WE WANT 1ST

ISIS Setbacks (years)

2017 and 2018

How many refugees have fled Syria? To where?

5 million, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey

China's cyber strategy is outlines in...

5-year plan Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025

How many formal branches of ISIS are there?

8

ISIS leader 2017

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

ISIS external branches

Afghanistan, Libya, the Sinai, and Yemen

ASAT

Anti-satellite

Al-Qa'ida leader... said...

Ayman al-Zawahiri, he wanted to "exhaust America and bleed her to death"

Why are many Middle Eastern Countries closing their borders?

Because public service provisions and government finances are being overtaxed, living standards are declining, labor markets are narrowing, and they perceive a lack of burden sharing by countries outside the region

Chang'e

Chang'e 5 is a Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) lunar sample return mission. The mission goal was to land on the moon and operate for up to one lunar day (two weeks) and return a roughly 2 kg sample of lunar regolith. The return capsule returned to Earth after landing in the Siziwang Banner grassland of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China.

Gaofen

Chinese high-resolution Earth observation satellites. Gaofen-4 is China's first geosynchronous orbit remote sensing satellite featuring a visible light and infra-red staring optical imager with a common optical system

Operation Cloud Hopper

Chinese responsible for trying to hack IT server and get government information

Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Chinese satellite navigation system that is comprised of 35 satellites in the constellation. ➢ 27x Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) ➢ 3x Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) ➢ 5x Geosynchronous (GEO)

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

Circle, 23,000 above ES Adv: Hemispheric coverage Disadv: Far from Earth, Easy to Jam App: Communication, surveillance, reconnaissance, weather collection, missile warning ES= Earth's surface

Low Earth Orbit

Circular, 1,000 above ES Adv: Near Earth - high resolution and signal strength Disadv: Small coverage area over Earth surface Limited coverage windows for any specific geographic region App: Surveillance, reconnaissance, weather, collection Manned space flight, communications

Medium Earth Orbit

Circular-ish, 1,000-22,000 above ES Adv: Stable orbit Less signal latency Disadv: Highest radiation level environment App: Positioning, navigation, and timing Communication

Russian focuses

Communications; positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT); geolocation; and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance

What causes population displacement?

Conflicts

Highly Elliptical Orbit

Ellipse, 600-25,000 from ES Adv: Long dwell time over North or South latitudes Disadv: Need multiple satellites App: Communication over high North or South latitudes, scientific, surveillance, reconnaissance, missile warning

SVR

Foreign Intelligence Service Responsible for: SolarWinds

FSB

Foreign Security Service Responsible for: global targets, APT groups

Advantages for CCDRs

Freedom of Action, Overflight, Global Perspective, Responsiveness, Multi-user capacity, Speed, Reach, Persistence

GLONASS

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is a global GNSS owned and operated by the Russian Federation. The operational system consists of 24+ satellites in MEO.

ISIS goal 2017

Global caliphate

Difference between ISIS Al-Qa'ida

ISIS advocates the immediate creation of a caliphate and implementation of its ideology, while al-Qa'ida is more willing to compromise with local groups over ideology and the implementation of its version of Islamic law

Chinese Network Systems Department

Is responsible for cyberwarfare, technical reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and psychological warfare. Its current major target is the United States

Chinese Space Systems Department

Is responsible for nearly all PLA space operations, including space launch and support; space surveillance; space information support; space telemetry, tracking, and control; and space warfare.

Man-made threats (Intentional)

Jamming, lasing, cyberspace attacks, antisatellite weapons

Iran and North Korea

Less capable, respond to challenges

Countries where ISIS power has been degraded

Libya, Afghanistan, Philippines

GRU

Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces Responsible for: Pentagon hack DNC hack

Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

Military users depend on assured positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems for precise and accurate geo-location, navigation, and time reference services. PNT information, whether from space-based global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), such as Global Positioning System, or non-GNSS sources, is considered mission-essential for virtually every modern weapons system.

MSS

Ministry of State Security

Weakest components

Mobile devices, Internet of Things (IoT)

PLASSF

People's Liberation Army of Strategic Support forces

ISIS monthly magazine

Rumiyah

Man-made threats (Unintentional)

Satellite debris, electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Natural threats

Solar activity, radiation, natural orbital debris

What countries' conflicts does Al-Qa'ida exploit?

Syria, Yemen

Nudol

The Russian PL-19 Nudol system is a variant of the A-235 antimissile system developed by the Nudol Design Bureau. It is primarily focused on anti-satellite mission. It is the 19th system observed at the Plesetsk launch facility hence PL-19. It is expected that Russian anti-satellite weapons will be aimed at communications satellites and imagery intelligence satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO).

Chinese Space Station

The Tiangong Space Station, once completed, will be roughly one-fifth the mass of the International Space Station. We expect the Chinese space station in low Earth orbit (LEO) to be operational between 2022 and 2024.

Who does Al-Qa'ida likely want to be their next leader?

Usama Bin Laden's son: Hamza bin Ladin (he wants revenge for father's death)

The PLA Strategic Support Force (SSF)

a theater command-level organization established to centralize the PLA's strategic space, cyber, electronic, and psychological warfare missions and capabilities.

Nuclear Detonation Detection

capabilities provide persistent, global, and integrated sensors to provide surveillance coverage of critical regions of the globe and provide warning and assessment recommendations to the President, Secretary of Defense (SecDef), and CCDRs, indicating place, height of burst, and yield of nuclear detonations.

Yaogan

comprehensive Chinese earth-observing and remote-sensing satellite platform. Chinese military uses it for intelligence gathering

Russia has many...that are not connected to the....

cybercriminals, state

Space Control

includes offensive space control and defensive operations to ensure freedom of action in space and, when directed, defeat efforts to interfere with or attack US or allied space systems. Uses a broad range of response options to provide continued, sustainable use of space. Contributes to space deterrence by employing a variety of measures to assure the use of space; attributing enemy attacks; and being consistent with the right to self-defense, target-threat space capabilities.

Satellite Operations (SATOPS)

involves the maneuver, configuration, operations and sustainment of on-orbit assets. In a conflict, satellite operations are critical to the C2, movement and maneuver, protection and sustainment of space assets.

Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

is the requisite foundational, current, and predictive knowledge and characterization of space objects and the operational environment (OE) upon which space operations depend—including physical, virtual, information, and human dimensions—as well as all factors, activities, and events of all entities conducting, or preparing to conduct, space operations. Space surveillance capabilities include a mix of space-based and round-based sensors. It is dependent on integrating space surveillance, collection, and processing; environmental monitoring; status of US and cooperative satellite systems; understanding of US and multinational space readiness; and analysis of the space domain.

Russia and China

main adversaries, goal to deny or disrupt

Space Domain

no atmospheric effects present, USSPACECOM AOR 100 km or 54 nautical miles above average sea level

Environmental Monitoring

provides information on meteorological and oceanographic factors that affect military operations. Space environmental monitoring provides data that supports forecasts, alerts, and warnings for the space environment that may affect space capabilities, space operations, and their terrestrial users. Environmental monitoring support to joint operations gives the JFC awareness of the OE.

Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance

synchronizes and integrates sensors, assets, and systems for gathering data and information on an object or in an area of interest on a persistent, event-driven, or scheduled basis. Space based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, which includes overhead persistent infrared (OPIR), is conducted by an organization's intelligence collection manager to ensure integrated, synchronized, and deconflicted operations of high-demand assets.

Satellite Communications (SATCOM)

systems inherently facilitate beyond line-of-sight connectivity. Depending on its configuration, a robust architecture provides either equatorial coverage (nonpolar) or high-latitude coverage (includes poles). This provides national and strategic leadership with a means to maintain situational awareness and convey their intent to the operational commanders responsible for conducting joint operations.

Spacelift

the ability to deliver payloads (satellites or other materials) into space. Satellite Operations Satellite operations maneuver, configure, operate, and sustain on-orbit spacecraft. In a conflict, satellite operations are critical to the command and control (C2), movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment of space capabilities

Missile Warning

uses a mix of OPIR and ground-based radars. Missile warning supports the warning mission executed by North American Aerospace Defense Command to notify national leaders of a missile attack against North America, as well as attacks against multinational partners (via shared early warning) in other geographic regions. It also includes notification to combatant commands (CCMDs), multinational partners, and forward-deployed personnel of missile attack and the assessment of a missile attack if the applicable CCMD or multinational partner is unable to do so