Week !

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)

Monomers

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

A weak acid dissociates only partially in water.

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

Cell membrane

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that?

help determine the chemical properties of an organic molecule.

An organic molecule is differentiated from an inorganic molecule by the presence of

Carbon and Hydrogen

Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, which of the following could be used as a new food source?

Cellulose

Sucrose, C12H22O11, is best described as a(n)

Compound

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the cell membrane? The polar tails of the phospholipids face toward the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm. The membrane consists only of phospholipids and cholesterol. The membrane consists of a single layer of phospholipids. The polar heads of the phospholipids face toward the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm. The nonpolar heads of the phospholipids face away from water.

The polar heads of the phospholipids face toward the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

What is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

They both consist of repeated monomer units.

Usain, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?

Usain wanted to see if his hypothesis was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders.

A gene is the code for assembling a sequence of

amino acids

Isotopes of an atom differ in

atomic mass/number of neutrons

All atoms of the same element have the same

atomic number

In science, a theory

encompasses many hypotheses.

The food web in a prairie ecosystem includes grasshoppers which feed on grasses. When the grasshoppers die, their dead bodies are broken down with the help of fungi. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.

grass, fungi, grasshoppers

Scientists were studying if white-nosed syndrome is responsible for the deaths of millions of American bats. Scientists hypothesized that white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, makes bats die by increasing the amount of energy they use during winter hibernation. What would the test group be in this experiment?

infected male and female bats hibernating in America The non infected would be the control group/the group that does not have the variable being tested.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

Contain DNA

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme,

the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site.

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the first enzyme in the pathway

Radioactive isotopes would be most harmful to a person when

unmonitored release into the environment makes changes in a cell's DNA.

Many insects cannot see the color red, and as a result many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). Flower color would be considered a(n)

Adaptation

Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory? Theories are accepted explanations for how the world works. Theories are supported by many observations and experiments. All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws. Theories can help scientists generate new testable hypotheses. The theory of evolution is considered the unifying concept in biology.

All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________. Are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells Are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia Are organelles involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells Produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells

Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal?

Bufo

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

Which term best describes entropy?

Disorder

Harposporium anguillulae are carnivorous fungi that prey nematodes and eelworms. How should Harposporium anguillulae be classified?

Eukaryotic Consumer

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

Exocytosis

What is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

Feedback Inhibition

Which of the following can be described as a molecule but not a compound? O2 H2O MgCl2 NaCl CO2

O2

Although Oregon and South Dakota are at similar latitudes, winters in Oregon are warmer and summers in Oregon are cooler as compared to South Dakota. Which of the following might explain these differences between the climate of Oregon and the climate of South Dakota?

Oregon is located near the Pacific Ocean.

What is a by-product of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

Oxygen and Glucose

ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is classified as a(n)

nucleic acid.

A covalent bond involves the sharing of

pairs of electrons

When a positively charged hydrogen in a water molecule become attracted to the negatively charged oxygen in a nearby water molecule, this is referred to as a(n)

Hydrogen Bond

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

Hydrophilic

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n)________ bond.

Ionic

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.

Both the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane are composed of

Phospholipids

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

Prokaryote/Bacteria. Explanation: The features of the cell which is mentioned in this question match with that of prokaryotic organisms like bacteria.

What makes saturated triglycerides less healthy than unsaturated ones?

Saturated fats tend to stick together in the blood forming plaque.

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Since each step in a pathway utilizes a new substrate, a different enzyme is required for each step.

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. The tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose. In terms of osmosis, how would you describe the solution in the tube compared to the solution in the beaker?

The solution in the tube is hypotonic to the solution in the beaker.

Autophagy is a process by which a cell breaks down and destroys old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm. Autophagy is a function of which organelle?

lysosomes

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?

Glucose absorption would decrease

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi Apparatus

Metabolic pathways, which are facilitated by________ begin with a particular________ and terminate with an end________. reactants; enzyme; product enzymes; reactant; product products; enzyme; reactant product; enzyme; substrate enzymes; product; reactant

enzymes; reactant; product (Order matters)

Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Based on this study, what is the control group?

male toads collected from the suburbs

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to

prevent materials associated with the DNA from coming into contact with the cell's cytoplasm.

Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Data collected by the biologists suggested a strong correlation between feminization of male toads and agricultural chemicals. Is it accurate to state that the scientists had supported their theory that agricultural chemicals cause deformities?

no, the scientists were testing a hypothesis which is not the same things as a theory