Week 7 Reading Quiz Chapter 8 Group Influence (Attempt 1, 2 and 3)

_____________________ leadership is associated with poorer decisions because subordinates sometimes feel too weak or insecure to speak up.

Directive

__________ can cause self-consciousness, which can interfere with behaviors that we perform best automatically.

Evaluation apprehension

____________________________ can cause self-consciousness, which can interfere with behaviors that we perform best automatically.

Evaluation apprehension

____________________occurs when members in a group interact, but instead of changing their minds about a topic, they keep their original ideas and strengthen those ideas.

Group polarization

In 1961, President John Kennedy and his advisers tried to overthrow Fidel Castro by invading Cuba with 1,400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles. Nearly all the invaders were soon killed or captured, the United States was humiliated, and Cuba allied itself more closely with the former USSR. This failure is attributed to______________________.

Groupthink

Which theorist discovered the "risky shift phenomenon"?

James Stoner

Marty is on a committee at work that has nine people. Leslie is on a committee that has only three. Which committee is likely to produce more results? Marty's committee. On a committee that size, it is more likely there are at least a few people with outstanding skills who will produce greater results. Leslie's committee. Fewer people means that everyone knows they are responsible for doing their share of the work and no one "slacks off." Marty's committee. More people mean it is easier to get more done. Leslie's committee. On Marty's committee, there are too many people, and it will be too easy to get confused with who is responsible for doing what task.

Leslie's committee. Fewer people means that everyone knows they are responsible for doing their share of the work and no one "slacks off."

_________________________occurs when one person in a group influences the other members in a group.

Minority influence

Your text lists several suggestions to prevent groupthink from happening. Which of the following is not on that list? Never subdivide the group. The leader should be impartial and avoid endorsing any position. Welcome critiques from outside experts. Encourage critical evaluation of the problem.

Never subdivide the group.

Which of the following is not an example of group influence on an individual? reactance deindividuation social facilitation social loafing

Reactance

____________leadership focuses on goals, standards, and organization.

Task

Several variables make social loafing more or less likely to occur in groups. Which of the situations below makes social loafing more likely? The task is boring. Each person's work can be personally identified. People in the group are friends with each other. The group size is small.

The task is boring.

Who are free riders?

Those who do not put forth effort on a task, but reap the benefits of a group.

The illusion that some members disagree with the majority is NOT one of the symptoms of groupthink? True or False

True

What is a co-actor?

a co-participant working individually on a noncompetitive activity

Dr. Robertson assigned a group project in his social psychology class. Kyle, who is a student in the class, never showed up for any of the group meetings and only turned in a few references to his group the day before the project was due. However, he got the same grade as everyone else in his group. Kyle could be called___________________________________.

a free-rider.

According to social facilitation theory, there is more likely to be an improvement in performance when______________________.

a task is easy and others are observing.

The process that goes on when individuals who have no criminal background go on looting sprees during a riot?

deindividuation

Which term best describes the process that goes on when individuals who have no criminal background go on looting sprees during a riot? obedience compliance deindividuation deinstitutionalization

deindividuation

According to the text, the bigger the group, the more easily its members lose self-awareness and become willing to commit violence. Individuals feel anonymous in a larger group. This exemplifies

deindividuation.

According to the text, the bigger the group, the more easily its members lose self-awareness and become willing to commit violence. Individuals feel anonymous in a larger group. This exemplifies____________________.

deindividuation.

If a person acts in an unrestrained manner because their identity and self-awareness have been diffused by the presence of a group, this can be described as________________________.

deindividuation.

Research on the risky shift pertains to_________________________.

group decision-making studies where subjects in a group solve a dilemma by giving advice that is cautious or risk taking.

Groupthink is used to describe______________.

group dynamics that can interfere with group decision-making processes and can produce disastrous results.

Deindividuation is an example of________________________.

group influence

Social comparison theory is one explanation for ______________.

group polarization

Irving Janis coined the term_____________.

groupthink

Pearl Harbor, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and the Vietnam War all stemmed from______________________________.

groupthink

Experiments confirm that there are two group influences:_______________ and _____________________.

informational; normative.

The transformational leadership style____________________________.

inspires group members to identify with and commit themselves to the group's goals.

Which of the following is not typical of situations in which groupthink occurs? lack of teamwork and productivity a directive leader who signals what decision he or she favors the relative isolation of the group from dissenting viewpoints an amiable, cohesive group

lack of teamwork and productivity

It is through ______________ that group members can be inspired, motivated, and guided to be successful and productive.

leadership

If immersed in a group that gives a person a sense of anonymity, a person could_______________________.

lose inhibitions because of deindividuation.

Group polarization occurs when

members in a group interact, but instead of changing their minds about a topic, they keep their original ideas and strengthen those ideas.

Group polarization occurs when________________________.

members in a group interact, but instead of changing their minds about a topic, they keep their original ideas and strengthen those ideas.

Group decisions can encourage more extreme decisions than the person would have made in the first place is______________________.

one finding of the risky shift effect.

Social leadership focuses on all of the following except conflict resolution. organization. morale. team building

organization

Social loafing refers to______________________.

slacking off when in a group due to unaccountability.

The tendency for the presence of others to either enhance or impair an individual's performance is known as___________________________.

social facilitation.

Which style of leadership focuses on team building, conflict resolution, and morale?

social leadership

Courtney admits there is a difference in the effort she puts forth during a group project versus the effort she shows when the project is assigned individually. Specifically, she shows less effort during the group project. Courtney's behavior can be attributed to________________________________.

social loafing

Minority influence can____________________.

steer other group members who hold the majority view over to the minority point of view.

Minority influence can_____________________.

steer other group members who hold the majority view over to the minority point of view.

Which style of leadership focuses on goals, standards, and organization?

task leadership

One finding of the risky shift effect is______________________________.

that group decisions can encourage more extreme decisions than the person would have made in the first place.

If the first-year students at college X are initially more intellectual than the students at college Y, that gap is likely to increase by the time they graduate. This phenomenon is known as

the "accentuation" effect.

Minority influence refers to___________________________.

the influence one member in the group has on the other members in the group.

When a task is easy and others are observing, according to the social facilitation theory, there will be a decline in performance. there will be an improvement in performance. there will be no effect on performance. there will be a curvilinear effect on performance.

there will be an improvement in performance.

When a task is easy and others are observing, according to the social facilitation theory______________________.

there will be an improvement in performance.

Social facilitation is the term used to describe the tendency for the presence of others___________________.

to enhance performance on certain tasks.

Social facilitation is the term used to describe the tendency for the presence of others_________________________.

to enhance performance on certain tasks.

Deindividuation can be caused________________.

when arousal and diffused responsibility combine and normal inhibitions diminish.

Deindividuation can be caused___________________.

when arousal and diffused responsibility combine and normal inhibitions diminish.