Week 5 Anesthetic Equipment I
How long do IM induction agents take to take effect?
10 to 20 minutes
The effect of intramuscular administration of an anesthetic drug is usually detected in
10-20 minutes
When inflating the cuff on an endotracheal tube, you should change to a larger diameter tube if cuff inflation requires injection of more than what volume of air?
2 mL
A 4 kg dog would require what size endotracheal tube?
2-5mm
A 1 kg cat would require what size endotracheal tube?
2.5- to 3-mm
A 4 kg cat would require what size endotracheal tube?
3.5-4 mm
The effect of intravenous administration of an anesthetic drug is usually detected in
30 to 60 seconds
An 18 kg adult dog of normal conformation would likely require a _____ endotracheal tube.
9- to 9.5-mm
Define 'laryngoscope'
A device used to increase the visibility of the larynx
Define 'supraglottic airway device'
A device used to maintain an open airway in an anesthetized patient that connects with the opening of the glottis
Which of the following scenarios would indicate anesthetic induction using an anesthetic chamber?
A feral, approx. 2-year-old 6 lb. Persian
Define 'endotracheal tube'
A flexible tube placed inside the trachea of an anesthetized patient to transfer anesthetic gases directly from the breathing circuit to the patient's trachea
Cone-shaped device used to administer oxygen and anesthetic gases via the nose and mouth
Anesthetic mask
Which of the following statements regarding anesthetic masks is true?
Anesthetic masks are cone-shaped devices used to administer oxygen and anesthetic gases.
Mask induction of anesthesia using inhalation agents is
Best accomplished using a volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids, such as isoflurane
A non-cuffed endotracheal tube would most likely be used in a
Bird
Which of the following statements regarding brachycephalic breeds is incorrect?
Brachycephalics often suffer from laryngospasm
A cardiac rhythm disturbance detected shortly after induction of anesthesia may be the result of any of the following except
Breathing oxygen-enriched air
Immediately after tracheal intubation in a 3-kg cat you notice extreme respiratory distress. The most likely cause is
Bronchial intubation
If you must inflate the cuff of an endotracheal tube with more than 2 mL of air, what should you do?
Change the endotracheal tube out with a larger one.
A Cole tube would most likely be used in which animal?
Chicken
Cole tubes are commonly used in the following animals, except
Chihuahua
Which of the following statements concerning endotracheal intubation is false?
Choosing a tube that is too short may cause increased mechanical dead space
Define 'atelectasis'
Collapsed alveoli
Define 'anesthetic mask'
Cone-shaped device used to administer oxygen and anesthetic gases via the nose and mouth
The tube will have condensation when the patient exhales
Cuff
After lubricating, placing, and inflating the cuff of an endotracheal tube, you notice a sudden decrease in heart rate. The most likely cause is
Cuff my be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia
What is an indicator of readiness for intubation?
Decreased jaw tone
Which of the following indicates improper placement of an endotracheal tube?
Detecting two rigid tubes in the neck area.
Which of the following indicates the endotracheal tube has not been placed properly?
Detecting two rigid tubes in the neck area.
A flexible tube placed inside the trachea of an anesthetized patient to transfer anesthetic gases directly from the breathing circuit to the patient's trachea
Endotracheal tube
Which of the following statements concerning endotracheal intubation is true
Failure to cuff the tube may result in aspiration of foreign material.
Which of the following is least useful for detecting the proper placement of an endotracheal tube?
Feeling air come out of the tube when pressing on the chest
Which of the following techniques are used most often in most general small animal practices?
General anesthesia and sedation
Which of the following protocols would result in the fastest induction time and the best control over anesthetic depth?
IV induction with an ultrashort-acting agent, and maintenance with an inhalant
What could occur if the endotracheal tube is too long?
If inserted too far, it could slip into one bronchus only
Which of the following is not a way to minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gas?
Immediately disconnect the patient from the anesthesia machine once the procedure is completed
An endotracheal tube is used to do all the following, except
Increase dead space
All of the following are advantages to endotracheal tubes, except
Increases anatomic dead space
Which of the following is not an advantage for endotracheal intubation?
Increases dead space and allows for more efficient ventilation
Which of the following is not an advantage of using an endotracheal tube?
Increases the chance for airway obstruction
Which of the follow anesthetic induction administration routes take the longest to take effect?
Intramuscular
Which of the follow anesthetic induction administration routes is fastest to take effect?
Intravenous
Potential problems associated with endotracheal intubation include
Intubation of a bronchus
All of the following drugs are administered IV for anesthetic induction, except
Isoflurane
Which of the following drugs are not administered IV for anesthetic induction?
Isoflurane
Which of the following is not a benefit of a cuffed endotracheal tube?
It allows the patient to swallow during anesthesia.
Which of the following statements about Alfaxalone is least accurate?
It causes minimal cardiovascular depression
Which is not a disadvantage to inhalation induction via mask?
It maintains open airways
What is the best technique to secure an endotracheal tube to an animal?
It should be secured by gauze strips around the head in cats and brachycephalic dogs and caudal to the upper canines in other breeds of dogs.
What is a disadvantage of using a mask for induction?
It's difficult to monitor mucous membranes and ocular signs
A device used to increase the visibility of the larynx
Laryngoscope
The piece of equipment that facilitates intubating a patient is the
Laryngoscope
When an endotracheal tube is being inserted in a horse, the animal should be place in
Lateral recumbency with its head, neck, and back extended
Readiness for intubation is characterized by the following, except
Loud vocalization and limb paddling
Readiness for intubation is not characterized by
Loud vocalization and limb paddling
What is the appropriate way to measure length for an endotracheal tube?
Measure from the tip of the nose to the thoracic inlet.
Mask inductions are
More appropriately used in calm dogs and cats
What type of endotracheal tube is used to intubate dogs and cats?
Murphy tube
Readiness for intubation is characterized by the following, except
Observing condensation in the tube with each breath.
Which of the following indicates proper placement of an endotracheal tube?
Observing condensation in the tube with each breath.
Which of the following indicates the endotracheal tube has been placed properly?
Observing condensation in the tube with each breath.
What does it mean for an induction agent to be titrated "to effect"?
Only give the amount of drug needed to produce unconsciousness
If an endotracheal tube is too long and is inserted past the thoracic inlet, what might be the outcome?
Only one bronchus may be intubated
Shortly after tracheal intubation in a 15-kg dog you notice increasing bradycardia. The most likely cause is
Overinflation of ET tube cuff, causing cranial nerve X stimulation
All of the following are indicators that a patient is ready for intubation, except
Patient's eyes are closed and can swallow when tongue is grasped.
For which patients should mask induction with isoflurane be avoided?
Patients with impaired respiratory function
Which dog breed would be the least favorable to be induced using anesthetic mask induction?
Pekingese
Which animal is most likely to experience laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation?
Persian cat
Laryngoscopes are most commonly used in
Pigs, small ruminants, and camelids
Laryngospasm is most encountered in
Pigs, small ruminants, and cats
The preferred method for treating a cat with laryngospasm is to
Place a drop of a topical anesthetic in the laryngeal area, wait 30-60 seconds, and then intubate the animal
Which of the following is the most common complication of endotracheal intubation?
Placement of the tube in the esophagus
Mask inductions in small animal patients are
Possible only with use of inhalant agents with a low solubility coefficient
Which of the following is not a component of a laryngoscope?
Pressure valve
Overinflation or underinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff can result in all of the following except
Prevention of fluid aspiration into the lungs
Ways to minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gas include
Properly inflate the endotracheal tube cuff
Which of the following induction agents cannot be administered IM?
Propofol
Which of the following statements regarding IV induction agents is least accurate?
Propofol is generally given intravenously but can be given intramuscularly in uncooperative patients
A device used to maintain an open airway in an anesthetized patient that connects with the opening of the glottis.
Supraglottal Airway Device
If the endotracheal tube has been placed in the esophagus instead of the trachea, which of the following is true?
The patient will be able to vocalize
Define 'to effect'
The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect
Which of the following is an indicator that the endotracheal tube has been placed in the esophagus instead of the trachea?
The unidirectional valves don't move.
Which of the following is an advantage to inducing anesthesia using an anesthetic mask?
They can be used for induction as well and maintenance for animals that are difficult to intubate, such as birds.
Which of the follow statements describe the landmarks for endotracheal tube length?
Tip of nose to thoracic inlet
What is the purpose of the endotracheal cuff?
To create a seal between the tube and the trachea.
Endotracheal intubation bypasses all the following structures, except
Trachea
The best technique to secure and endotracheal tube to an animal is
by gauze strips around the head in cats and brachycephalic dogs and caudal to the upper canines in other breeds of dogs.
What species is prone to laryngospasms?
cats
The length of an ET tube is indicated along the length of the tube, and is measured in
cm
The term 'atelectasis' refers to
collapsed alveoli
A Murphy tube would most likely be used in which animal?
dog
Which of the following statements about how to induce anesthesia in a young healthy patient using an IV agent such as Alfaxalone or propofol is least accurate?
if, after giving the initial amount, the patient is not adequately anesthetized to allow intubation, give the rest of the calculated dose
What value is used for endotracheal tube size?
internal diameter in mm
Tube size is expressed as the internal diameter (ID) in
mm
What is an advantage of having a patient intubated during general anesthesia?
prevents aspiration
