Week 6 CYU
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism.
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.
angiotensin II
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production.
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
dehydration.
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus.
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis.
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction.
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.
gangrene
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.
gastric bypass
The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is
hyperglycemia.
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet.
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.
In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori.
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits.
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema.
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy.
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol.
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis.
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia.
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia.
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency.
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women.
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis.
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality.
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight.
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate.
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control.
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis.
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension.
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular.
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion.
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly.
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of
Graves disease.
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Obesity
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds.
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
acute
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions.
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis.
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium.
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.
