Week 7 Exam

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture

A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.

The theory of continental drift is attributed to

Alfred Wegener

Which of the following statements describes a saturated solution

All of these

Magnetic surveys of the floors reveal

Alternating stripes of normal and reversed polarity paralleling the mid-Atlantic ridge

How does a suspension differ from a solution?

Although a solution and suspension are both homogeneous mixtures, only the components of a suspension will separate by spinning the mixture in a centrifuge.

How is the solubility of a solute affected by temperature

As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up

The theory of continental drift is supported by paleoclimatic data, the jig-saw fit of the continents

At their continental margins, and paleontology

Classify the following as element, compound, or mixture, and justify your classifications: table salt, stainless steel, table sugar, aluminum, ice

Compound; mixture; compound element; compound

Precipitation exceeds evaporation over the

Continents

How can you tell whether a sugar solution is saturated or not

Cool the solution to see if there is a precipitate.

The earths magnetic field is attributed to

Flow of molten fluid in earths outer core

The outer core

Flows fast enough to power earths magnetic field

The flow of groundwater is

From where the water table is high to where it is low

Stream velocity is dependent on

Gradient, channel geometry, and discharge

The natural circulation of water from ocean to air to ground to ocean and then back to the atmosphere is called the

Hydrologic cycle

In a prolonged drought, groundwater is

In danger of being diminished

Where does most rainfall on earth finally end up before becoming rain again

In the oceans

Where groundwater discharged to a stream, the elevation of the water table next to the stream

Is higher than the surface of the stream

Continental crust extends farther down into the mantle than oceanic crust because

It is thicker than oceanic crust

Underground rivers can exist in

Limestone aquifers

Motion in a P wave is

Longitudinal

A seismograph

Measures ground movement

Evaporation and precipitation are greatest over the

Oceans

Water is vital to life on our planet. Most of earths water supply is in the

Oceans

Secondary waves can travel through all areas of earth except the

Outer core

Which of the following did Alfred Wegener not use to support his theory of continental drift

Paleomagnetic data

Most of earths fresh water is located in

Polar ice caps and glaciers

Seismic waves are classified as body waves and surface waves. An example of a body wave is a

Primary wave (P wave)

How necessary is soap for removing salt from your hands

Soap is not at all necessary for removing salt from your hands. The strong ion-dipole interactions between fresh water and the salt are most sufficient to lift the salt away from your hands.

What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent

Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic

How are intermolecular forces and solubility related?

Solubility depends on the solvent's ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in a solid.

Describe what usually happens to a hot solution that is saturated with a solid as it cools.

Some of the solid comes out of the solution.

Stream velocity is faster in a

Stream with a very steep gradient

Fish don't live very long in water that has just been boiled and brought back to room temperature. Suggest why.

The boiling process removes the air that was dissolved in the water. Upon cooking the water is void of its usual air content, hence, the fish drown.

Why do hot water heaters lose their efficiency quicker in households with hard water?

The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element.

Which of the following statements best describes what is happening in a water softening unit

The hard ions in water are exchanged for ions that do not interact as strongly with soaps

In a well in an unconfined aquifer, the highest level that water can rise to us

The level of the water table

The speed of a seismic wave depends on

The type of material it travels through

Why can't the elements of a compound be separated from one another by physical means

Their atoms are too tightly bound to one another

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature.

When you set a pot of tap water on the stove to boil, you'll often see bubbles start to form well before boiling temperature is ever reached. Explain this observation.

These initial bubbles are the gases that were dissolved in the water coming out of solution. The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.

What do chicken noodle soup and garden soil have in common?

They are both examples of heterogeneous mixtures.

The dominant influence on the length of time a well will produce water is

Water supply and demand

Which of the following is a mixture

air

A sub-surface region that holds and transmits water is called a/an

aquifer

Earthquake P-waves

are longitudinal vibrations like sound waves

If a water well is actively pumped, the water table will

be depressed around the well

Earths magnetic field is not stable; throughout geologic time it has changed direction. This change is attributed to

changes in the direction of fluid flow in the molten outer core of Earth

A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called

compound

In general, sinkholes are found in areas

dominated by limestone

The lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere. Lithospheric movement causes

earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activity

An earthquake occurs as

energy released from Earth's interior travels in the form of seismic waves to Earth's surface

Water precipitated over land completes its cycle as it

enters streams and lakes, seeps into the ground, flows to the ocean, or evaporates.

Earths internal layers were discovered by studying the movement of P and S waves through Earths interior. In comparison to S waves, the movement of P waves is

fast, compressing and expanding the rock as they move through it

Is the air in your house a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

heterogeneous because of the dust particles it contains

If you filter sea water to remove all of the particles you would be left with a clear

homogeneous mixture called a solution

Continental crust is

less dense than oceanic crust

The outer core is

liquid

A rock with very low porosity will most often have a

low permeability

Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by

making a connection between the rocks, rock structures, and plant and animal fossils found in both Africa and South America

The asthenosphere is part of the

mantle

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute

one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated

one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar

What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift?

paleoclimatic data

The degree to which a soil or rock allows groundwater to flow is called

permeability

The fastest seismic wave is a

primary wave

Water that does not infiltrate into the ground or evaporate becomes

runoff

Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture

salad dressing

The infiltration of water is greatest in

sandy soil

Water in the unsaturated zone is called

soil moisture

The driving force of our planets hydrologic cycle comes from

solar energy

In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water, which is the solute?

sugar

Water in a confined aquifer is

under pressure

The thickness of Earths crust

varies from 10 km under the oceans to 60 km under the continents

Wegeners theory of continental drift

was not accepted by the scientific community of the early 1900s