WEAX 201, Mod 6 EOM
If the sea level pressure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is 1016 mb, the strongest summertime sea breeze along the New Jersey coast would occur when the sea level pressure just east of Atlantic City, New Jersey is: 1017 mb 1016 mb 1019 mb 1015 mb
1019
In terms of the three-cell general circulation model, the driest regions of the earth should be near: 30o latitude and 60o latitude the equator and the polar regions the equator and 30o latitude the equator and 60o latitude 30o latitude and the polar regions
30o latitude and the polar regions
Pedaling a bicycle into a 20 knot wind will require about __ as much effort as pedaling into a 10 knot wind.
4 times
In summer, during the passage of a sea breeze, which of the following is not usually observed? a drop in temperature a drop in relative humidity a wind shift an increase in relative humidity
A drop in relative humidity.
Match the type of weather you would expect over these North America locations during a strong La Niña. A. The Ohio Valley B. Washington State C. The southern portions of the Gulf of Mexico states and North Florida
A. wet and warm B. cool C. warm and dry
Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) can occur:
All of the above
In the general circulation of the atmosphere, one would find the region called the doldrums: near 30° latitude at the equator at the poles near 60° latitude
At the equator.
Which of the winds below is not considered to be a cold wind? Texas norther mistral California norther bora blizzard
California norther.
Major ocean currents that flow parallel to the coast of North America are: Labrador, Canary, California California, Gulf Stream, Labrador Kuroshio, California, Labrador Labrador, Canary, Gulf Stream
California, Gulf Stream, Labrador
In the Northern Hemisphere, air found to the north of the polar front is __, while air further south is __: cold, warm cold, cold warm, cold warm, warm
Cold, Warm
Clouds and precipitation are frequently found on the downwind side of a large lake. This would indicate that the air on the downwind side is:
Converging and rising.
Match the type of weather you would expect over these North America locations during a strong El Niño: The southern portions of the Gulf of Mexico states and most of Florida The Ohio Valley Western Canada
Cool and wet Dry Warm
Why do the major ocean currents in the North Indian Ocean reverse direction between summer and winter?
Due to upwelling created during monsoons.
During a major El Nino event:
Extensive ocean warming occurs over the tropical Pacific.
Which of the following does not describe the subtropical jet stream? forms along the polar front generally blows from west to east is found at the tropospause is normally equatorward of the polar front jet stream
Forms along the polar front.
Which of the following is not considered to be a katabatic wind? bora mistral haboob mountain breeze fall wind
Haboob.
A valley breeze would develop its maximum strength:
In early afternoon.
Surface winds are generally strongest and most gusty:
In the afternoon.
A strong, usually cold, downslope wind is called a: valley wind katabatic wind monsoon wind haboob wind chinook wind
Katabatic wind.
A condition where the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean turns cooler than normal is called: El Nino La Nina the Southern Oscillation the Ekman Spiral
La Nina.
During the summer in humid climates, nighttime clouds tend to form over water during a:
Land breeze.
The smallest scale of atmospheric motion is the:
Microscale.
A northeaster along the east coast of the United States is best developed when a low pressure area: moves from west to east over Canada moves eastward over the Great Lakes moves northward over Ohio moves northeastward from the Texas panhandle moves northeastward over the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the coast
Moves northeastward over the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the coast.
The greatest wind speed ever recorded at the earth's surface occurred at: Long's Peak, Colorado Cheyenne, Wyoming Miami, Florida Mt. Pleasant, Iowa Mt. Washington, New Hampshire
Mt. Washington, New Hampshire
A model city is to be constructed in the middle of an uninhabited region. The wind rose in Problem 1 of the Problems and Exercises at the end of Chapter 9 shows the annual frequency of wind directions for this region. With the aid of the wind rose, match the direction from the center of the rose (for example to the southwest) where the following should be located: _____ Industry _____ Parks and schools _____ Sewage disposal plants _____ Shopping centers and housing
NE SW NE SW
A phenomenon in the Atlantic Ocean, similar to the southern oscillation, is the
North Atlantic Oscillation
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a region where: the polar front meets the subtropical high northeast trades meet the southeast trades northeast trades converge with the subtropical high the Ferrel cell converges with the Hadley cell polar easterlies converge with the air at the doldrums
Northeast trades meet the southeast trades
The large semi-permanent surface anticyclone that is normally positioned over the ocean, west of California, is called the:
Pacific high
A wind reported as 225o would be a wind blowing from the:
SW
Locate the following cities on a world map. Then, based on the general circulation of surface winds (Figure 10.5 (a) January), match the prevailing wind for each location during January. Portland, Oregon Oslo, Norway Rio De Janiero, Brazil Beijing, China Kuwait Sydney, Australia Richmond, Virginia Lima, Peru
SW W SW N NE S N S
Which below would not be considered an onshore wind?
Santa Ana wind.
When a sea breeze moving north meets a sea breeze moving south they form a:
Sea breeze convergence zone.
Generally, along the polar front one would not expect to observe:
Sinking air aloft.
On a weather map of the Northern Hemisphere, the trade winds would be observed:
South of the subtropical highs.
Low pressure becomes best developed over the Asian continent in: summer winter fall spring
Summer.
You are given an upper-level map that shows the position of two jet streams. If one is the polar front jet and the other the subtropical jet. How would you be able to tell which one is which?
The polar front jet will be located farther north and is associated with a sudden change in pressure along the front which sets up a steep pressure gradient intensifying wind speed and is closer to the surface. The subtropical jet forms along the poleward side of the hadley cell in the vicinity of strong temperature gradients and sit higher in elevation.
The prevailing winds in southern Florida are northeasterly. Knowing this, would you expect the strongest sea breezes to be along the east or west coast of southern Florida? What about the strongest land breezes?
The strongest sea breezes would be on Florida's east coast and the strongest land breezes would be on the it's west coast.
The Ekman Spiral describes:
The turning of water with depth.
Cumulus clouds that appear above isolated mountain peaks are often the result of:
Valley breezes.
Explain why cities near large bodies of cold water in summer experience well-developed sea breezes, but only poorly developed land breezes?
Well-developed sea breezes are due to large daytime temperature and pressure differences that exist between the cool water and the warm land. If the water is quite cool, at night the land will be unable to cool to a temperature lower than that of the water. Consequently, at night pressure differences will be small and a land breeze will be unlikely.
According to the three-cell general circulation model, at the equator we would not expect to find:
a ridge of high pressure
In the Northern Hemisphere, the polar jet stream is strongest when:
air north of the polar front is much colder than air south of the polar front
In the Northern Hemisphere, the polar jet stream is strongest when: air north of the polar front is much colder than air south of the polar front air north of the polar front is much warmer than air south of the polar front air temperatures on opposite sides of the polar front are about equal air temperatures on the East Coast of the US are much colder than on the West Coast of the US
air north of the polar front is much colder than air south of the polar front
On a clear, windy day, the depth to which mixing occurs above the surface depends upon: the wind speed surface heating the landscape all of these factors
all of these factors
Air moving eastward more slowly than the earth rotates, would appear to be __ wind to an observer on the earth. a counterclockwise an east an upward a west
an east
Thermal turbulence above the surface is usually most severe:
at the time of maximum surface heating
A sea breeze is most likely to develop along a coastline when
away from the shore, pressure gradients are small.
Vertical wind shear is the rapid _____ in wind speed or _____ with increasing or decreasing altitude. When the shear exceeds a _____ value, waves break into large swirls with significant vertical movement. When this happens in clear air it's called _____ .
change direction certain clear air turbulence
Which below has the least influence on determining how high a wind wave will grow over the open ocean?
density of water
The winter monsoon in eastern and southern Asia is characterized by: wet weather and winds blowing from land to sea wet weather and winds blowing from sea to land dry weather and winds blowing from sea to land dry weather and winds blowing from land to sea
dry weather and winds blowing from land to sea
A katabatic wind on the Oregon coast would most likely blow from the east north west south
east
In South Florida the prevailing winds are northeasterly. Because of this, the strongest sea breeze is usually observed on Florida's __ coast, and the strongest land breeze on Floida's __ coast.
east, west
Which of the following conditions favor the development of dust devils?
hot, dry days
Surface winds are generally strongest and most gusty:
in the afternoon
The region of strongest winds within a jet stream is called a: jet spray jet flow jet streak jet front
jet streak
A strong, usually cold, downslope wind is called a:
katabatic wind
The difference in surface wind speed between morning and afternoon is typically different on a clear, sunny day than on a cloudy, overcast day. In clear weather there is usually a _____ variation in atmospheric stability between morning and afternoon. Mornings are often characterized by a stable radiation inversion, and afternoons by a(n) _____ atmosphere and strong vertical mixing. The greater atmospheric instability on clear days tends to link surface air with the air above and produce stronger surface wind speeds. On overcast days the earth's surface does not warm as much, the atmosphere is more _____ , and much less vertical mixing occurs.
larger unstable stable
The name given to a wind system that seasonally changes direction is: katabatic chinook mountain breeze monsoon diurnal breeze
monsoon
In Honolulu, Hawaii (latitude 21o N), you would most likely experience winds blowing from the: southwest northwest northeast south
northeast
Two reasons why pilots prefer to fly in the core of a jet stream rather than just above or below it are _____. potential tail winds and less atmospheric stability potential tail winds and lack of wind speed effects on flight characteristics potential tail winds and less turbulence less turbulence and lack of wind speed effects on flight characteristics lack of wind speed effects on flight characteristics and less atmospheric stability less atmospheric stability and turbulence
potential tail winds and less turbulence
Upwelling is:
the rising of cold water from below
If the earth's surface was homogeneous (either all land or all water), the semipermanent highs and lows would disappear altogether the semipermanent highs and lows would be stronger the semipermanent highs and lows would be weaker the semipermanent highs and lows wouldn't change in intensity
the semipermanent highs and lows would disappear altogether
On a surface weather map during the month of July, one would expect to find what type of pressure system over the desert southwest of the United States?
thermal low
The cold water observed along the northern California coast in summer is due mainly to: evaporation the California current upwelling cold air moving over the water oceanic fronts
upwelling
The friction of fluid flow is called:
viscosity
The majority of the United States lies within this wind belt: westerlies easterlies northerlies trades southerlies
westerlies
An abrupt change in wind speed or wind direction is called: wind shear an air pocket flurry squall
wind shear
The average winds aloft are strongest in: winter summer spring fall
winter