Week 8 PSYC 107

Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Acoustic

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

Acoustic

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

Amygdala

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

Anterograde

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

Arousal

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Arousal theory

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

Bias

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Flashbulb memory

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

Hindsight

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

Intrusion

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

Memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running.

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

Misinformation effect paradigm

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

Rehersal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

Relearning

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

Retroactive

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

Retrograde

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

Self-reference effect

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Semantic

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

Semantic

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.

What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in?

Stroop effect

Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories?

Suggestibility

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.

Your first day of school

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

Being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Cerebellum

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Long-term memory has two parts" semantic memory and episodic memory.

Change the word "long-term" to the word "declarative"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Persistence refers to lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention.

Change the word "persistence" to the word "absent-mindedness

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory

Change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory".

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

Chuncking

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________.

short-term memory itself has different forms

What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?

Equipotentiality hypothesis

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

Explicit memory

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

Explicit memory

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

Remembering _________ is a good example of procedural memory.

How to use the phone

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit

People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.

It can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combing them with new memories

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did because he is unable to form new memories.

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

Memory

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states?

Stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study.

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding?

Thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind.

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory.

Transcience

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

Using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding.

Visual

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory.

What the word chocolate means

Remembering _________ is a good example of semantic memory.

What the word chocolate means

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

What are two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic