Web Programming

Web Server account

...Every Web server has an ip address and possibly a domain name, the server then fetches the page named index.html and sends it to the browser.

URL Fragments

A fragment is an internal page reference, sometimes called a named anchor. It usually appears at the end of a URL and begins with a hash (#) character followed by an identifier. It refers to a section within a web page. In HTML documents, the browser looks for an anchor tag with a name attribute matching the fragment.

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

A protocol available with the proprietary version of SSH that copies files between hosts securely. Like FTP, SFTP first establishes a connection with a host and then allows a remote user to browse directories, list files, and copy files. Unlike FTP, SFTP encrypts data before transmitting it.

Absolute URL

Absolute URLs contain more information than relative urls, as they also include the protocol (e.g http://) and the domain name. Example of an absolute URL: 1 <a href="http://yourdomain.co.uk/yourfolder">A Folder</a> You must use absolute URLs when linking to other websites not located on the same domai

HTML character entity

An HTML entity is a piece of text ("string") that begins with an ampersand ( & ) and ends with a semicolon ( ; ) . Entities are frequently used to display reserved characters (which would otherwise be interpreted as HTML code), and invisible characters (like non-breaking spaces)

Mailto Links

An e-mail address for users to contact the Web site's headquarters"mailto" can be used within an HTML document to generate a link for sending email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send email</a>

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

An international community that develops open standards for the Web.

Whitespace

Any character that shows up as a blank space on the screen, such as a space, a tab, or a new line; helps separate different parts of the document to make it easier to read

Hiding Directory Listings

As a security best practice it is recommended to disable directory listing. You can disable directory listing by creating an empty index file (index.php, index.html or any other extension your web server is configured to parse) in the relevant directory.

Inline Elements vs. Block Elements

Basically, an inline element does not cause a line break (start on a new line) and does not take up the full width of a page, only the space bounded by its opening and closing tag. It is usually used within other HTML elements.A block-level element always starts on a new line and takes up the full width of a page, from left to right. A block-level element can take up one line or multiple lines and has a line break before and after the element.

Bits, Bytes, Character Encodings

Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system. Depending on the abstraction level and context, corresponding code points and the resulting code space may be regarded as bit patterns, octets, natural numbers, electrical pulses, etc

Hyperlinks

Clickable connections that link text or images to other pages of the website, out to external websites, or to files posted on a website

Empty Elements Vs. Container Elements

Container Elements: HTML container elements require a starting as well as an ending tag. Empty Element: HTML empty elements require just a starting tag and not an ending tag. These are the tags which have no content inside them. ... They have opening as well as closing tags

Deprecated HTML

Generally, "deprecated" means something disapproved. In IT, deprecated elements are the ones that are allowed, but not recommended and are being replaced by newer ones. So, if you see a "deprecated code", it just means that it is not recommended to use, because there is a better alternative in that software that should be used instead.

HTML Syntax Guidelines

HTML is a markup language that consists primarily of tags that are enclosed inside angle brackets, for example, <p>. Most tags are paired to indicate the start and end of the text being marked up; an end tag is formed by including the tag inside the angle brackets with a forward slash, for example, </p>.

Image delivery/http keep alive

HTTP keep-alive, a.k.a., HTTP persistent connection, is an instruction that allows a single TCP connection to remain open for multiple HTTP requests/responses.

Meta Elements

Information about the data on a web page, such as descriptions and keywords about the page that are not visible when the page is displayed in a browser. Also known as meta tags.

Code editor

It provides the means for a programmer to create and modify (edit) programming language source code. Programs are written using human readable text, and then processed by other programs to make them perform the tasks dictated by the programmer. The style of text specifically precludes the use of formatting notations such as bold, italics, underlining, specific fonts, etc. For this reason, a plain text editor it used

Browser Wars

Microsoft vs Netscape

HTML Attribute

Provide HTML attributes with additional meaning and context.

Relative URL

Relative URLs are generally easier to work with as they are shorter and more portable, but can only link to pages on the same domain. Example of a relative URL: 1 <a href="/yourfolder/">The Home page of my website</a>

Graphics as links

See slide

HTML Image Element

The <img> tag defines an image in an HTML page. The <img> tag has two required attributes: src and alt. Note: Images are not technically inserted into an HTML page, images are linked to HTML pages. The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.

FTP client

The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server

Page Anchors

The anchor element is used to create hyperlinks between a source anchor and a destination anchor. The source is the text, image, or button that links to another resource and the destination is the resource that the source anchor links to. The anchor element tag is the letter "a" surrounded by angle brackets like this: <a>. Both the opening and closing attributes are required, and all of the content between the tags makes up the anchor source.

FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

The complete DNS name of a system, from its host name to the top-level domain name.

Virtual Hosting

The method by which one system is able to serve as a host for multiple domain names, thus allowing several systems to share a single IP address and the host system to share resources, such as memory, processor cycles, etc.

Code Editor

The place where you add the programming instructions to program your animation.

DNS (Domain Name Service)

The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

The standard coding language used to construct World Wide Web documents.

TTL (Time to Live)

Time to live (TTL) refers to the amount of time or "hops" that a packet is set to exist inside a network before being discarded by a router.

Title Attribute/Tooltop

Tooltip and Title both show information when the mouse hovers on a control. They both are used for showing tooltip text. But there is a little difference between them. Tooltip is used in server controls (e.g., Asp.Net controls), whereas Title is used in HTML controls.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Protocol that connects computers to the Internet. Tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator/URL Structure

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files). URLs have the following format: protocol://hostname/other_information

File size vs. image dimensions

Using the same picture from the Canon 6D camera, its original picture dimensions are 5472 x 3648 pixels. When the photo is saved as a raw file, its File Size is 24 MB. If I open that picture and save a new copy as a TIFF file, the File Size changes to 57 MB, even though it still has the same image size in pixels as the raw file. Last, if I save this same picture as a JPEG file with its original picture dimensions, it is only 11.8 MB.

id attribute

code used when creating a hyperlink to a specific part of the same page.

Pixels

dots that combine to create an image on a computer monitor.

HTML comments

start with <!-- and end with -->

First Electronic Computer

ENIAC

HTML Document

File that contains your website content and the HTML formatting instructions

HTML document

File that contains your website content and the HTML formatting instructions

Flow Control

Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace. Too much data arriving before a device can handle it causes data overflow, meaning the data is either lost or must be retransmitted.Time to live (TTL) refers to the amount of time or "hops" that a packet is set to exist inside a network before being discarded by a router. TTL is also used in other contexts including CDN caching and DNS caching.

Resizing/Aspect Ratio

When you resize images, most of the time you want to maintain aspect ratio. Maintaining aspect ratio is also known as "constraining proportions" in some graphic editing software (like Photoshop). It basically means that the width and height of the resized picture is enlarged/shrunk to proportion, so that the image does not look distorted after it has been resized.

Network

a group of two or more computer systems linked together

Packet

a single unit of binary data routed through a network

IP Address

a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.