always plu.

C/UC: vegetables

always plu.

C/CU: crackers

always plu. a hard dry type of bread in small flat shapes, that is often eaten with cheese

C/UC: nuts

always plu. باقلا،لوبيا

loyal

always supporting your friends, principles, country etc OPP disloyal;loyal to;The army has remained loyal to the government.;a loyal supporter of the team;her many years of loyal service to the company;loyal customers;—loyally adverb:;He has always loyally defended the president. ;

'nosy

always wanting to find out things that do not concern you, especially other people's private affairs: I have nosy neighbour. Thay make me crazy

I ... free

I ... the MSc cource

am taking

شخصى که نه زياد بعالم باطنى توجه دارد نه بعالم خارجى ،ادم معتدل و ميانه رو

ambivert

shot /ʃɒt $ ʃɑːt/

an act of firing a gun: He pulled out his rifle and fired three shots

'outcry

an angry protest by a lot of ordinary people: a national outcry about the lack of gun control laws

bind(n)

an annoying or difficult situation:;It's a real bind having to look after the children.;in a bind;Caroline was really in a bind. ;

flat

an apartment~=apartment building

'golf course

an area of land where golf is played

'suburb

an area where people live which is away from the centre of a town or city(downtown): a London suburb

'awkward, SYN

an awkward person is deliberately unhelpful SYN difficult: The staff wanted to go home and they were getting awkward about a meeting starting so late

گوش درد

an earache

statue

an image of a person or animal that is made in solid material such as stone or metal and is usually large: Churchill's statue stands outside the parliament building

wound

an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet: A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound; It took several months for his wounds to heal

souvenir,SYN

an object that you buy or keep to remind yourself of a special occasion or a place you have visited SYN memento;souvenir of;I bought a model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of Paris; a souvenir programme from the Gala Concert ;;

BID

an offer to pay a particular price for something, especially at an auction

birth certificate

an official document showing when and where you were born, and your parents' names

pageant

an organized public show, often performed outdoors, where people dress in decorated or unusual clothes:;a colourful pageant of Scotland's past;

beer belly

an unattractive fat stomach caused by drinking too much beer

sb is a character

an unusual humorous person

sprite

ancestor's spirit: روح

[angry from sb]

angry at/with; angry about/over : angry with/at;'Please don't be angry with me,' she said.;Jesse laughed, which made me even angrier.;angry about/over;Kate's still so angry about the whole thing.;angry (that);The workers are angry that they haven't been paid for the week.;

transportation verb: ride

animals, bike, motorcycle

مچ پا

ankle

dirt

any substance that makes things dirty, such as mud or dust: His face and hands were black with dirt

There aren't ... curtains ... window

any, on

Four parts of food

appetizer, main dish, dessert, beverage

[ are there some curtains on the window]

are there any curtains on the window

waiters ... going to ... "happy birthday" ... me

are, sing, to

زير بغل

armpit=underarm

There are a lot of windows ... the house

around

different parts of the world

around the world=**each and corner of the world**

punc‧tu‧al /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/, SYN

arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged SYN on time: She's always very punctual for appointments; be punctual!

to tell someone something that is surprising, interesting, or useful

as it happens/it just so happens : As it happens, I know someone who might be able to help

فوق ديپلم

associate degree

I have a job ... a hotel

The class will be ... 9:00 AM tomorrow

They had a fight ... the break

have lunch ... that new Japanese restaurant

start your tour ... somewhere

preposition: ... university; ... school; ... Respina talk

at, at, at

stay at/in a place

at--> for a short tim: stay at a hotel

They are .../... a party/gathering

at/in

... a party; ... a gathering

at; in

... Norooz; ... holiday

at; on

'auburn

auburn hair is a reddish brown colour

غيبت کردن

backbite-->backbiting[UC] unpleasant or cruel talk about someone who is not present: All this backbiting is destroying company morale

they wear baseball caps ...

backward

disgraceful

bad, embarrassing, or unacceptable:;bad, embarrassing, or unacceptable:;

grumpy, SYN

bad-tempered and easily annoyed SYN irritable:;Mina's always a bit grumpy first thing in the morning.;

(verb) ... a cake

bake

adj. of apppearance about hair

bald

آرايشگر مردانه/زنانه

barber/ hairstailist

bare

bare head:bald

adj.s for head

bare; bald; blonde; dark; grey: (=with blonde etc hair);narrow; wide; high: I saw my son's blond head sticking out from the car window.;

be on the verge of tears

be close to/on the verge of tears (=be almost crying) He could see that May was close to tears

be interested in vs. enjoy

be interested in--> learn; I'm interested in stew: I want to learn making stew NOT have stew; have stew--> I enjoy stew

to often drop or break things because you move awkwardly or roughly

be like a bull in a china shop: Rob's like a bull in a china shop - don't let him near those plants. She's like a bull in a china shop when it comes to dealing with people's feelings. (= behaves in a way that offends people)

be so upset that you cry

be moved to tears (=be so upset that you cry) Members of the audience were moved to tears by her singing.;

try to behave yourself

be polite

Auxliary verbs

be, do, have(pp), modal verbs(can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, need, had better, and dare)

خرس

bear

he is angry ... money

because of the

Forms of become

become, became, become

spare beda

bed for visitors to your home: Come and stay any time - we have a spare bed

feather bed

bed with feathers in the mattress

I've never ... diet

been on a

[on next Friday]

before next and last don't use on: next Friday. But with possessive adjectives, we can use

already

before now, or before a particular time: The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built; The performance had already started when we arrived

begin vs. start

begin: more formal

behave/act/treat/conform/conduct

behave: to do and say things that are good, bad, normal, strange etc; act: to behave in a particular way, especially in a way that seems unusual, surprising, or annoying to other people: What makes grown people act like that?; treat: to behave towards someone or deal with someone in a particular way: She said that he'd treated her really badly throughout their two-year marriage;I'm sick of my parents treating me like a child; conform: to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave:Young people sometimes want to rebel and therefore they refuse to conform|Society typically brings pressure on individuals and groups to conform to civilised norms; conduct yourself (formal) to behave in a particular way, especially in a situation where people will notice and judge the way you behave: Public figures have a duty to conduct themselves responsibly, even in their private lives

ag'gressive

behaving in an angry threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone: Jim's voice became aggressive

polite, OPP

behaving or speaking in a way that is correct for the social situation you are in, and showing that you are careful to consider other people's needs and feelings OPP rude, impolite

on everyone's lips

being talked about by everyone: an actress whose name is on everyone's lips

قبول داشته باشي يا نه...

believe it or not ...

'optimistic, OPP

believing that good things will happen in the future OPP pessimistic: Bankers are cautiously optimistic about the country's economic future

... for travel are

best times

preferable

better or more suitable:;For this dish, fresh herbs and garlic are preferable.;In warm weather, clothes made of natural fabrics are infinitely preferable (=much better).;preferable to (doing) something;Being taught in a small group is far preferable to being in a large, noisy classroom.;

one on one

between only two people:;Virtually all instruction is in small groups or one-on-one.;—one-on-one adverb:;Often, the employer just called in the drivers and bargained with them directly, one-on-one.

there is a ... tree in the yard

big

12 adj.s for nose

big, small, long, straight, runny, snotty, blocked, red, snub/turned up, Roman/aquiline, broken + nose

Forms of bite

bite, bit, bitten

two adjectives for tears

bitter/hot: bitter tears She wept bitter tears of remorse for leaving her children behind.;▪ hot tears I felt the hot tears running down my face

adj.s for coffee

black (=without milk)/ white (=with milk) / fresh (=made very recently using coffee beans)/ strong/weak I needed some strong coffee to wake me up./ milky (=with a lot of milk in it) / decaffeinated (also decaf informal) (=without any caffeine in it);

blame

blame somebody/something for something;Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.;The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.;The decision to increase interest rates was widely blamed (=blamed by many people) for the crisis.;blame something on somebody/something;One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.;The crash was blamed on pilot error.;2. somebody/something is to blame (for something) used to say that someone or something is responsible for something bad:;Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.;partly/largely/entirely etc to blame;Television is partly to blame.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say something is someone's fault , rather than saying they are to blame:;▪ He was to blame for the accident. ➔ The accident was his fault.;Everybody blamed me for the accident. Everybody said that I was to blame for the accident. Everybody blamed the accident on me.

manual occupations

blue-collar occupations (=jobs in which you work using your hands) People from manual occupations are most at risk of experiencing poverty.;

تخم مرغ آب پز

boiled egg

C/UC: climate

bot [uncountable and countable] the typical weather conditions in a particular area:;Los Angeles' warm dry climate;climate change (=a permanent change in weather conditions);2. [countable] an area with particular weather conditions:;These flowers will not grow in cold climates. [uncountable and countable] the typical weather conditions in a particular area:;Los Angeles' warm dry climate;climate change (=a permanent change in weather conditions);2. [countable] an area with particular weather conditions:;These flowers will not grow in cold climates.;h

C, UC: entertainment

both

time-out

break

he ... her girlfriend home

bring

bring vs. take

bring sth here; take sth to some place(=go OR come)

make somebody cry

bring tears to sb's eyes, reduce somebody to tears (=make somebody cry) This unexpected kindness brings tears to my eyes

suddenly start crying

burst into tears, break down in tears

کرايه اتوبوس

bus fare

ايستگاه اتوبوس

bus stop

bushy

bushy hair or fur grows thickly

adj.s for eyebrow

bushy;thick; one eyebrow(joined)

working lunch

business lunch: (=a lunch during which you also do business) She was having a business lunch with a customer

کشتارگاه/قصابي

butchery, butcher's

پروانه

butterfly

I tolerated it ... cigarette

by vs. with

by, with;By is used, especially after passive verbs, to say who or what does something:;▪ The article was written by a university professor.;▪ She was hit by a truck.;With is used after verbs that describe a state rather than an action:;▪ The books were covered with dust (NOT by dust).;▪ Her house is always filled with music.;By is used to say what means or method someone uses to do something:;▪ He replied by email.;With is used to say what tool is used to do something:;▪ Clean the surface thoroughly with a wire brush (NOT by a wire brush).;

کلم

cabbage

کاهو

cabbage; 1. [uncountable and countable] a large round vegetable with thick green or purple leaves;2. [countable] British English informal someone who cannot think, move, speak etc as a result of brain injury SYN vegetable

Everyone ... me Ebi

calls

My family ... me Ebi

calls

cool

calm and not nervous, upset, or excited

شتر

camel

clothes for leisure

cap; T-shirt; shorts; socks;sneakers; hat; sweater; gloves; boats; pajamas; swimsuits

'cautious

careful to avoid danger or risks

she is ... a bag/ umbrella/ briefcase

carrying

4 types of friends

casual friends: not very friend; closed friend;body/bro: very close friends; wingman: help you even more than a bro

جلب توجه پسرها

catch boys' attention

رسيدن/نرسيدن به اتوبوس

catch/ miss the bus

گل کلم

cauliflower

منقل

chauffer: Lee is a teriible chauffer. He is really bad tempered

checked

checked cloth has a regular pattern of differently coloured squares: a checked blouse

قفسه سينه

chest

kids

children: they are Jim's kids

چانه

chin

مرتب کردن خانه

clean the house

succinct

clearly expressed in a few words - use this to show approval SYN concise:;a succinct explanation;

smart

clever and attractive

'artful, SYN

clever at deceiving people SYN cunning, crafty, sly: artful tricks

draw the curtains

close the curtains

pull the curtains

close the curtains

a store that sells clothes

clothing store

4 Types of schools

coeducational(girl+boy)/ single-sex/ boarding(morning:study+night:sleep)/private~=state school

describe eye

color+size

light entertainment

comedy

مجتمع مسکوني

complex

consult vs. consult with

consult sb:sb has more knowledge than you: you consult your parents; consult with sb: the same level of knowledge

toxic

containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances

toxic

containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances : fumes from a toxic waste dump;toxic chemicals/substances/fumes/gases;Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.;a highly toxic pesticide;—toxicity

موزه هنرهاي معاصر

contemporary art museum

همشهري

continued efforts to alleviate poverty and raise living standards

could vs was/were able to

coul-->general ability. If you want to say that sb did sth in a specific situation, use was/were able to OR managed to NOT could: We did not know were David was, but we managed to/were able to find him in the end. Compare: Jack was an excellent tennis player when he was younger. He cold beat anybody(=he had the general ability to beat anybody). Jack and Ted played tennis yesterday. Ted played very well, but Jack managed to/was able to beat him(=he managed to beat him this time). The negative (could not) is possible in all situations.My grandfather could not swim. Ted played well, but he could not beat Jack.

nap

countable] a short sleep, especially during the day;have/take a nap;I usually take a nap after lunch.;an afternoon nap;

housband + wife

couples

tennis...

court

cover-up.

cover something ↔ up to put something over something else so that it cannot be seen:;Her legs were so swollen she had to cover them up.;

greasy,SYN

covered in grease or oil SYN oily:;a shampoo for greasy hair;The food was heavy and greasy.;

mud‧dy /ˈmʌdi/

covered with mud or containing mud: Take your boots off outside if they're muddy

lumpy

covered with or containing small solid pieces:;a lumpy mattress ;

حبه قند

cube of sugar

برنامه آشپزي

culinary/ cokking peograms(TV)

کنجکاوي

curious(+); Nozy(-)

بالش

cushion

cut up

cut something ↔ up to cut something into small pieces:;Could you cut the pizza up, please?;cut something ↔ up into;He cut the paper up into little pieces.;

dingy

dark, dirty, and in bad condition:;a dingy room;a dingy side-street;n:dinginess

gloom‧y /ˈɡluːmi/,OPP,SYN

dark, especially in a way that makes you feel sad SYN dim light OPP bright

decide

decide between something;A meeting was called to decide between the three candidates.;decide for yourself (=make your own decision);You must decide for yourself.;The trainees decide among themselves what programs to take.;decide against/in favour of (doing) something;He eventually decided against telling her.;After a long discussion, they decided in favour of (=chose) the older applicant.;decide in favour of/against somebody;If the Parole Board decides in his favour, the prisoner will be released.;decide on/upon something phrasal verb;to choose something or someone after thinking carefully:;Have you decided on a date for the wedding? ; in restaurants: deside on

beat the pants off somebody

defeat them easily

stubborn

determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable: Why are you so stubborn?; I've got a very stubborn streak (=a tendency to be stubborn); Paul can be as stubborn as a mule (=very stubborn).;

amb'itious

determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc: he is hghly ambitious

... a phone number/area code,...

dial

C/UC gold-fish

died: UC; alive: C

If you are saying that something happened continuously, use all ... 'day', 'week' etc

directly before:It rained all day yesterday.;

(verb) ... gymnastics

... a crossword puzzle

باغباني کردن

do gardening

انجام تکاليف

do homework(UC)

انجام يوگا، جودو ...

do judo, aerobics, youga(UC)

make an ass of yourself

do something stupid or embarrassing

شستن ظرف

do the dishes(plu.)

انجام کارهاي خانه

do the housework(UC)

اتو کردن

do the ironing(UC)

شستن لباس

do the laundry(UC): I do the laundry; My father does the laundry; I don't do the laundry; He doesn't do the laundry

انجام کارهاي اداره

do the office work(UC)

clean carpets with a vacuum cleaner

do the vacuuming

verb for treadmeal

do treadmill: he does treadmill

[Is his house a detached house?]

does he live in a detached house?

Two of my friends are ... PHD

doing

used when you are advising someone not to do something but you think that they will do it in spite of your advice

don't blame me spoken : Buy it then, but don't blame me when it breaks down.;

intentional

done deliberately and usually intended to cause harm SYN deliberate OPP unintentional:;I did trip him, but it wasn't intentional.;intentionally adverb:;intentionally vague promises ;;

ميمون

donkey

غبغب

double chin: a fold of loose skin under someone's chin that looks like a second chin

7 adj.s for chin

double; pointed; weak; determined; square; receding; unshaven;

two types of shoes

dress shoes; tennis shoes

راندن/پارک کردن/کنار زدن ماشين

drive/park/pull over a car

drop out (of), resign (from), expel, fire

drop out & expel: for university, edcation; resign&fire: for job; drop out&resign: You quit; expel(only passive)&fire(passive or active): they kick you out

a pharmacy/drogstore sells...

drugs(both prescription and nonprescription), baby products, shampoo,...

'sensitive

easily upset or offended by events or things that people say: a very sensitive child

آسان گير، بي خيال ,OPP

easygoing, uptight

... alll your dinner

eat up

parents .../... kids

educate/bring up

آرنج

elbow

OPP of reserved

emotional

he is at university--> his wife is ... home. He is home--> his wife is ... home

empty; at

enjoy(Grammar)

enjoy doing something;Young children enjoy helping around the house.;Enjoy always has an object and is never followed by a preposition or an infinitive with 'to': Did you enjoy it (NOT Did you enjoy)? | I enjoyed my trip (NOT I enjoyed to/with my trip). | He enjoys playing football (NOT He enjoys to play football).;

enjoy

enjoy doing something;Young children enjoy helping around the house.;enjoy yourself (=be happy in a particular situation);Julia was just starting to enjoy herself.;► Enjoy always has an object and is never followed by a preposition or an infinitive with 'to': Did you enjoy it (NOT Did you enjoy)? | I enjoyed my trip (NOT I enjoyed to/with my trip). | He enjoys playing football (NOT He enjoys to play football).;

Four adjctives for breakfast

enormous, light, cooked, continental

ethnic

ethnic cooking/fashion/design etc cooking, fashion etc from countries that are far away, which seems very different and unusual:;ethnic music; ethnic food

[every 4 hours]

every 4 hours: correct

on Fridays

every Friday

[every bedrooms has a closet]

every bedroom has a closet

every now and then

every now and again or every so often : at intervals : OCCASIONALLY! At the end of sentences!;;

يک روز در ميان

every other day

all day

every time in a day: They serve breakfast all day

Mony is not ...

everything

[excuse of my brother]

excuse my brother

... an idea

express NOT say or tell

drastic

extreme and sudden;drastic action/measures;NATO threatened drastic action if its terms were not met.;drastic cuts in government spending;Drastic changes are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.;—drastically /-kli/ adverb:;The size of the army was drastically cut.

a'trocious

extremely bad SYN awful: atrocious weather;Her singing was atrocious

fabulous, SYN

extremely good or impressive SYN wonderful: You look fabulous!

mis‧e‧ra‧ble /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

extremely unhappy, for example because you feel lonely, cold, or badly treated: Jan looks really miserable

disgusting

extremely unpleasant and making you feel sick SYN revolting:;Rubbish was piled everywhere - it was disgusting.;Smoking is a really disgusting habit.;

in person

face to face: I've never met him in person

made in a factory, in Germany, at home

factory-made/German-made/homemade

legitimate

fair or reasonable:;That's a perfectly legitimate question.;Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.;

forms of fall

fall, fell, fallen

forms of far

far, farther/further, farthest/ furthest

2 ways of expressing that you are not good

feel+ adj/ have+ noun

'isolated, SYN

feeling alone and unable to meet or speak to other people SYN lonely: Young mothers often feel isolated

proud

feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved with or related to: Her parents are very proud of her; His past record is certainly something to be proud of

'jealous

feeling unhappy because someone has something that you wish you had

faint

feeling weak and as if you are about to become unconscious because you are very ill, tired, or hungry: The heat made him feel quite faint

tense

feeling worried, uncomfortable, and unable to relax OPP relaxed:;Is anything wrong? You look a little tense.;

Forms of fight

fight, fought, fought

not to cry

fight/choke/blink back tears : She fought back tears yesterday as she re-lived the horrors she had seen

بنزين زدن

fill up with petrol: my car is out of petrol

Two structures for find

find somebody something;Tony asked us to find him office facilities in New York.;find somebody/something doing something;Often he found her quietly weeping alone

انگشت دست/پا

finger(s)/toe(s)

stiff

firm, hard, or difficult to bend

compound nouns--> stress on the ... noun

first

تنگ ماهي

fish bowl

floral,SYN

flowered: made of flowers or decorated with flowers or pictures of flowers:;a scarf with a bold floral pattern

side dish

food eaten with the main course, such as vegetables: I'll have the salad as a side dish.

crisp

food that is crisp is pleasantly hard or firm when you bite it SYN crispy OPP soggy:;a crisp green salad;a crisp juicy apple;Cook the pastry until it is crisp and golden.;

nutritious

food that is nutritious is full of the natural substances that your body needs to stay healthy or to grow properly:;Nuts and fruit make nutritious snacks.;The cookbook contains many simple yet highly nutritious meals. ;

a supermarket sells

foods and household goods

dress ... dinner

for

go out... dinner

for

he works ... 8 hours a day

for

pay ... dinner

for

pereposition fo periods of time

for

take sb out ... dinner

for

we shopped ... groceries

for

meet sb ... lunch

for : I said I'd meet him for lunch if I could get away

quite a while

for a long time

forever

for all future time:;I wanted that moment to last forever.;Many valuable works of art were lost forever

nursery school

for children under 5

single bed

for one person: There was only a single bed

The accident was my fault, so I have to pay ... ...

for repairs (Repair:[uncountable and countable] something that you do to fix a thing that is damaged, broken, or not working;repair to;repairs to the roads;make/carry out/do repairs;His job is to make minor repairs on all the machines.;The church tower is in need of repair)

for vs. to

for-->usage; to--> purposes&usage: I'm going tio go there to visit my parents(just to NOT for); I use it to make/for making phone calls

be free ... lunch

for: Are you free for lunch today?

be closed ... lunch

for: The post office is closed for lunch between 12:30 and 1:30

have sth ... breakfast/lunch/dinner

for: have cereal for breakfast

break ... lunch

for: we plan to break for lunch around 12

spoken used when you are going to say or do something that might seem rude or offensive and you want it to seem more polite

forgive me: Forgive me, but I don't think that is relevant.;forgive me for asking/saying etc something (also forgive my asking/saying etc);Forgive me for saying so, but that's nonsense.;Forgive my phoning you so late.;

Roman nose,SYN

formal (=one that curves out near the top) He had a thin face with an aquiline noseSYN aquiline

CONVERSANT

formal having knowledge or experience of something;conversant with;Staff members are conversant with the issues.;

forgive a debt/loan

formal if a country or organization forgives a debt, it says that the money does not have to be paid back SYN write off:;Saudi Arabia's decision to forgive the debt owed by the poorest Islamic countries ;

be predicated on/upon something

formal if an action or event is predicated on a belief or situation, it is based on it or depends on it:;The company's expansion was predicated on the assumption that sales would rise

dispose

formal to arrange things or put them in their places:;Chinese vases are disposed around the gallery.;

adj for weather

fresh, nice, cold, windy, cloudy, rainy

'hospitable, OPP

friendly, welcoming, and generous to visitors OPP inhospitable

afraid, SYN

frightened because you think that you may get hurt or that something bad may happen SYN scared: He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him; The government was afraid of a public outcry

scary

frightening:;a scary moment;a scary movie;The book is both scary and funny

I graduated ... AUT ... comm.

from, in

race ... Alaska ... Arizona ... cold, wind

from, to, through

a grocery(store) sells...

fruit and vegetables; other food items(smaller than a supermarket)

[fruits are rude]

fruits are raw

vibrant

full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive SYN lively:;Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.;She was sixteen, young and vibrant.;

humorous

funny and enjoyable: The film has some mildly humorous moments.

humorous

funny and enjoyable:;humorous stories;The film has some mildly humorous moments.;—humorously adverb;• • •;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say something is funny rather than humorous:;▪ He told lots of funny stories

do laundry/ do the laundry

generally/your laundry

سوار/پياده شدن از ماشين

get into/out of the car

سوار/پياده شدن از اتوبوس

get on/ get off a bus

succeed in starting to sleep

get to sleep : Last night I couldn't get to sleep.;

به استقبال رفتن

get to welcome

how do you ... school, work, ets

get to/goto

... an hour ... lunch

get, for;

Could you ... the kids dressed while I'm ... breakfast

get, having

Forms of get

get,got,got OR gotten

... expeience

get/gain

travel by bike

geton/ get off;

I don't carry heavy things because maybe my back

gets sore

give

give somebody something: I've got some old diaries that my grandmother gave me years ago; give something to somebody: didn't steal it! Maria gave it to me

غده

gland[C]

[Transportation verb: go with]

go by: taxi, bus(NO "a, the,..."

exercise by bike

go for a bike ride

walking, running, driving as exercise

go for a walk, run, drive

walk up

go on/down

I'm usually too tired. So, when I ... bed, I usually .../... right away

go to ; go to sleep/fall asleep

verb for place

go to a place

go to vs. go

go to a place, go activities(verbing)

go to sleep vs. get to sleep

go to sleep: start sleeping. Get to sleep: succeed in starting to sleep; I usually go to sleep right away. Occasionally. Though, I can't get to sleep

I'm going to ... gym

go to the

از پله ها بالا يا پايين رفتن

go upstairs/downstairs

a small pointed beard on the end of a man's chin

goatee[C]

Yazd ... 3000 years ago

goes back to

[golden ring]

gold ring

ماهي قرمز

gold-fish

I ... six years ago. I... for six year

got married; have been married

a teacher ... homework

grades

نوه

grandchildren: they are angry with grandchildren

انگور

grap

eight ways to change the form of food

grate, grind, mince, chop up, slice, cut up, mash, squeeze

gro‧cer‧y /ˈɡrəʊsəri/

groceries [plural] food and other goods that are sold by a grocer or a supermarket

ريزش مو

hair loss: I have hair loss; I'm lossing my hair

'ginger

hair or fur that is ginger is bright orange-brown in colour: a ginger cat

ponytail

hair tied together at the back of your head and falling like a horse's tail

hand over

hand something ↔ over to give something to someone with your hand, especially because they have asked for it or should have it:;The soldiers were ordered to hand over their guns.;hand something ↔ over to;He handed the phone over to me.;

'fortnightly

happening every fortnight or once a fortnight: We used to dread my uncle's fortnightly visits

an‧nu‧al /ˈænjuəl/

happening once a year SYN yearly: The school trip has become an annual event

'cheerful

happy, or behaving in a way that shows you are happy: I'm making a real effort to be cheerful despite everything

Spirit ... in more than a year, and now the space agency says it's ... hope that it will hear from the rover again.

hasn't been heard from, abandoning

hate (Grammar)

hate doing something;Paul hates having his picture taken.;hate to do something;I hate to see you unhappy.;hate it when;Pam hates it when Lee calls her at work.;hate somebody doing something;Jenny's mother hates her staying out late.;hate somebody for (doing) something;She hated him for being so happy.;

have over vs. come over

have over=invite over; come over : if sb come over, they visit you at home

have you ever ridden a hourse?

have you ever been on a hourse?

tense for talking about seeing movies

have you seen the movie? PP

nasty

having a bad appearance, smell, taste etc : market stall selling cheap and nasty watches

de'termined

having a strong desire to do something, so that you will not let anyone stop you: She was determined to win

aro'matic, SYN

having a strong pleasant smell SYN fragrant

striped, SYN

having lines or bands of colour SYN stripy: a blue and white striped shirt

bald

having little or no hair on your head: his shiny bald head

patriotic

having or expressing a great love of your country : patriotic songs-->patriotism;

'spotted

having small round marks of a different colour on the surface: red and white spotted blouse

چشمان ميشي

hazel eyes

[he called to me]

he called me

he doesn't let me

he doesn't allow me=he doesn't give me the permission (always: give+permission)

[his job makes him a lot of money]

he earns/makes a lot of money

فحش دادن

he gave me bad aims

he speaks--> formally

he gives/makes a speech

[he goes from his house to work]

he goes to work

He comes from a small family

he has a small family

research vs. researches

he has done a lot of researches; he has done a lot of research on animals

He's the only child of the family

he has no brothers OR sisters

[he is breadwinner]

he is a breadwinner

[He is look like girl]

he looks like girls; he's like girls

[he was a complete man]

he was a perfect man

او برايم غريبه بود

he was strange for me

Forms of hear

hear,heard,heard

adj. for raining a lot

heavy rain

she was very happy, because we invited ... to stay with ... ... ... house

her, us, at, our

[I like here]

here & there are adverbs and can't be used as objects--> I love it here

here you go

here you are

very unlikely

highly unlikely: It's highly unlikely he'll come now

he didn't have an umbrella, so she gave ... ...

him, hers

[his house is around of mine]

his house is around mine

[historical places]

historical doesn't collocate with building. It collocates with documents,... . For buildings, use historic

having a university degree

hold/have a BA/an MA

شيپور

horn

OPP of nice, pleasant

horrible, unpleasant

diff. house & home

house: physical place

how is it going

how is your life; how are you; what's news

cheat on somebody

husband, wife, or sexual partner by secretly having sex with someone else:;The magazine claims that almost half of Britain's women cheat on their partners

nonsense, SYN

ideas, opinions, statements etc that are not true or that seem very stupid SYN rubbish, meaningless: a nonsense question

act sth out

if a group of people act out an event, they show how it happened by pretending to be the people who were involved in it: The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus

drag on

if an event or situation drags on, it continues for too long;drag on for;an expensive court battle that could drag on for years

get together

if people get together, they meet in order to spend time with each other: We must get together for a drink

come over

if someone comes over, they visit you at your house/ come to your country: Do you want to come over on Friday evening?

Grammar: used to

if something used to happen, it happened regularly or all the time in the past, but does not happen now. : He used to go to our school; We're eating out more often than we used to; You didn't use to eat chips when you were younger; BrE:You used not to fuss like this; It never used to bother me; Jimmy used to be a friend of mine; Why are you so bad-tempered? You didn't use to be like this; If you used to do something, you did it regularly or for a period of time in the past. Use the ;infinitive without 'to' after used to, not the past tense: My dad used to grow vegetables (NOT used to grew vegetables). Do not confuse 'I used to do something' and 'I'm used to doing something'

ar‧rest /əˈrest/

if the police arrest someone, the person is taken to a police station because the police think they have done something illegal: He was arrested and charged with murder

take away

if you buy food to take away, you buy cooked food from a restaurant and take it outside to eat it somewhere else

happen to do sth

if you happen to do something, you do it by chance:;I happened to see James in town.

initiative

if you have or take the initiative, you are in a position to control a situation and decide what to do next:;Why don't you take the initiative and ask him out?;Politicians need to seize the initiative from the terrorists

in your sights

if you have someone or something in your sights, you intend to achieve it or get it for yourself, or to attack them;

وضو گرفتن

if you perform your ablutions, you wash yourself - sometimes used humorously

bath

if you take a bath, you wash your body in a bath: After a week of camping, I really needed a bath

sth is important to/for sb

important to-->they care about it; important for--> it's neccesssary for them

All the furniture was covered ... dust

Have you ridden ... a street car?

I work ... an office

I've been ... three diffrerent protests

Tehran is ... Iran

The tall one ... jeans

he's serious ... his work

she is the tall one ... jeans

wha t do you do ... your free time?

6 specific words for addressing

in + neighbourhood ; on + street ; on the corner of + ... and ... . ; across from ... . Next to ... . Between ... and ... .

it grows ... ... summer

in , the

oddly,SYN

in a strange or unusual way SYN strangely: She's been behaving oddly this week

without ceremony

in a very informal way, without politeness: He wished me good luck in the future and left without further ceremony

Diff. in+the+place vs. in+place

in back/infront of sth: outside sth; in the +back/front+sth: inside sth: Russia is located in north of Iran; Ramsar is located in the north of Iran

preposition for vehicles

in cars; on bus, train, plane ship

[in the free times]

in free time

the breakfast

in general there is no definite "the" with breakfast, lunch, dinner

beneath,SYN

in or to a lower position than something, or directly under something SYN underneath: The dolphins disappeared beneath the waves

next door

in the house, room etc next to yours or someone else's: the boy next door; next door to something next to another building, room etc: They live next door to the shop; next door[UC]= neighbour[C] : Have you seen next door's new car?

Tehran and Shiraz are ... time zone

in the same

prepositions for time

in+ the morning/ the afternoon/ the evening; at+noon/ night/ midnight

food ... Bozorgmehr/design ... Bozorgmehr

in/of

have you ever been ... Los Angeles

in/to

Have he ever been in/to Iran

in/to--> Now he is/isn't in Iran;

involve vs. include

include: [not in progressive] if one thing includes another, the second thing is part of the first:;Does the price include postage?;Involve: if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it:;What will the job involve?;consist of something phrasal verb [not in progressive];to be formed from two or more things or people:;The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.;= be made up of

multiracial

including or involving several different races of people: a multiracial society

on+ my,...+own

independently: My children are living on their own(living in their own place and supporting themselves); I travelled around Japan on my own(not on an organized tour)

rotten

informal if someone is rotten, they are unpleasant, unkind, or dishonest:;Why are you being so rotten?;a rotten little brat;

eye somebody ↔ up

informal to look at someone in a way that shows you think they are sexually attractive:;There was a group of lads at the bar, eyeing up every girl who walked in

be crazy about somebody

informal to love someone very much - used for emphasis: She's crazy about you.;

let your hair down

informal to relax and enjoy yourself, especially after working hard:;Visitors young and old let their hair down and enjoyed the show.;

hang out

informal to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people;hang out with;I don't really know who she hangs out with.;Where do the youngsters hang out?

clueless

informal;having no understanding or knowledge of something - used to show disapproval;clueless about;Many teachers are clueless about the needs of immigrant students. ;

غريزه

instinct: Animals have a natural instinct for survival; Birds build nests by instinct; Her instinct told her that something was wrong

bright

intelligent and able to learn things quickly:;He was an exceptionally bright child.;

invite over

invite somebody over (also invite somebody round: to ask someone to come to your home, usually for a drink or a meal: Max has invited me over for dinner

everywher ... green an fresh

what ... your/their nationality

he is 29. he ... 30

is going to be

a lot of furniture ... needed

is: furniture is UC

who ... his friend? ...

is; They are Cyrus,...

It's raining cats and dogs

it is raining very heavily

Sizes of food in restaurants

just large and small

size of food ,... in restaurants

just large and small nothing else

When You are on vacation, I will ... your house

keep an eye. keep an eye on someone or something and have an eye on someone or something; keep one's eye(s) on someone or something; have one's eye on someone or something;Fig. to watch someone or something; to monitor someone or something closely. I have my eye on the apple tree. When the apples ripen, I'll harvest them. Please keep an eye on the baby. Will you please keep your eye on my house while I'm on vacation? to watch or give your attention to someone or something The mother sat on the edge of the sandbox, keeping an eye on her sons as they played.;Usage notes: sometimes used with an adjective: The woman kept a close eye on her purse.

I'd like to have a more reliable car. Mine...

keeps breaking down

زانو

knee

[greet city]

large city

adj. for NUMBER of sth

large-small; larger/smaller

fleeting

lasting for only a short time SYN brief:;a fleeting smile;

پودر رختشويي

laundry powder

I ... work/.../... at 8 a.m. and ... work(arrive at work) ... 9:00.

leave for/leave home/ leave the house; get to; by

leave out

leave somebody/something ↔ out phrasal verb;1. to not include someone or something:;She outlined the case to him, being careful not to leave anything out.;leave somebody/something out of something;Kidd has been left out of the team

پزشک: بذار معاينه ات کنم

let's take a look at you

forms of let

let, let, let

فانوس ديايي

light house

I light to .../... some candles

light/blow

swarthy complexion

literary (=dark) She had never met anyone with his swarthy complexion

For a while bin Laden had ... to do with the local group, but he remains a powerful symbol.

little

longue

living room

he ... older than me

lokked

window shopping

looking at things in store windows without buying any thing

an'gelic

looking good, kind, and gentle or behaving in this way: She had an angelic smile, but a dreadful temper

Forms of lose

lose, lost, lost

adj.s for price

low/high/ reasonable NOT (chear or expensive)

طب )طاعون ،کوفت ،سيفيليس ،سفليس

lues

the time in the middle of the day when people at work or at school stop working to eat lunch

lunch break [C]

adj.s for car

luxury/ spacious/ economical/ sports car

hand'made

made by people using their hands, not by a machine: pair of expensive handmade shoes

name of many store

main product sol+store: clothing store, record store, ...

سخنراني کردن

make a speech

make

make somebody something;He made her a toy horse, using just some straw and bamboo twigs.;be made from something;Paper is made from wood.;be made (out) of something;a shirt made of silk;make something from/out of something;She's very good at making things from old scraps of material.;Japanese-made/English-made etc (=produced in Japan etc) GRAMMAR;Use made from especially when the materials used to make something have been completely changed and cannot be recognized:;▪ a wine made from Chilean grapes;Use made of when the materials have not been completely changed and can still be recognized:;▪ The wheels were made of wood.;► Do not use 'made by' when talking about the materials used to make something.;

make up your mind

make up your mind/make your mind up;a) to decide which of two or more choices you want, especially after thinking for a long time:;I wish he'd hurry up and make his mind up.;make up your mind/make your mind up about;He couldn't make up his mind about what to do with the money.;make up your mind whether;Karen couldn't make up her mind whether to apply for membership or not.;b) to become very determined to do something, so that you will not change your decision:;No more argument. My mind is made up.;make up your mind to do something;He had clearly made up his mind to end the affair.;make up your mind that;I made up my mind there and then that I would never get married.;c) to decide what your opinion is about someone or something;make up your mind/make your mind up about;I could never really make my mind up about him.;You're old enough to make your own mind up about smoking.;

comon verbs with breakfast

make, have, skip

forms of make

make, made, made

diff. make & build

make: unimportant things(cake); build: important thing(building)

creepy

making you feel nervous and slightly frightened:;There's something creepy about the way he looks at me.;The whole place feels creepy

clothes for work(formal clothes)

man: shirt; (jacket+pants=suit)+coat+tie+belt+shoes; woman: scarf+blouse+(jacket+skirt=suit)+(high/low/--)heels//raincoat; dress

[I played with my cousine]

meaning : wrong: I played a lot of games with my cousin

medi'cation

medicine or drugs given to people who are ill: be on medication (for something): He's on medication for high blood pressure

come across somebody/something

meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance:;I came across an old diary in her desk.;I've never come across anyone quite like her before.;We've come across a few problems that need resolving.;REGISTER;In written English, people often use encounter when writing about problems or difficulties because this sounds more formal than come across:;▪ The team of researchers had encountered similar problems before.;

عکس هاي يادگاري

memorable photos

آرايشگاه مردانه/ زنانه

men: barber's= barbershop; women: beauty saloon

سربازي

military service

forms of mind

mind; mined; mined

a friends of(3); a good idea of (3)

mine, my brother's, Sam's.: a ... of mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, Jack's, my friend's

نعناع

mint

OPP of chearful

miserable, grumpy

learn: momentary/non-momentary

momentary

bonus

money added to someone's wages, especially as a reward for good work

sal‧a‧ry /ˈsæləri/

money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month

مبصر

monitor

noble

morally good or generous in a way that is admired:;It's very noble of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.;noble ideals;

دهان

mouth

... from one city to another

move

I ... a new house ... my furniture

moved, with

[more better]

much better

6 adj.s that can be used before comparative adj.s

much, a lot, far(=a lot), a bit, a little, slightly, any, no; Could you speak a bit more slowly? I've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer( =not even a little longer); Do you feel any better?

I don't play tennis ... this year. I uset to play ...

much, more often

[I was born in spring]

my birthday is in spring

my car doesn't work

my car broke down

پدرم، برادرم را با ماشين به مدرسه مي برد

my father takes my brother to work with his own car

[my job workplace]

my office

types of bedrooms

my own bedroom/shared bedroom( e.g. with my brother)

[my sister works in downtown/ in suburb]

my sister works downtown/ in the suburbs

...+own

my, your, his, her, its, our, their+ own+...: my own house NOT an own house. It's a shame that the apartment doesn't have its own parking space.Why do you want to use my car? Why don't you use your own

Contiguous

next to something, or next to each other:;America's 48 contiguous states;

Read the numbers(years): 1906/ 1917/2001/1900/2010

ninteen oh six/ ninteen seventeen/ two thousands and one/ ninteen handered/two thousands ten

any+singular noun

no matter which one: You can take any taxi downtown

'no one, SYN

not anyone SYN nobody: No one likes being criticized

dull

not bright or shiny: Her eyes were dull with dark shadows beneath them

hold back the tears

not cry even though you feel like crying

shallow

not deep: the shallow end of the pool;Place the meat in a shallow dish

unjust

not fair or reasonable SYN unfair:;unjust laws;—unjustly adverb;

insecure

not feeling at all confident about yourself, your abilities, or your relationships with people: She's very insecure about her appearance

'casual, OPP

not formal or not for a formal situation OPP formal: a casual jacket

timid

not having courage or confidence SYN shy OPP confident:;I was a timid child.;a policy that is both timid and inadequate;In everyday English, people usually say that someone is shy rather than timid.;

course

not having much experience of how complicated life is, so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always Jim can be so naive sometimes: Jim can be so naive sometimes

na'ive

not having much experience of how complicated life is, so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always Jim can be so naive sometimes: Jim can be so naive sometimes

a'skew

not quite straight or in the right position: the Pizza tower is askew

پشت سرم رو هم نبينم

not to see my behind

preposition + ...

noun OR geround: I'm interested in history instead *of cooking*; It's the couse *of airpollution*; in some verbs, "to" is not the sign of infinitive but it's a part of the verb: I'm looking{forward to} hearing from you; I pay {attention to} doing my homework

black sheep

noun [countable usually singular];someone who is regarded by other members of their family or group as a failure or embarrassment:;Amy's always been the black sheep of the family. ;;

shoeloce

noun [countable];a thin piece of material, like string, that goes through holes in the front of your shoes and is used to fasten them SYN lace;tie/untie a shoelace;Roger bent to tie his shoelace.;Your shoelaces are undone. ;

They have the same (number/numbers)

number

Dutch treat

occasion when you share the cost of something such as a meal in a restaurant;

Does she know anyone ... the party

My class have a great view ... park

he runs away ... the class

It is terrible that some people are dying ... ... while others eat too much

of/from, hunger

die .../... an illness

of/from: The animals died of starvation in the snow.;

take photo ... sb

of:I'll send Mom a photo of Sammy.;Can you take a photo of me and Rachel?;

antic

old: her book is antic

comparative form of old

older. But, when you talk about people in a family, you can say my older/elder sister. My sister is older(not elder) than me. My older/elder sister is a TV announcer.

... Friday morning

... my way

... new year's eve

... semester

... the beach

There are a lot of accidents ... this road

There are nine players ... a baseball tem

how many players are there ... a soccer team

diff. on Sunday, on sundays

on Sunday: next Sunday; on sundays: every Sunday

preposition for streets and neighborhood

on a street;in a neighborhood: on Valiasr; in Farmanieh

در روز سال نو/در سال نو

on new year's day/ in the new year

هنگام لزوم ،لدى الاقتضا،هر وقت موقعيت داشته باشد

on occasions

[in the 2nd floor]

on the 2nd floor

... (the)weekend

on weekend; at the weekend

I put my tie ... ... his party

on, in

go ... a trip ... the north of Iran ... vacation

on, to, for

he's sitting .../...the sofa/armchair

on/in; in:just for armchair: sth closed

walk ... the snow; walk ... the rain

on; under

Num. o opinion in each topic sentence

one

[I've been to a concert three times]

one concert, three times? --> I've been to three concerts

101

one handered (and) one

Ingredient

one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish: Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl

race

one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to the colour of their skin and other physical features: a person of mixed race

wing /wɪŋ/[countable]

one of the parts of a bird's or insect's body that it uses for flying: a butterfly with beautiful markings on its wings

carriage, SYN

one of the parts of a train where passengers sit SYN car

course

one of the separate parts of a meal, such as the starter or the dessert: a three-course meal

se'ester

one of the two periods of time that a year at high schools and universities is divided into, especially in the US: the fall semester

'chopstick

one of the two thin sticks that you use to eat food in many countries in Asia

o'paque, OPP

opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick OPP transparent: shower with an opaque glass door

drawback the curtains

open the curtains

I often get a headache, an earache, ... a stomachache

cross out

painting a cross an a wrong sentence: cross out the sentence

trousers

pants

slacks

pants, trousers

an office supply store sells

paper, pen, ..., stationary

چتر نجات

parachut[C];[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to jump from a plane using a parachute;parachute into;They parachuted into Vietnam in 1968.;

kikk the bucket

pass away: He has died-->recently; he died--> 10 years ago

Talking about the results of an action--> do not use

passive: While I was washing the dishes, one od them fell down. Fortunately it did not broke( NOT was not broken)

pay

pay for;Mum paid for my driving lessons.;pay (in) cash;You'd get a discount for paying cash.;pay by cheque/credit card;Can I pay by credit card?;pay somebody for something;He didn't even offer to pay me for the ticket.;pay somebody to do something;Ray paid some kids to wash the car.;pay somebody something;I paid him $5 to cut the grass.;pay (somebody) in dollars/euros etc;He wanted to be paid in dollars.;GRAMMAR;The object of pay can be the person you give money to or the amount of money you give:;▪ I'll pay you in advance.;▪ I've already paid £700.;► Do not use pay followed directly by a noun referring to the thing you are buying. Use pay (an amount of money) for something:;▪ I'll pay for the tickets.;▪ I paid £100 for this jacket. BUT pay a bill/a fine/ tax/ rent/ a sum of money(no preposition) I did not have enough money to pay the rent;be paid weekly/monthly (also get paid weekly/monthly);We get paid weekly on Fridays.;well/badly/poorly paid;Many of the workers are very badly paid.;paid work (=work you are paid to do);paid holiday/leave (=time when you are not working but are still paid);

نخود

pea: blaack-eyed pea

مداد تراش

pencil sharpener

[people have beautiful life there]

people have beautiful lives there

live entertainment

performed then, not recorded

a ... is someone who expects the worst ...

pesimist, to happen

pick on

pick on somebody/something phrasal verb spoken;1. to behave in an unfair way to someone, for example by blaming them or criticizing them unfairly:;Why don't you pick on someone else for a change?;2. British English to choose a particular person or thing:;Just pick on one job and try to get that finished.;

نيشگون گرفتن

pinch [T,REG]We have to stop her pinching her baby brother.;He pinched her cheek.;

haunt(n)

place that someone likes to go to often : The Café Vienna was a favourite haunt of journalists and actors

... a bandage ... your head

place, over

طرح هاي پارچه(پيراهن و ...) 3

plaid=tartan: pattern of crossed lines and squares: a plaid shirt ; having lines or bands of colour SYN stripy: a blue and white striped shirt . differently coloured squares:;a checked blouse; polkadot[C]one of a number of round spots that form a pattern, especially on cloth used for clothing:;a white scarf with red polka dots

(verb) ... chess

play

(verb) ... ... violin

play the

شب شعر

poem gathering

شاعر

poet: someone who writes poems

up'turn

pointing or turning upwards: upturned nose

[government people]

political men

OPP of clean

polluted

... English; ... sports

practice; exercise

prepositional phrase

prepositional(after/on,...=adv. Of place) +article+noun: from Mexico

... a button

press/push

... that you kiss someone

pretend

professional vs. expert

profesional(adj.)-->earn money; expert(n)-->NOT necessarily earn

job, profession, occupation; career

profession : need education(at univ.); job: doesn't need education(a taxi driver); ocuupation: job OR profession(NOT spoken, only written); career : the main job among different jobs that you have

to promise to give someone something that is impossible for you to give

promise somebody the moon/the earth

promise

promise to do something;She's promised to do all she can to help.;promise (that);Hurry up - we promised we wouldn't be late.;promise something to somebody;I've promised that book to Ian, I'm afraid.;promise somebody something;The company promised us a bonus this year.;promise to be something;Tonight's meeting promises to be a difficult one.;dark clouds promising showers later;He reappeared two hours later, as promised.

someone

pronoun;used to mean a person, when you do not know or do not say who the person is SYN somebody. someone new/different etc;'When are you planning to hire someone?' 'As soon as we find someone suitable.';Can you ask someone else (=a different person) to help you? I'm really busy.;Have Brooks or someone fax this to New York right away.;be someone to be or feel important:;Gerber was determined to be someone. ;

three structures for protect

protect somebody/something from something;The cover protects the machine from dust.;protect somebody/something against something;Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.;protect against;Waxing your car will help protect against rust.;

Four structures for provide

provide something for somebody;The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.;provide somebody with something;The project is designed to provide young people with work.;► Do not say 'provide someone something'. Say provide someone with something.;provide that formal if a law or rule provides that something must happen, it states that it must happen;provide against something phrasal verb formal;to make plans in order to deal with a bad situation that might happen:;Health insurance will provide against loss of income if you become ill.;

pro‧voc‧a‧tive /prəˈvɒkətɪv $ -ˈvɑː-/

provocative behaviour, remarks etc are intended to make people angry or upset, or to cause a lot of discussion: a provocative act by a terrorist group

[public transportations]

public transportation is UC --> no plural s; no a/an

pull the plug

pull the plug (on something) informal to prevent a plan, business etc from being able to continue, especially by deciding not to give it any more money:;NASA has pulled the plug on one of its two Mars rovers.

punch in

punch something ↔ in to put information into a computer by pressing buttons or keys ;;

wearing a hat

put on/ take out a hat

... some muscle cream ... your arm

put, on

diff. race , match

race: individual, match: group

شوفاژ

radiator

find out

realize

sensible

reasonable, practical, and showing good judgement:;She seems very sensible.;sensible advice;It's sensible to keep a note of your passport number.;Moving house seemed like the sensible thing to do.;► A sensible person is reasonable and shows good judgement. A sensitive person is easily upset, or understands other people's feelings and problems.;OPP: he has no common sense

recently cut grass etc

refreshment

refreshments [plural] small amounts of food and drink that are provided at a meeting, sports event etc:;Refreshments will be served after the meeting.;

رژيم

regime[C]a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of for some other reason:;The regime got rid of most of its opponents.;military/totalitarian/fascist regime;brutal/oppressive/corrupt regime;

forms of dust

regular

forms of miss

regular

forms of rent

regular

inter'national

relating to or involving more than one nation: internatioal students

preteens

relating to or made for children who are 11 or 12 years old: ; preteen clothing;

OPP of arrest

released: The people who were arrested have now been released.

دوباره جان گرفتن، زنده شدن

relive

resort

resort to something phrasal verb;to do something bad, extreme, or difficult because you cannot think of any other way to deal with a problem:;Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence.;resort to doing something;Vets have had to resort to killing the animals. ;

only have yourself to thank (for something)

responsible for something bad that has happened to you:;She has only herself to thank if she doesn't have any friends.;

adj for price

restaurants are cheap| expensive| reasonable

rich(food),OPP

rich food contains a lot of butter, cream, or eggs, which make you feel full very quickly OPP light:;a rich fruit cake;The sauce was very rich.;

Four types of food

rich, blnde, greasy, nutritious,

forms of ride

ride, rode, ridden

بي درنگ-فورا

right away= immediately=very soon

intonation: yes/no question

rising: are you and your friend the same age?

robber, thief, burglar

robber: [C]:someone who steals money or property: Armed robbers broke into the shop and demanded money from the till; a bank robber; thief: [C] : someone who steals things from another person or place : Thieves broke into the offices and stole $150,000's worth of computer equipment; burglar : someone who goes into houses, shops etc to steal things

خروس

rooster, cock

adj.s for cheek

round, flat

verb for muscle cream

rub

the shirt was white but doing the laundry maks it blue. So, the shirt is ....

ruined( ruin for clothes & colors)

manage/control a store, company,...

run a store,...

دنبال اتوبوس دويدن

run for a bus

aground

run/go aground if a ship runs aground, it becomes stuck in a place where the water is not deep enough

sound of plural s = /iz/ for noun endings

s, ch, sh, ce, se

unharmed, especially after being in danger

safe and sound/well : The missing children were found safe and sound.;

salesclerk

salesperson

conjnctions: and, but, however, though

same ideas: and: Tehran is big and nice(+ ideas); Tehran is noisy and polluted(- ideas); Tehran is big, but crowded; Tehran is big. It's crowded, though/however

سماور

samover

کارگران شهرداري

sanitary worker

10 ways for cooking foods

saute', stir-fry, simmer, boil, barbecue, grill, steam, bake, roast, fry,

every year seat belts ... thousands of lives

save

save your ass

save your life

... me some dinner, and I'll have it when I ...

save; get in

insensitive

sb who doesn't think about other people's feelings: One insensitive official insisted on seeing her husband's death certificate.;that was insensitive of them.

scare someone very muc

scare the pants off somebody ; scare the life/living daylights/hell etc out of somebody . The alarm scared the hell out of me.;

royalty

scenes of abject poverty

are you going to ... a doctor?

see

we use could specially with ...

see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand

never-ending, SYN

seeming to continue for a very long time SYN endless:;Keeping the house neat and clean is a never-ending battle

OPP of shy

self-confident

a ... illness

serious

shabby

shabby clothes, places, or objects are untidy and in bad condition because they have been used for a long time:;Hugh's jacket was old and shabby.;a shabby little restaurant;

shake/node

shake: move your head horizentaliy: rejecting a suggestion; node: move your head vertically: accept a suggestion

oval

shape like a circle, but wider in one direction than the other: an oval face person

[she didn't has a car]

she didn't have a car: has is not a simple verb; it's a third person verb

آن را دوست خواهد داشت

she is going to like that

she doesn't do anything

she never tauches anything

او کار ميکند ، درهواي باراني يا آفتابي

she works- rain or shine

weep tears

shed tears=cry: shed any tears for him

pronounciation: can

short answer & negative & question : /caan/; positive: /cen/

adj.s for hair

shoulder length; (fair/dark/long/short)-haired; jet black(=completely black) ; blond/blonde (=yellowish-white in colour) ; brown ; chestnut (=dark brown); sandy (=yellowish-brown) ; mousy (=an unattractive dull brown) ; red ; ginger (=orange-brown in colour); auburn (=orange-brown in colour) ; straight; curly; frizzy (=tightly curled); wavy (=with loose curls) ; thick; fine(thin) ; spiky (=stiff and standing up on top of your head): He's a tall fair-haired guy

stupid, SYN

showing a lack of good sense or good judgment SYN silly: stupid mistakes; That was a stupid thing to say; I can't believe Kate was stupid enough to get involved in this.; Whose stupid idea was this?; It was stupid of me to lose my temper

affectionate, SYN

showing in a gentle way that you love someone and care about them SYN loving : Jo is very affectionate towards her ; an affectionate hug

simple past and past continuous

simple past intrupts past continuous

difference: PP vs. simple past : time

simple past--> say time; don't want to say time--> PP: Did you do your homework last night? Have you done your homework?

verb "sit" for chair& armchair

sit on a/the chair; sin in an/the armchair

six-pack

six cans or bottles of a drink, especially beer, sold together as a set: a six-pack of beer;

آسمان خراش

sky scraper

سورتمه

sled

plump

slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way - used especially about women or children, often to avoid saying the word 'fat': The nurse was a cheerful plump woman

'chubby

slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and attractive: a chubby six-year-old

your fluency is ... . Speak ... .

slow; quickly

6 adj for rooms

small, large, spacious, bright, dark, comfortable

'shiny

smooth and bright: Her hair was thick and shiny

عطسه

sneeze

snotty

snotty nose:(=with unpleasant thick liquid coming out) a group of dirty children with snotty noses;

couch

sofa; settee

two types of drinks

soft~alcoholic drink

[some aspirins for the pain]

some aspirin for the pain

she cooks (some sweets/sweet)

some sweets: different kinds; sweet: one kind, alittle or much

There are ... curtains on the window

some(DON'T use curtains alone. Some is necessary)

The Dr. give him ... advice

some(advice:UC)/ a, two,... pieces of advice; suggestion:C

used to say that it is easy to understand why someone might think or do something

somebody can be forgiven for thinking/believing/feeling etc something: You could be forgiven for thinking football is a religion here.;

used to say that someone's problems are their own fault

somebody only has himself/herself to blame spoken :If he fails his exams, he'll only have himself to blame

'twister

someone who cheats other people

teen‧ag‧er /ˈtiːneɪdʒə $ -ər/

someone who is between 13 and 19 years old: a TV sex education series aimed at teenagers

fit, OPP

someone who is fit is strong and healthy, especially because they exercise regularly OPP unfit: You must be very fit if you do so much running

generous, OPP

someone who is generous is willing to give money, spend time etc, in order to help people or give them pleasure OPP mean: She's always very generous to the kids

principal

someone who is in charge of a school SYN headteacher British English:;a small school with just three teachers and the principal;

out'going

someone who is outgoing likes to meet and talk to new people: We're looking for someone with an outgoing personality

portly

someone who is portly, especially an old man, is fat and round: a portly old gentleman

'introvert, OPP

someone who is quiet and shy, and does not enjoy being with other people OPP extrovert

self contained

someone who is self-contained does not seem to need other people or show their feelings:

sentimental

someone who is sentimental is easily affected by emotions such as love, sympathy, sadness etc, often in a way that seems silly to other people:;She said a sentimental goodbye.;sentimental about;People can be very sentimental about animals

slim

someone who is slim is attractively thin SYN slender: a slim waist

'talkative, SYN, OPP

someone who is talkative talks a lot SYN chatty, chatterbox, OPP quiet

'tidy,SYN, OPP

someone who is tidy keeps their house, clothes etc neat and clean, SYN organized, OPP messy, untidy: Chris is a naturally tidy person

wary

someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful;be wary of (doing) something;I'm a bit wary of driving in this fog.;wary of;We must teach children to be wary of strangers.;wariness noun [singular, uncountable]:;a wariness in her voice;—warily adverb:;She eyed him warily. ;

'welcoming

someone who is welcoming is friendly when you arrive in a place: Everyone was very welcoming

well-built

someone who is well-built has a big strong body

gro‧cer /ˈɡrəʊsə $ ˈɡroʊsər/ [countable]

someone who owns or works in a shop that sells food and other things used in the home

sanitation worker

someone who removes waste material that people put outside their houses SYN garbage man ;;

flight attendant

someone who serves food and drinks to passengers on a plane, and looks after their comfort and safety

activist

someone who works hard doing practical things to achieve social or political change;political/gay/animal rights etc activist: activist groups ;;

'banker

someone who works in a bank in an important position

cashier /kæˈʃɪə $ -ˈʃɪr/

someone whose job is to receive or pay out money in a shop

re‧cep‧tion‧ist /rɪˈsepʃənəst, rɪˈsepʃənɪst/

someone whose job is to welcome and deal with people arriving in a hotel or office building, visiting a doctor etc

'colleague, SYN

someone you work with - used especially by professional people SYN co-worker: She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues.

pen friend , SYN

someone you write friendly letters to, especially someone in another country who you have never met SYN pen pal

an architect is ... who designs buildings

someone(It semms to be better than a person)

'servant

someone, especially in the past, who was paid to clean someone's house, cook for them, answer the door etc, and who often lived in the house: Many young girls became domestic servants

ex'ception

something or someone that is not included in a general statement or does not follow a rule or pattern: It's been cold, but today's an exception

pathetic

something or someone that is pathetic is so useless, unsuccessful, or weak that they annoy you:;You're pathetic! Here, let me do it.;I know it sounds pathetic now, but at the time I was frightened.;Vic made a pathetic attempt to apologise.

exotic

something that is exotic seems unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country - use this to show approval:;exotic birds;exotic places;

impressive

something that is impressive makes you admire it because it is very good, large, important etc: Among the guests was an impressive array of authors and critics

du‧ty /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/ , SYN

something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right SYN obligation(/ˌɒbləˈɡeɪʃən, ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃən $ ˌɑːb-/): I promise I will do my duty

a riot of colour

something with many different bright colours:;The garden is a riot of colour in spring.

trick

something you do to surprise someone and to make other people laugh:;I'm getting tired of your silly tricks.;The girls were playing tricks on their teacher.;

sth happens to sb/sth

something/anything/what happens to somebody/something if something happens to someone or something, they are affected by an event:;He should be here by now - something must have happened to him.;The same thing happened to me last year.;

at times

sometimes but it goes to the last of sentences: It can be difficult at times

occasionally

sometimes, but not regularly and not often:;Occasionally Alice would look up from her books.;; In everyday English, people often say once in a while rather than occasionally:;▪ We still see her once in a while.;

چشم درد

sore eye/eyes

diff. sorry, excuse me

sorry: doing some thing that is wrong; excuse me: give permission

resort

sources are recovered by resorting to statistical ndependence

بيل/ با بيل کندن

spade

say bad things about sb

speak ill of somebody : She never speaks ill of him

say good things about sb

speak well/highly of somebody : He always spoke very highly of Marge

eye drops

special liquid which you put into your eyes because they are sore or dry, or as a medical treatment

سکه(بخصوص طلا و نقره)

specie

since single people ... most of their time ... their heads, they tend to exaggrate bad past experiences

spen, inside

I'll thank you to do something

spoken formal used to tell someone in an angry way not to do something because it is annoying you:;I'll thank you to mind your own business

something sucks

spoken not polite used when you dislike something very much or think something is very bad:;Statistically speaking, half the US would say the married life sucks while I'm enjoying the single life.;Married life sucks when I am enjoying the single life

be up to your eyebrows in something

spoken to have more of something than you can deal with: I'm absolutely up to my eyebrows in work

it's a deal

spoken used to say that you agree to do something:;OK, it's a deal.;

you'll thank me

spoken used to tell someone not to be annoyed with you for doing or saying something, because it will be helpful to them later:;You'll thank me for this one day, Laura

thank your lucky stars

spoken used to tell someone that they are very lucky, especially because they have avoided an unpleasant or dangerous situation:;You should thank your lucky stars I got here when I did!;

hate to say it, but .../I hate to tell you this, but

spoken used when saying something that you do not want to say, for example because it is embarrassing:;I hate to say it, but I was glad when he went home

dislike

spoken used when saying something that you do not want to say, for example because it is embarrassing:;I hate to say it, but I was glad when he went home; In everyday English, people usually say don't like rather than dislike:;▪ Why don't you like her?;

sort of

spoken;a) used to say that something is partly true but does not describe the exact situation:;I sort of like him, but I don't know why.;'Do you know what I mean?' 'Sort of.';b) used when you are trying to describe something but it is difficult to find the right word or to be exact:;Then they started sort of chanting.;The walls are a sort of greeny-blue colour

what ... do you play?

sports;

Three ways of mixing foods

sprinkle, rub, spread,

The rest room was crowded. I ...

stand in line

... a family

start: have your first child

to not go to bed at the time you would normally go to bed

stay up: We stayed up all night talking.;I let the kids stay up late on Fridays

verbs for home

stay, go, come back, return, get+home

verbs for work

stay, go, come back, return, get+to+work

repeat comparatives to say that ...

sth is changing continuously; Your English is improving. It's getting better and better. These days more and more people are learning English

discuss ... ... breakfast

sth over: discuss work over breakfast

OPP of generous

stingy: never gives to others

(shopping)mall

stores, restaurants and movie theaters in a large covered area

thatch

straw, reeds, leaves etc used to make a roof, or the roof made of them: a thatches cottage

... your muscle

stretch

different schemes of slothes' colors

striped; spotted; checked

a coffee having a taste or smell that you notice easily/hardly

strong/weak coffee

three adj.s for accent

strong=heavy~slight accent

dumb

stupid: What a dumb question.;a bunch of dumb kids;

تخمه آفتابگردان

sunflower seed/ -oil

سنت (در اسلام)

sunna

[surfing the net improves my vocabulary skill]

surfing the net helps me to improve my vocabulary skill

basic flavours

sweet , bitter , sour , salty

dessert

sweet food served after the main part of a meal;for dessert;What are we having for dessert?;

sound of plural s = /s/ for noun endings

t, p, f, k, ph

I ... tablets

take

I ... my mother ... to dinner

take , over

stop work for lunch

take a lunch break: I tak a lunch break at around 1:00 p.m.

جمع کردن رختخواب

take the bed(UC)

... an exam. ... a degree

take; get

three adjs of height

tall; short; medium height

you ... me English. So I ... English

teach, learn; You teach English to me

give/take exam, degree

teacher gives an exam. Student takes an exam. He gets a degree

tears well up in sb's eyes

tears come into their eyes) She broke off, feeling the tears welling up in her eyes

(verb)... good jocks

tell

... her a lay

tell

verb for news

tell NOT say

verb for story

tell NOT say

tender,OPP

tender food is easy to cut and eat, especially because it has been well cooked OPP tough:;Continue cooking until the meat is tender.;

ده ها هزار دلار

tens of thousands of dollars

very sorry

terribly/awfully sorry: I was terribly/aefully sorry to hear about your accident

forms of thank

thank, thanked, thanked

person in a picture: who is ...?

that NOT this: we consider person NOT object

endangered species

that soon may no longer exist : Pandas and the lizards are classed as an endangered species

Where is tehran city?

that's wrong. --> Where is the city of Tehran OR Where is Tehran?

jogging

the activity of running slowly and steadily as a way of exercising

جهان آخرت

the after life

Transportation verb: take

the bus, the train, the subway, a taxi/ cab(no "a" for cab)

early on

the causes of urban poverty

in time

the class starts at 9:00. I'm at class before 9:00--> I'm in time

countryside

the country

niece/nephew

the daughter/son of your brother or sister, or the daughter/son of your wife's or husband's brother or sister

cur'iosity

the desire to know about something: curiosity killed the cat: used to tell someone not to ask too many questions about something

front desk, SYN

the desk where visitors go when they arrive at a hotel or organization SYN reception: he's a front desk agent

'seashell

the empty shell of a small sea creature: jewelry made out of seashells

sb's affection

the feelings of love and caring that someone has:;Africa has always had a special place in my affections

Adam/Eve

the first man/woman created by God

difference between " I'm awake" and " I'm waking up"

the first: My eyes are open now( awake: adj). The second: I'm trying to open my eyes

آنفلوانزا

the flu: a common illness that makes you feel very tired and weak, gives you a sore throat, and makes you cough and have to clear your nose a lot SYN influenza: Steven's still in bed with flu; She's got the flu

cargo

the goods that are being carried in a ship or plane SYN freight;cargo of;A ship carrying a cargo of oil has run aground.;a cargo plane

سر مربي/ کمک مربي

the head coach (=the coach in charge of a team)/an assistant coach

warmth

the heat something produces, or when you feel warm: the warmth of the summer sun

ankle

the joint between your foot and your leg: slender ankles

seashore

the land at the edge of the sea, consisting of sand and rocks

'master bedroom

the largest bedroom in a house or apartment, often with its own bathroom

cathedral

the main church of a particular area under the control of a bishop : St Paul's Cathedral;

living room,SYN

the main room in a house where people relax, watch television etc SYN lounge

media

the media all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work:;The scandal was widely reported in the national media.;The role of the news media in forming public opinion is very important.;The 11-day trial generated intense media interest.;GRAMMAR;People sometimes use a singular verb after media but it is better to use a plural verb:;▪ The media were widely distrusted.;2. the plural of medium

breadwinner

the member of a family who earns the money to support the others

midday

the middle of the day, at or around 12 o'clock

prime 'minister

the most important minister and leader of the government in some countries which have a parliament: the British Prime Minister

cinema

the movies

waist

the narrow part in the middle of the human body: The skirt was too big around the waist

palace

the official home of a person of very high rank, especially a king or queen - often used in names:;Buckingham Palace;;

borser

the official line that separates two countries, states, or areas, or the area close to this line:;To cross the border, you will need a valid passport.;border between;the border between the US and Mexico;

The day before yesterday

the other day

The other, another, the others

the other: 1. + singular--> choose between two things; 2. +plu.--> choose between two groups of things; another+singular: I don't like to live in Tehran. I like to live in another city(No choise between to things or groups); The other + pku.

you can make adjectives using...verbs

the p.p form of verbs(most verbs)

sleeve

the part of a piece of clothing that covers all or part of your arm: dress with long sleeves

police vs. the police

the people who work for an official organization whose job is to catch criminals and make sure that people obey the law:;Police surrounded the courthouse.;2. the police the official organization whose job is to catch criminals and make sure that people obey the law:;Quick! Call the police!;By the time the police arrived the man had fled.;He was arrested by the police for dangerous driving.;He plans to join the police when he leaves school.; the people who work for an official organization whose job is to catch criminals and make sure that people obey the law:;Police surrounded the courthouse.;2. the police the official organization whose job is to catch criminals and make sure that people obey the law:;Quick! Call the police!;By the time the police arrived the man had fled.;He was arrested by the police for dangerous driving.;He plans to join the police when he leaves school.;Do not say 'a police'. Say a police officer, a policeman, or a policewoman

staff

the people who work for an organization: Our department has a staff of seven

adre'ssee

the person a letter, package etc is addressed to: don't sit down --> you is adressee

interviewee

the person who answers the questions in an interview

mayor

the person who has been elected to lead the government of a town or city:;the election of the London mayor;

grave

the place in the ground where a dead body is buried: At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross

discri'mination

the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way: laws to prevent discrimination

قيمت بنزين

the price of petrol

'matress

the soft part of a bed that you lie on

flesh

the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones: freshwater fish with firm white flesh

roof vs. ceiling

the structure that covers or forms the top of a building, vehicle, tent etc:;They finally found the cat up on the roof.;roof of;We can probably strap the cases to the roof of her car.;1. the inner surface of the top part of a room rooms with high ceilings;a light hanging from the ceiling;2. the largest number or amount of something that is officially allowed;ceiling of;a public spending ceiling of £240 billion;impose/set/put a ceiling (on something);The government imposed a ceiling on imports of foreign cars.;raise/lower the ceiling (on something);

'accent

the way someone pronounces the words of a language, showing which country or which part of a country they come from: He had a strong Irish accent

shop/store window

the window at the front of the shop/store

play

theater

[there aren't some curtains on the window]

there aren't any curtains on the window

... a good movie on TV tonight

there is

[ there is a heavy traffic]

there is heavy traffic

therefore

to tell someone not to worry about a mistake they have made, an accident they have caused etc

these things happen : It's not your fault - these things happen.;

[they said congratulation to me]

they said congratulations to me

details about baldness[UC]

thin/thick bald; bald in the middle

8 adj.s of peole's heaviness

thin; slim; fit; in a good shape; alittle heavy; plump; fat; o'bese

6 adj.s for lunch

three course; early/late; light; packed; working; Sunday+lunch

گلو

throat

انگشت شست

thumb

چشم بادامي

tight eyes

time when you are officially allowed not to be at work or studying

time off; take/have/get etc time off;Have you ever had to take time off for health reasons? ;; I take a couple of coffee braks(time off work for coffee or other refreshment) during the day

'leisure

time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy: Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time

(you) come ... dinner

In contrast ... Iran, people are free in Canada

Jim was very rude ... Liz

Zal is sitting ... the left of Sam

invite sb ... dinner

she taalks ... students

talk ... people

be at sb's beck and call

to always be ready to do what someone wants:;I was tired of being at her beck and call all day long.;

pop up

to appear, sometimes unexpectedly:;Click here, and a list of files will pop up.;Her name keeps popping up in the newspapers

rust away

to be gradually destroyed by rust:;The blades of the swords have rusted away. ;

end up

to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it:;He came round for a coffee and we ended up having a meal together.;end up doing something;Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.;end up with;Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.;end up as;He could end up as President.;end up like;I don't want to end up like my parents. ;

believe

to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth: I believed him, even though his story sounded unlikely; don't believe he's only 25; I don't believe a word of it (=I think it is completely untrue) ; It is believed that the house was built in 1735; Have they arrived yet?' 'Yes, I believe so.'

come off

to become removed from something: The label had come off, so there was no way of knowing what was on the disk

pretend

to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun: We can't go on pretending that everything is OK

'immigrate

to come into a country in order to live there permanently: His father and mother immigrated when he was two.

de‧mol‧ish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ $ dɪˈmɑː-/ [transitive]

to completely destroy a building: The entire east wing of the building was demolished in the fire

white sth out

to cover something written on paper, especially a mistake, with a special white liquid so that it cannot be seen any more

mow

to cut grass using a machine: It's time to mow the lawn again

get on

to deal with a job or situation or to make progress:;How is George getting on at school?;get on with;How are you getting on with your essay?;

work through something

to deal with problems or unpleasant feelings:;After someone dies, it can take a long time to work through your grief.;

put all your eggs in one basket

to depend completely on one thing or one course of action in order to get success, so that you have no other plans if this fails: When planning your investments, it's unwise to put all your eggs in one basket

I like to listen to music but he doesn't like...

to do

be forever doing something

to do something often, especially in a way that annoys people SYN be always doing something:;He's forever making comments about my weight.;

sell somebody down the river

to do something that harms a group of people who trusted you, in order to gain money or power for yourself;

do something under protest

to do something while making it clear that you do not want to do it:;The bill was eventually paid under protest

pull over

to drive to the side of the road and stop your car, or to make someone else do this: The policeman signalled to him to pull over

cash(v)

to exchange a cheque etc for the amount of money it is worth: Traveller's cheques can be cashed at most hotels for a small charge

make your excuses

to explain why you are not able to do something:;Please make my excuses at the meeting tomorrow.

misunderstand

to fail to understand someone or something correctly: Rachel, you must have misunderstood her! Ellie would never say something like that

be in love (with somebody)

to feel that you love someone and want to have a romantic relationship with them: We were both young and very much in love. | Karen was in love with a man who was much older than her

fire, SYN

to force someone to leave their job SYN sack: She didn't want to get fired; I'm afraid of being fired

intimidate

to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want;intimidate somebody into doing something;They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them.;Attempts to intimidate her failed.;

come down with something

to get an illness:;I think I'm coming down with a cold.;

dispose of something

to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of:;an incinerator built to dispose of toxic waste;

read (somebody) the riot act

to give someone a strong warning that they must stop causing trouble - used humorously:;If the kids don't settle down soon, I'll go up and read them the riot act

let somebody down lightly/gently

to give someone bad news in a way that will not upset them too much:;I get asked out on dates quite often, but I always try to let the guy down gently

regress, OPP

to go back to an earlier and worse condition, or to a less developed way of behaving OPP progress: The patient had regressed to a state of childish dependency

move away

to go to live in a different area:;My best friend moved away when I was ten. ;

deserve

to have earned something by good or bad actions or behaviour:;What have I done to deserve this?;deserve to do something;We didn't deserve to win

date from something (also date back to something) phrasal verb

to have existed since a particular time in the past: The church dates from the 13th century

kick

to hit something with your foot : Billy was kicking a ball around the yard

wax and wane

to increase and decrease over time:;Interest in the show has waxed and waned.;

get away

to leave a place, especially when this is not easy:;The meeting dragged on, and I didn't get away until seven

sleep in

to let yourself sleep later than usual in the morning:;We usually sleep in on Sunday mornings

bring up, SYN

to look after and influence a child until he or she is grown up SYN raise:;He was brought up by his grandparents

admire

to look at something and think how beautiful or impressive it is:;We stopped halfway to admire the view.;Sal stood back to admire her work.;We went up to the top floor of the building to admire the view

have a crush on somebody

to love and be sexually attracted to someone you are not having a relationship with, usually someone older: Jane had a crush on the German teacher.;

be infatuated with somebody

to love someone a lot and keep thinking about them, in a way that seems silly because you do not know them very well: He became infatuated with a woman he met at a conference

be devoted to somebody

to love someone very much and give them a lot of attention: He was devoted to his wife and his children.

launch, SYN

to make a computer program start SYN open: launch the browser

تسلي دادن به مادرم

to make my mother relaxed/ comfortable/ solace

amuse

to make someone laugh or smile:;He made funny faces to amuse the children.;The question seemed to amuse him in some way

kick sb out, SYN

to make someone leave a place, job etc SYN throw out: Bernard's wife kicked him out

make a monkey (out) of somebody

to make someone seem stupid

exaggerate

to make something seem better, larger, worse etc than it really is:;I couldn't sleep for three days - I'm not exaggerating.;it's easy/difficult/impossible to exaggerate something;It's difficult to exaggerate the importance of sleep.;

raise your eyebrows

to move your eyebrows upwards in order to show surprise or disapproval: 'Really?' she said, raising her eyebrows. This decision caused a few raised eyebrows (=surprised some people)

behave yourself, OPP

to not do things that annoy or offend people OPP misbehave: hope Nicholas behaved himself at the party

go hungry

to not have enough to eat: Thousands of families go hungry every day.

expel

to officially force someone to leave a school or organization: Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs(for school, organization, country(for foreigners))

pro'scribe,SYN

to officially say that something is not allowed to exist or be done SYN forbid, prohibit: The Act proscribes discrimination on the grounds of race

announce

to officially tell people about something, especially about a plan or a decision:;They announced their engagement in 'The Times'; announce something to somebody;Cordon announced his resignation to staff members on Wednesday.;

stand against somebody/something

to oppose a person, organization, plan, decision etc:;She hadn't the strength to stand against her aunt's demands.;There are only a hundred of them standing against an army of 42,000 troops.;

rebel

to oppose or fight against someone in authority or against an idea or situation which you do not agree with;rebel against;teenage boys rebelling against their parents; 2. written if your stomach, legs, mind etc rebel, you cannot do or believe something you think you should:;He knew he ought to eat, but his stomach rebelled;

down'town

to or in the centre or main business area of a town or city: I have to go downtown later

lure

to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or dangerous, by making it seem attractive or exciting: People may be lured into buying tickets by clever advertising

endanger

to put someone or something in danger of being hurt, damaged, or destroyed:;Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby's life.;charges of child endangerment ;;

glance

to quickly look at someone or something;: The man glanced nervously at his watch.;In everyday English, people often say take a quick look at/through etc something rather than glance at/through etc something:;▪ I took a quick look at my watch

tape

to record sound or pictures onto a tape: Would you mind if I taped this conversation?

com'mute

to regularly travel a long distance to get to work: Jim commutes to Manhattan every day

lie in

to remain in bed in the morning for longer than usual : During the week I usually wake up at 6:30 a.m. Sometimes I lie In bed for a few minutes, but then I have to get up and get dressed.

recall

to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past: we recall our chinease memories.

take sth of , OPP

to remove a piece of clothing OPP put on: He sat on the bed to take his boots off

greet

to say hello to someone or welcome them: Belinda greeted her warmly

blame

to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad: Don't blame me - it's not my fault. I blame his mother. She does everything for him

put

to say or write something using words in a particular way;put something well/cleverly/simply etc;The question was well put.;So it was an accident, an 'act of God' if you want to put it like that.

have somebody to thank for (doing) something

to say that you are grateful to someone who is responsible for something good happening. This expression is sometimes used humorously to mean that you are not grateful for what someone has done:;I have Phil to thank for getting me my first job.;And who do I have to thank for that mess on my desk?;

accuse

to say that you believe someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad;accuse somebody of (doing) something;He was accused of murder.;Smith accused her of lying.;The professor stands accused of (=has been accused of) stealing his student's ideas and publishing them.;—accuser noun [countable];

go Dutch (with somebody)

to share the cost of a meal in a restaurant;

give somebody the finger

to show someone you are angry with them in a very offensive way by holding up your middle finger with the back of your hand facing them;

He was driving too fast, so I asked him...

to slow down

ruin

to spoil or destroy something completely: All this mud's going to ruin my shoes

stage a comeback/recovery etc

to start doing something again or being successful, after you had stopped or not been successful for some time:;He staged an amazing comeback

go ahead

to start to do something, especially after planning it or asking permission to do it;. Is anybody sitting here? No, go ahead.

alight

to step out of a vehicle after a journey;alight from;She alighted from the train at 74th Street.;; passengers must not alight from the bus whilest it is in motion

adhere

to stick firmly to something;adhere to;The eggs of these fish adhere to plant leaves.;adhere to something phrasal verb formal;to continue to behave according to a particular rule, agreement, or belief:;We adhere to the principles of equal rights and freedom of expression for all.;I have adhered strictly to the rules.

babysit

to take care of children while their parents are away for a short time: a babysitting service, babysitter{C}

take over

to take control of something: His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over

withdraw, SYN

to take money out of a bank account SYN take out: I'd like to withdraw £500 from my current account

involved

to take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way: I don't want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame

adopt

to take someone else's child into your home and legally become its parent;Sally was adopted when she was four.;The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.;

bring sth back

to take something or someone with you when you come back from somewhere: Don't forget to bring something back for the kids

congratulate

to tell someone that you are happy because they have achieved something or because something nice has happened to them: He never even stopped to congratulate me; He never even stopped to congratulate me: She congratulated me warmly on my exam results; congratulate somebody for (doing) something: All three are to be congratulated for doing so well; congratulatory messages; Give Oscar my congratulations

devote

to use all or most of your time, effort etc in order to do something or help someone SYN dedicate;devote your time/energy/attention etc to something;He devoted his energies to writing films.;devote yourself to something;She devoted herself full-time to her business.;REGISTER;In everyday English, people usually say put time/energy etc into something rather than devote time/energy etc to something:;▪ He put a lot of time into the project

borrow

to use something that belongs to someone else and that you must give back to them later ⇒ lend, loan:;Can I borrow your pen for a minute?; Do not confuse borrow and lend (=give someone permission to use something of yours): I borrowed his bike. | Can you lend me your pen?;

bite

to use your teeth to cut, crush, or chew something: The dog bite him and made his hand bleed

She is kind ... me but I'm not kind ... her

to, to

propositions of listen, talk , speak, play, call, help, look, wait

to, to, to&with( usually: to--> phone, with: face to face), with, ---, ---, at&for, for

Sara is in his car. She is on her way ... work/... home

to,...

get accepted ... a university/...a course/... a job interview

to/for/for: to only for university

prefer sth ... sth else

to: child that prefers his imaginary world to reality

get through

tolerate, stand

هشت روز ديگر

tomorrow week

exhausted

too tired

I've never taken a ... tour

tour guide

OPP of modern

traditional; old

Transportation verb: travel by

train, plain

go travelling

travel, go on a trip

[behave you like a child]

treat you like a child

نحوه رفتار با مهمان ها

treatment to guests

diff. trip, journey

trip: short(in time or distance: 2 days/tTehran to Karaj); Jurney: long(in time or distance: weeks or months)

[two of them have closet]

two of them have closets

twin beds

two single beds in a room = two same beds for twins

bunk beds bunk beds

two single beds joined together one above the other: The kids love sleeping in bunk beds

Read price 2500

two thousands five hundereds=twenty five hundered

'fortnight

two weeks: a fortnight ago

'youthful

typical of young people, or seeming young

OPP of kind

un'kind

understand vs. realize or recognize

understand by mental or feeling . Realize& recognize --> know but, forgot

OPP of friendly

unfreiendly

lonely,SYN

unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to SYN lonesome: Tammy felt very lonely when she first arrived in New York. | Our neighbor George is a very lonely man. | I get so lonesome here with no one to talk to; Do not use lonely to mean 'without anyone else'. Use alone: She is afraid to travel alone (NOT travel lonely).;

OPP of kind

unkind, mean

OPP of reliable

unreliable

narrow-minded

unwilling to accept or understand new or different ideas, opinions, or customs SYN prejudiced OPP broadminded:;His attitude is narrow-minded and insensitive.;narrow-minded nationalism;

re'served

unwilling to express your emotions or talk about your problems: Ellen was a shy, reserved girl

adj.s for lip

upper , lower , top , bottom , ( thin , thick , full )=( thin , large , round )

... eye drops once a night

use

[work with a computer]

use a computer

use every possible excuse

use every excuse in the book : He used every excuse in the book to avoid seeing the doctor

In the past sth happened in the middle of sth else

use simple past and past continuous together: He burned his hand while he was cooking dinner. - It was raining when I got up.yesterday I saw you on the park while you were sitting on the grass and reading a book. - Use simple past when sth happened after sth else: I was walking downtown when I saw Dave. I stopped and talked to him for a while. -* When Karen arrived, we were having dinner ( we had already started before she arrived). - When Karen arrived, we had dinner( She arrived, and then we had dinner together). - I was having a good time at the party, but Chris wanted to go home(NOT was wanting. want and some other verbs are not usually used in continuous form)

by the way

use to change the subject of dialogue

maam

used to address a woman in a polite and respectful way: May I help you, ma'am? 2. used to address the Queen or another woman in authority

whatever happened to somebody/something

used to ask where a person or thing is now:;Whatever happened to Steve? I haven't seen him for years.;

something

used to mean a particular thing when you do not know its name or do not know exactly what it is: There's something in my eye;

you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs

used to say that it is impossible to achieve anything important without causing a few problems

let's face it, SYN

used to say that someone must accept an unpleasant fact or situation SYN let's be honest : Let's face it, no one's going to lend us any money

there is no excuse for something

used to say that someone's behaviour is too bad to be explained or accepted:;There is no excuse for such rudeness

de'spite, SYN

used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it SYN in spite of: Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it

I'm not suggesting

used to say that what you have said is not exactly what you intended to say:;I'm not suggesting for one moment that these changes will be easy

let's just say (that)

used to say that you are not going to give someone all the details about something:;'So who did it?' 'Let's just say it wasn't anyone in this family.';

my lips are sealed

used to say that you will not tell anyone about a secret

will

used to show that someone is willing or ready to do something:used to show that someone is willing or ready to do something:;; she won't tell me but I don't care.

thank God/goodness/heavens

used to show that you are very glad about something:;Thank God that's over! I've never been so nervous in my life!;

somebody won't thank you (for doing something)

used to tell someone that another person will be annoyed because of what they have done:;I know you're just trying to help, but he won't thank you for telling him how to do it.;

somebody/something happens to be something

used when telling someone something in an angry way:;This happens to be my house!;

stuff

used when you are talking about things such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are: How do you think you're going to fit all that stuff into the car?

pardon

used when you want someone to repeat something because you did not hear it:;'Hurry up Jonathan!' 'Pardon?' 'I said hurry up!';

a container used to put flowers in or for decoration

vase[C]. I knocked the vase over while I was cleaning it and it got broken

I ... recently; I ... for six year

ve graduated; 've been graduated

مخمل/مخملي

velvet

luxury

very beatiful & expensive: The manager drove a luxury car

a'ssiduous, SYN

very careful to make sure that something is done properly or completely SYN meticulous

jet blach

very dark black: he has jet-black hair; NOT hairs. One thread of hair: countable: I'm starting to get a few grey hairs

o'bese

very fat in a way that is unhealthy

ter‧rif‧ic /təˈrɪfɪk/ , SYN

very good, especially in a way that makes you feel happy and excited SYN great: The actress who played the lawyer was terrific

bearthtaking

very impressive, exciting, or surprising:;The view from my bedroom window was absolutely breathtaking.;

meek

very quiet and gentle and unwilling to argue with people: He was always so meek and mild

A video (rental) store sells...

videos to rent or buy

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