Week 8: Argentina, Tango, and Dance

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Habanera

Afro-Cuban syncopated long-short rhythm; duple meter

What does tango dance do?

Enacts the cultural ideas of: -historical events and stories -gender and sexuality

Bandoneon

European button accordion brought to Argentina by German immigrants around 1900

Milonga

Events with tango music and dancing

Carlos Gardel -tango audiences and expectations of authenticity (why?)

famous argentine singer: sing the tango song la cumparsita -Argentine audience: dressed as elegant westerner -Europe audience: dresses as gaucho Why? -for Argentines he aims to look cosmopolitan and culturally sophisticated -for Europeans he wants to look exotic and natural/uncivilized

Cultural history of Orchestral tango

- developed in the 1890s in the slums — performed in the slums cafés and brothels — when the government closed the brothels people gathered in "molingas" for events with tango music and dancing -many influences mix such as habanera and gaucho (rural argentine cowboy)

Tango as Argentina national music

-1910s and 1920s: tango dancing catches on abroad in Paris, London, New York City — in part because wealthy young Argentines would go slumming and then travel -1930 years: after international acceptance the tango was widely embraced by Argentines as the national dance music —30s/40s: tango very popular in Argentina

New Tango

-50s tango popularity fades -created by Argentine composer Astor Pizolla

Musical features of tango song

-Less prominent 1234 beats -presence of singer -dramatic changes in tempo to accentuate lyrics

Musical origins of tango

-birthplace of tango music and dance: Buenos Aires, Argentina -tangos international prehistory — many non-Argentine styles influence tango including the habanera rhythm

Cultural history of tango song

-emerged in 1910 (sometimes meant for just listening) -Orchestra tango is still popular - lyrics reflect life in the slums: misery, loss of love, pain, violence, poverty

How does Pizolla gain acceptance in Argentina? What happened before the acceptance?

-gained popularity abroad first -acceptance in Argentina came after international acceptance -Argentines initially rejected Piazolli's music --local radio stations even refused to play his music

Habanera's International History

-habanera based in Europe (English dance and music) -imported to Cuba by the Spanish through colonization -transformed into habanera by black Afro-Cuban musicians through slavery -1850s habanera spreads across south America

Tango and the cultural history of Buenos Aires

-late 19th century (lates 1800s) by Buenos Aires labor market draws rural gauchos and European immigrants causing half the population to be foreign -Poor immigrants and native born Argentines live in the slums and outskirts of the city -many more men than women

Musical features of new tango

-mixes tango with classical music and American jazz -designed for concert hall audiences exclusively for listening -contrasting musical themes (ideas) that reappear and develop (western classical music) -jazz harmonics and improvisational feel jazz

Tango today

-referred in American TV, movies, commercials -sounds and dance are exotic, erotic, "natural"/uncivilized, masculine -Buenos Aires becomes major tourist destination

Orquesta Tipica

1+ bandoneon, string instruments (violins, cello, upright bass), and piano

Argentina tango economy

1970s through the 2000 Argentina's economy in serious trouble -tango economy is a partial solution -most tango monies from foreign tourists -many native became involved in the tango economy part time

Connection between compadrito and tango

Compadrito's: -stance: tango dancers very straight backs -knife fight choreography: tangos smooth steps -machismo: male tango dancers aggressive dominating posture

Azol Pizolla

Created new tango in the 1950s

Taxi dancers

For hire dance partners

Compadrito

Mythic figure at the center of tango -The urban version of Argentine gaucho -Young and poor -flashy dresser wearing a black suit and high heeled boots -machismo: strong and aggressive masculinity

Musical features of Orchestral Tango -rhythm -Quality/instrumentation

Rhythm: -steady tempo, quadruple meter, often strong emphasis on beats 123 and four, embellished by different long-short rhythmic patterns Quality/instrumentation: -Orquesta tipica

Syncopation

Rhythmic effect where there is an unexpected accident in the pattern of stressed and unstressed beats

Autoexoticization

The condition of being able to produce a marketable art only buy exotic sizing oneself and one's culture

La cabaceo

The nodding head when interested in dancing with someone

What services does narrative tango tours offer? -milongas: what's real about tango?

tango classes, dinner shows, historical tours, milonga outings, taxi dancers -real about tango: less staged, group, volunteer


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