Week 6- Non-verbal communications and cultures

functions of non verbal codes (SCCARR)

(1) Repeat a verbal message. Example is waving. So we repeat the hello, with the wave (2) Contradict a verbal message. Example is the way you react to your friend's outfit. (3) Substitute a verbal communication. Example is the way police officers or vendors communicate. Ie. the way a shop owner would wave and beckon you to come into the shop. (4)Complement a verbal message. Example is speaking while using hand gestures to tell a story. (5)Accent a verbal message. Example is using a tone to convey intensity. (6)Regulate verbal communication. Example is actions that stimulate interactions. Dating? Ie. you don't touch someone on the first date, because it is not normal, so regulate actions

differences between verbal and non verbal codes

(1)verbal language is based on symbols; nonverbal system is sign based. (2)The sending capacity of the non-verbal code is much more restrictive than the verbal code. e.g., hard to communicate without seeing or hearing the other person (emoticons do some of this work). Ie. when on the phone to someone, so hard to read the non verbal communication (3)Verbal codes have a formal phonetic systems and syntax governing usage, whereas there are no such formal rules governing the use of non-verbal code systems. Sign language as a verbal language. However sign language differs across cultures as well

characteristics of non verbal communication

-Cognitive content (what is said) is conveyed through the verbal part of a message - affective content (feelings connected to the words) is conveyed through the non-verbal component. -Most meaning is derived from the affective content. -If the nonverbal message contradicts the verbal, the nonverbal message is given greater credence because non-verbal messages are perceived as less conscious and therefore more honest. Example is blushing.

haptics; use of touch

-Haptics refers to the use of touch, the most primitive form of communication. -When, where, and whom we touch, and what meanings we assign when being touched by someone else differ widely across cultures, while the amount of touch varies with age, sex, situation and the relationship between the people involved.

kinesics: body language (ARIAE)

-Kinesics refers to gestures, hand and arm movements, leg movements, facial expressions, eye contact and posture. - identified the following categories of kinesics behaviours: (1) Emblems. Example is a hand gesture that means 'ok.' (2) Illustrators. Example is using hand and arm movements to illustrate an object or activity. (3) Affect displays. Example is a facial expression. (4) Regulators. Examples are actions that manage conversations. Eye contact? (5) Adaptors. Examples are behaviours that satisfy physiological and psychological needs. Scratching an itch. Ie. scratching head cause it hurts when concentrating

olefactics: the use of smell, scent and colour

-Olfactics refers to human's perception and use of smell, scent and odour. -Research shows that there is a universal preference for some kinds of scents that may have biological and evolutionary roots. Ie . lavender -However perceptions of smell still vary across cultures with specific smells being attributed with certain moral, social or emotional associations and messages. -certain smells are associated with higher and lower class

chronemics: use of time

-Olfactics refers to the use of time. -Different conceptions of time lead people to attempt only one task or to multi-task. -Hall (1977) categorizes time orientations into monochromic and polychromic. -Monochronic: linear and progressive -Polychronic: cyclical and performance of multi-tasking

paralanguage (vocalics)

-Paralanguage refers to vocal qualities that accompany speech and reflect cultural differences. -It can be divided into two broad categories: (1) voice qualities: pitch, volume, tempo, rhythm, tone, pausing (2) vocalizations: laughing, crying, sighing, yelling, moaning, swallowing, throat clearing -The Lebanese proverb 'Lower your voice and strengthen your argument' emphasizes the value that this culture places on controlling one's voice in a conversation.

physical appearance and dress

-People wear particular type of clothes or otherwise consciously manipulate their physical appearance to communicate culture, religion, status, power, personality, modesty, self-esteem and social identity. -Perceptions of beauty or physical attractiveness differ from culture to culture.

Proxemics: use of space (FSP)

-Proxemics refers to the use of space, Including territoriality. The study of proxemics includes three aspects of space: (1) fixed features of space (size of office); (2) semi-fixed features of space (movable objects convey 'openness); (3) personal space. -Cultural norms and relationship between the communicators determine the use of Personal space in communication

universality of non verbal communication

93 per cent of meaning is carried through non-verbal communication channels and only 7 per cent of the meaning is carried through words.

people with power

Obtain More Space - Invade Spaces of Others - Touch Others More - Are Less Intuitive -Make Less Direct Eye Contact

influence of cultural on non verbal behaviour

outline three cultural variations in nonverbal communication. 1. cultures vary in beh ie. touch, posture 2. every culture has rules that goven how they use non-verbal 3. every culture has different meaning attached to non-verbal

Non-verbal communication

refers to the use of non-spoken symbols which communicate a specific message. include: - the use of space; - body language; - the use of touch; - paralanguage; - the use of time; - smell/odour; - appearances and dress.