Web Tech Chapter 2
<!DOCTYPE>
A declaration of document or code type embedded within an HTML, XHTML, XML or SGML document; identifies the version and markup language used.
site structure
HTML pages are usually placed in a directory, and all images and files used in that page are stored in subfolders with the same name.
tag nesting
Placing a pair of tags within another pair of tags
block-level element
a markup element that affects at least an entire paragraph
text-level element
a markup element that affects single characters or words
<head> </head>
allows you to insert <meta> tags (which describe the nature of the document), links to style sheets, and the <title> tag.
<body> </body>
begins the body of the document and includes all the content of the Web page, such as the text, video, hyperlinks and images
<meta> </meta>
can specify various information about the document, known as metadata. This metadata can include a document description, revision dates, and keywords to help search engines index the page. It also specifies the HTML5 character set used, which is usually UTF-8. The <meta> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
how to test code
check it against W3C
home page
main page of a website
<pre>
preformatted text tag. allows you to display plaintext files in their original format
element
provides the main instruction of the tag. An element is required in every tag. Elements include <body>, <p>, <h1>, <title>, <table> and many others.
<link>
references a style sheet and is recommended for HTML5. A style sheet usually has a .css file name extension and a file name similar to the page to which it is linked
<h1> (how many levels?)
six heading styles. h1 is largest, h6 is smallest
attribute
specifies a quality or describes a certain aspect of the element. An attribute is required in a tag only if the element requires it.
<p>
tag defines the start of a new paragraph
container tags
tags that come in pairs. Container tags use starting and ending tags. For example, when you want emphasis (italic) text, you will contain the text between starting and ending <em> </em> tags. These tags are also called the opening and closing tags.
empty tags
tags that stand alone. Empty tags are those that do not directly format a specified block of text, and therefore one tag can execute the instruction. For example, if you want to create a line break, you insert the <br> tag at the point you want the break to occur. Empty tags are also referred to as self-closing.
validation
the process of checking that the coding of a web page is in compliance with the standards and recommendations set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for the web.
<html> </html>
used as a container for the entire HTML document. It nests all code except for the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
<blockquote>
used to indicate the quotation of a large section of text from another source.
file extension preferences
The Windows operating systems do not show file name extensions by default.
DTD
defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes.
standalone non-empty tag
don't contain any content. non-container tags end in />
tags
embed the element information in the document so that a user agent will render text or other content as instructed by the associated element
value
gives value to the element and its attribute. For example, <a href="http://www.ciwcertified.com"> has a value that instructs the hyperlink to access the CIW Certified Web site. Values should be surrounded by quotation marks; they are not required, but placing values in quotation marks is considered good coding practice.
<title>
identifies the document title. Most browsers will display the title in the browse's title bar. The <title> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
<br/>
inserts a simple line break into the document. does not use a separate closing tag, so it follows a unique tag syntax. A closing slash is appended to every line break tag to make it a stand-alone non-empty tag, as follows: <br/>
