week 6 - Technology Enablers - Cloud, IoT, Blockchain

Examples of cloud providers

- Amazon AWS - Microsoft Azure - Google Cloud - Alibaba Cloud

IoT Trend - Robotics, IoT and ML to self-service and operational efficiencies

- Automated vendor managed inventory - Robotics in retail stores - Warehouse automation

What is Blockchain?

- Blocks of data, usually about transactions, which are stored in a format of a chain, in a distributed manner. - Each block identifies itself using a unique hash code. - No centralized control. Peer to peer network is used for consensus. Proof of work = consensus mechanism

IoT Trend - Convergence of IoT and Blockchain

- Data provenance and lineage tracking - Compliance laws and regulations - Trust and data immutability

Blockchain features

- Decentralization - Distributed - Cryptography - Automation

Blockchain Use Case - online education what are the challenges?

- Difficulty of changing established systems - Legal questions on ownership (everyone has a copy of the blocks) - Limitations in storage space because it uses the computers and systems' storage.

What are some use cases for hybrid cloud?

- Disaster recovery and business continuity (if in-house is down, public cloud is used as failover) - DevOps application development - Development phase with collaborations with others to develop, track, plan and deploy software - Production phase with deployments across traditional IT, on-premise clouds and public cloud - Cloud bursting: Run application in private cloud until demand for resources reaches a certain level, move over to a public cloud service

IoT delivers value using data in 3 ways Powering new business models

- From product to service - Data-driven customer engagements - Business reinvention - 'Everything as a service"

Opportunity of cloud computing

- Future of cloud might be that every enterprise is a cloud service provider - Build cloud-enabled services and offer to customers - Develop cloud-based platforms and allow customers to leverage on them for their business

What are the benefits of cloud?

- Global reach - Reliability - Productivity - Agility - Security - Pay-as-you-go

Some key points about digital transformation so far

- Leaders Commitment - Set out clear business objectives and digital strategy - Focus on customer experience - Engage employee - retrain and innovative culture and mindset -Embrace technology to enable (acquisition, join venture)

IoT Trend - Growth of Multi-locational Data Storage

- On-premises vs Cloud vs Hybrid - Immediate real-time insights - Edge intelligence ; it refers to a set of connected systems and devices for data collection, caching, processing, and analysis proximity to where data is collected, with the purpose of enhancing the quality and speed of data processing and to protect the privacy and security of data

Blockchain Benefits and challenges of cryptography

--- benefits --- - Creation of "immutable records, with permanent audit trails" - Encryption of sensitive data --- challenges--- - Complexity involved in cryptographic techniques - Dependence on the security of cryptographic techniques

Blockchain Benefits and challenges of decentralization

--- benefits --- - Enable high levels of resilience - Provide solutions where there is no trusted central party --- challenges--- - challenges in governance of the data - Added complexity in ensuring consensus among participants

Blockchain Benefits and challenges of being distributed

--- benefits --- - Maintained in decentralized form across different locations - No need of a central authority to keep a check against manipulation --- challenges--- - Network speed (blockchain scales to many geographical locations)

Blockchain Benefits and challenges of automation

--- benefits --- - Use of smart contracts to automate processes - Improved process efficiency --- challenges--- - Risk of errors in contract code - Legal questions on use of smart contracts

IoT delivers value using data in 3 ways

1. Asset monitoring and control (e.g. storage quantity management) 2. Prediction and action (is it time to get more stocks?) 3. Powering new business models ("Everything as a service")

Some examples of technology enablers

1. Cloud computing 2. IoT 3. Blockchain 4. Mobile 5. Social Media 6. Analytics 7. Artificial intelligence

IoT Trends

1. Growth of multi-locational data storage 2. Robotics, IoT and ML to self-service and operational efficiencies 3. Convergence of IoT and Blockchain

3 cloud trends

1. Multi and hybrid cloud environments continue to grow (Choosing solutinon that is right for the job) 2. Organizations priority to control cloud costs (Manage spending with different services and providers) 3. Solution-focused Partners (Need for 3rd party vendors to meet specific use cases)

What are the four important components of IoT?

1. Physical devices 2. Embedded electronics 3. Connectivity 4. Data

What are the types of clouds?

1. Private 2. Public 3. Hybrid 4. Multi

Challenges of the cloud

1. Security - Data privacy - Countries regulations and policies might restrict how one handles data. This is difficult to manage for an enterprise because they have to account for the data management in different countries. 2. Cloud spending 3. Lack of resource and expertise 4. Governance 5. Compliance 6. Managing BYOL (Bring your own license) 7. Managing multi-cloud 8. Cloud migration

SaaS, you need to manage?

== They manage == - Applications - Data - Runtime - Middleware - OS - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

PaaS, you need to manage?

== You manage == - Applications - Data == They manage == - Runtime - Middleware - OS - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

IaaS, you need to manage?

== You manage == - Applications - Data - Runtime - Middleware - OS == They manage == - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

On premises, you need to manage...

== You manage == Applications Data Runtime Middleware OS Virtualization Servers Storage Networking

"Blockchain can be used in any industry, to do anything"

A misconception - Blockchain cannot verify certain types of data - E.g. advertising and marketing (luxury goods - target audience : professional but how to ensure buyer's intention and humanness?)

"Enterprise blockchain is private, secure"

A misconception - Permissioned (private) blockchain and public blockchain --> Permission blockchain requires access control set up by the organisation - Business needs to restrict access control which may result from human error

"Enterprise blockchain is going to rapidly change the way business operate"

A misconception Potential to drive massive change (e.g. finance and supply chain) will take lots of time

AI is like the reasoning part of your brain; it thinks by ______ ____ and making decisions previously reserved for humans

AI is like the reasoning part of your brain; it thinks by analyzing data and making decisions previously reserved for humans

Blockchain Use Case - Legal SMU computational law research programme Developing smart contracts at scale and automated reasoning procedures for compliance checks, among other applications. What are the pros and cons?

Automate some legal work -> Lawyers got more time to do human stuff like negotiating and thinking about different parties -> Facilitate efficient legal services But if the volume is big, the consensus mechanism involved may take up a lot of time which slows down the process.

Blockchain is like your _______ ; creating a secure, indelible record of transactions and data exchanges

Blockchain is like your memory; creating a secure, indelible record of transactions and data exchanges

Both ____ ________ and _____________ are key challenges for cloud and IoT

Both data privacy and cybersecurity are key challenges for cloud and IoT

What is public cloud?

Cloud depends on service providers - AWS, Azure, Google cloud Responsive and Scalable

Cloud provides on-demand services by ____, ____ and ____

Cloud provides on-demand services by IaaS, PaaS and SaaS

What is Hybrid cloud?

Combination of public and private cloud solutions. Private cloud can also connect to public cloud using certain cloud products like VPN and direct connect.

What is data lineage?

Data lineage is the process of understanding, recording, and visualizing data as it flows from data sources to consumption Specifically, data lineage includes the data origin, what happens to it and where it moves over time. Data lineage gives visibility while greatly simplfying the ability to trace errors back to the root cause in a data analytics process

Moving to edge computing

Edge computing is computing that's done at or near the source of the data, instead of relying on the cloud at one of a dozen data centers to do all the work. - Data computation close to the source (devices) - Real time computing needs (IoT) - Cloud computing need bandwidth to move data

Challenges of IoT

If the data generated are all from you in your smart house, the predictions and actions made might not be applicable to others who enters your house. - Integrating IoT into existing applications and processes/workflows - Source, store, and manage enormous amounts of data - Adopt sophistiated analytics and machine learning capabilities - Deploy end-to-end security - Fragmented markets, ecosystems (interconnectedness) - Lack of skills (not everyone knows IoT)

Blockchain Use Case - online education For example in research work and publications. What are the benefits?

Improving quality of life → Investing in education → Open educational resources Blockchain support dissemination on a global scale - Plagiarism (credits goes to author) - Adaptation (track changes made) - Accessbility (publicly available)

What is IoT?

Internet of things Network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items with embedded electronics, software sensors and connectivity that enables these things to connect, collect and exchange data.

IoT is dominated by manufacturing sector but changing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IoT is dominated by manufacturing sector but changing 1. Environment 2. Agriculture 3. Retail 4. Automotive 5. Household

IoT is growing exponentially due to the advancement of ___________ and reduction of ______ in the areas of ?

IoT is growing exponentially due to the advancement of technology and reduction of costs in the areas of: 1. Connectivity 2. Computing 3. Storage

Transformational technologies - How can one understand the use of IoT, AI and Blockchain?

IoT is like the human nervous system (sense) AI is like the brain (analyze, decision making) Blockchain (memory)

IoT is like the _______ ________ system; it senses with billion of connected devices around the world

IoT is like the human nervous system; it senses with billion of connected devices around the world

What is cloud bursting?

It allows for public cloud resources to be utilized when private cloud workload has reached capacity.

What is Edge Intelligence?

It refers to a set of connected systems and devices for data collection, caching, processing, and analysis proximity to where data is collected, with the purpose of enhancing the quality and speed of data processing and to protect the privacy and security of data

Many organizations are putting in time and effort for __________ proof of concepts and __________ when adopting blockchain

Many organizations are putting in time and effort for sustainable proof of concepts and scalability when adopting blockchain

What is permissioned blockchain?

Permissioned blockchains are blockchain networks that require access to be part of. A permissioned system is also known to have a restriction on the consensus participants, making permissioned networks highly configured and controlled by the owners.

What is private cloud?

Resemble internal server model Often used with confidential data involvement, services go through the intranet

What is multi cloud?

Separating workloads across various cloud platforms. It leverages on various cloud's strength to perform tasks. E.g. - Google for ML - AWS for app deployment - Azure for .NET applications

______ is the key enabler

The cloud is the foundation on which the world's digital transformation projects start.

Benefits of cloud computing based on in terms of time spent on business processes

Traditionally IT departments spend 80% of their time managing core technology, OS, servers and data centre. With cloud, IT departments have the ability to spend 80% of their time on core busines processes, like business application design.

IoT delivers value using data in 3 ways Prediction and action

When will the wheel fail? When will the train be full? When will it be too hot? What can I do about it?

IoT delivers value using data in 3 ways Asset monitoring and control

Where is it? What is it doing? Switch it on or off?