Western Civ Chapter 12
In his "Divine Comedy", Dante explored the soul's search for meaning and its discovery of God and used as his guide through paradise...
A Florentine girl named Beatrice
What factor may have pushed the Mongols onto the path of aggressive expansion in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?
A change of climate that reduced the amount of grassland for grazing
The distinctive new musical form of the thirteenth century, the motet was...
A polyphony typically consisting of two or three melody lines sung in Latin and French
The French king Philip IV (Phillip the Fair) wanted to tax the French clergy to finance which of the following?
A war with Edward I of England
Most European parliaments had their roots in...
Ad hoc advisory sessions that kings held with the nobility and the clergy
Which ancient philosopher did most medieval scholastics draw upon as the ultimate authority and voice of human reason?
Aristotle
In the broadest sense, the term "medieval synthesis" refers to which of the following?
Attempts to harmonize all outside ideas with those of Christianity and to harmonize faith with reason
In the ongoing struggle with the church, how did the French king Phillip IV assert his jurisdication over southern France in 1301?
By arresting the bishop of Pamiers for comparing him to an owl
How did Edward I counter Boniface VIII's move against secular taxation of the clergy?
By declaring that all clerics who refused to pay the new state tax would henchforth be considered outlaws without legal protection
Following its conquest of Russia, how did the Mongol Empire rule that vast territory?
By leaving most of the old institutions in place
Why did the church impose such harsh sanctions of heretics who refused to repent of their allegedly false beliefs?
Church leaders believed that burning heretics at the stake would save the souls of those sinners
The thirteenth century can be best described as a period of which of the following?
Contradictions and creative tension during which the first territorial states began to emerge, religious and secular authority grew apart, and the acquisition of knowledge rose
After the battle of Lewes, in which he defeated king Henry III of England, Simon de Montfort...
Convened a parliament to which he summoned not just noblemen but also, for the first time, commoners
Thirteenth-century vernacular literature, such as "Quest of the Holy Grail" sought to...
Express the harmony between heaven and earth
In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, lepers were...
Formally expelled from the community of Christians in special ceremonies
What event in 1303 led to the significant weakening of papal authority?
French royal agents attempted to capture Pope Boniface VIII and put him on trial
What was a long-term consequence of Frederick's failed attempt to consolidate his empire?
Germany would not be united until the nineteenth century
What Florentine artist of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries painted such works as "Birth of the Virgin", which brought a new debt and emotion to painting?
Giotto
How did Pope Innocent try to realize his vision of the papacy as the supreme lawmaker and of law as an instrument of moral reform?
He convened and presided over a church council that attempted to regulate all aspects of Christian life
Why did four popes excommunicate Frederick II?
He wanted to control Italy, in an era of papal expansion, the popes were threatened by his territorial and imperial claims
Although Louis IX was generally supportive of the papacy, he simultaneously maintained the monarchy's independence for ecclesiastical authority, as exemplified by which of the following?
His refusal to support the church's sentences of excommunication unless he was able to judge the merits of each case for himself
The canonization of Louis IX...
Instilled the French monarchy with tremendous prestige
What did the term "inquisition" originally mean?
Investigation
Which of the following chronological series best reflects the political evolution of authority in Italian city-states during the thirteenth century?
Nobles, popolo, signori
The paintings and sculptures created for Gothic cathedrals were...
Often meant to be "read as a story"
Why did many kings and lords restrict moneylending to Jews?
It benefitted them financially, since the could tax the Jews heavily and, on occasion, even attack them to free themselves of debt
Which region of Europe became the focal point in the dispute between the emperor and the papacy in the thirteenth century?
Italy
Which scholastic denied that human reason could be used to find God, proposing that instead that human reason was dependent on divine illumination?
John Duns Scotus
When Christians charged Jews with blood libel, they accused them of...
Killing Christian children and using the children's blood in their Passover ritual
Which of the following is evidence that the message of mendicant friars preaching in towns, cities, and villages were enthusiastically received?
Laity who consciously modeled their lives after those of the friars
What were tertiaries?
Laypeople who adopted their practices of the friars while leading normal lives
Why was the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council's measures against legitimate births less than the Council members had hoped?
Local political leaders ignored and failed to enforce these measures
During the reign on Louis IX in France, certain state institutions began to take shape and stabilize, for example the royal court of justice, which had a permanent seat in Paris called the...
Parlement
Which of the following happened during the Great Famine?
Peasants resisted heavy taxes imposed by rulers
What feature of Gothic cathedrals made possible the telling of complicated stories through stained-glass windows?
Pointed arches and flying buttresses, which allowed church walls to feature large windows for the first time
The "cortes" of Castile-Leon were among the earliest examples in medieval Europe of...
Representative assemblies
In most places, struggles between noble and non-noble factions in Italian communes eventually led to...
Takeovers by great regional nobles
Which of the following proved most devastating for Northern Europe in the 1310's and 1320's?
The Great Famine
Which statement best characterizes the views of most medieval scholastics, including Thomas Aquinas?
Since the world is overly, human beings can undestand many parts of it through rational thought
What factor allowed Marco Polo and other traders to reach China in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries?
The Mongols have conquered most of the East and were willing to grant the Westerners access to China
What was the primary outcome of the thirteenth-century European visits to China?
The exposure of Europeans to Chinese riches
What development allowed musicians to become more precise in their performances?
The introduction of a system of musical notation
Innocent III, the first pope to be trained at universities, came to believe that...
The pope was the supreme moral lawgiver, ruling in Christ's stead over all Christians
The Fourth Lateran Council promoted the doctrine of transubstantiation, which referred to that moment in...
The sacrament of communion in which bread and wine were changed into the body and blood of Christ
What was one significant achievement of the Avignon popes (1309-1378)?
They established a new and efficient organization
What intellectual goal was shared by medieval scholastics?
To show that knowledge gained through senses and reason was compatible with that gained from revalation
Some women for whom religion was the center of their lives...
Took the Fourth Lateran Council's pronouncement literally and ate nothing but the Eucharist
Whom did Dante choose as his guide through hell and purgatory?
Virgil
Louis IX went on two crusades; for the duration of his first absence, France...
Was capably ruled by Louis' mother, Blanche of Castile
The Fourth Lateran Council required that Jews...
Wear distinguishing clothing so that they could be identified
