Western Civ Midterm Review-Chapter 3
Which of the following was one of the educational traditions of Golden Age?
A-A mentor-protege relationship whereby a male adolescent would learn from an older man by accompanying him in the course of his public functions, athletic exercises, and social interactions
How did Golden Age comedies differ from tragedies?
A-Comedies were openly critical of contemporary people and policies
What finally convinced Sparta to send Athens an ultimatum demanding that it curtail its aggressive foreign policy?
A-Corinth, a Spartan Ally, threatened to ally itself with Athens if Sparta did not intervene on its behalf to prevent future Athenian aggression
In his "History of the Peloponnesian War", the Greek historian Thucydides broke with tradition by...
A-Describing the moral failures and miscalculations of the Greeks
How did the fifth-century Sophist Protagoras offend many Athenians?
A-He insisted that absolute truth did not exist because every issue had two irreconcilable sides
Athens met with disaster when its general attempted to conquer Sparta's allies in...
A-Sicily
Important discussions about politics, philosophy, and social matters often took place at drinking parties for upper-class Greek men called...
A-Symposia
The Parthenon's frieze exemplifies Athenian confidence because it portrays...
A-The Athenians in the presence of gods
Golden Age sculptures shattered traditions from the Archaic Age not only by creatingg realistic and perfectly formed bodies, but also by...
B-Depicting their subjects in the state of movement
A philosopher friend of Pericles who argued that the sun was not a god, and another who believed that all matter consisted of tiny particles in constant motion...
B-Disturbed Athenians who feared that Athens would lose favor with the Gods
The majority of Athen's population consisted of...
B-Individuals who lacked political rights
Greeks in search of a personal religion that addressed both life on earth and the afterlife joined...
B-Mystery cults such as the cult of Demeter
What did initiates into Greek mystery cults generally hope to obtain?
B-Secret knowledge and divine protection
Athen's wealth during the Golden Age largely derived from...
B-Taxes on trade and Delian League dues
What percentage of the Athenian population of 250,000 during Pericles' time do historians estimate were slaves?
C-40 percent
What does "the Socratic Method" refer to?
C-A manner of teaching that features relentless questioning
Why have historians described the democracy created in mid-fifth-century Athens under Pericles as "radical"?
D-All citizens, regardless of wealth, enjoyed equal protection under the law because the court system was removed from elite control
Which Athenian dramatist satirized the Sophists for making "the weaker argument the stronger"?
D-Aristophanes
Why do historians consider the Greek victory over far more numerous Persians during the Great Persian invasion of 480-479 BCE to have been truly remarkable?
A-The Greeks so valued their political freedom that they joined forces to preserve it
Why did Athens attract more Sophists than similarly sized Greek city-states?
A-The demand was greater in Athens since aspiring politicians needed the training in rhetoric that the sophists offered to advance in Athen's democracy
What farsighted leader convinced the Athenians to invest their resources of precious metals in the Navy and later led Athens during the great Persian invasion of Greece
A-Themistocles
Greek Warships propelled by 170 rowers on three levels and equipped with a battering ram at the bow were known as...
A-Triremes
Pericles, a skilled orator and leading athenian democrat, made a major blunder in the late 450s BCE, when he urged Athens to...
A-Use the Athenian fleet to support an uprising in Egypt against the Persians
In Greek tragedies, leading characters, usually high and mighty, suffered a reversal of fortune because of hubris, a Greek term for...
A-Violent arrogance
What was the term used for foreigners who received permanent residence status in the exchange for paying taxed and serving the military
D-Metics
What did the Athenians do that so enraged the Persian King Darius I?
B-The Athenians aided the Greek Ionian city-states in their uprising against their Persian overlord
How did Athenians traditionally justify restricting women's freedom of movement?
B-They insisted that women needed to be protected from seducers and rapists
How did the performances of Greek tragedies in ancient Athens differ from most performances today?
B-They took place during the daytime in an outdoor theatre
What was Pericles' strategy for defeating the superior Spartan army?
B-To avoid land battles whenever possible while attacking Sparta and its allies by sea
The Delian League assured that its members were protected from Persian attack, but aroused the anger of many of its smaller members because Athens...
B-Used its control of the league fleet to coerce dues from weaker members
After the Persian Wars, the formal defensive alliance that included city-states in Northern Greece, on the Aegean Islands, and along the Ionian coast...
C-Became the basis for the Athenian Empire, because Athens required the other member city-states to fund warships built and manned by Athenians
How did Pericles make citizenship more exclusive?
C-By only granting citizenship to children whose father and mother were Athenian by birth
Aristophanes' comedy "Lysistrata" (411 BCE) portrayed women seizing the initiative and acting aggressively against men in order to...
C-End the Peloponnesian War and restore ordinary life
Whose "The Histories" depicted the Persian Wars as a clash between the Eats and the West?
C-Herodutus of Halicarnassus
What Greek physician was regarded as a pioneer in using clinical observation to make medical diagnoses and may have been the author of the view that the human body consists of four humors, or fluids
C-Hippocrates
Greek tragedies played a significant role in the Greek society by...
C-Illustrating conflicts and moral dilemmas that pertained ti the society of citizens in a city-state
Aspasia of Miletus exhibited so much knowledge and brilliance that which high-ranking Athenian politician wished to marry her?
C-Pericles
When the Thirty Tyrants were overthrown in 403 BCE, the Athenians restored their democracy and
C-Proclaimed an amnesty to prevent further civil disorder
Why did the Persians believe that the Athenians had agreed to behave as loyal Persian subjects?
C-The Athenian Diplomats offered the Persians tokens that signified Athen's submission to Persian authority
Why did some Athenians criticize democracy and argue in favor of an oligarchy?
C-They worried that the poor, who lacked proper education and moral values, would exploit majority rule to pass laws against the wealthy
Who were the Sophists?
C-Traveling teachers who-for a fee-taught philosophy and rhetoric
Aristophanes, an Athenian playwright whose comedies made harsh references to prominent leaders...
C-Won a lawsuit filed against him by a major athenian political figure who disliked the way he was portrayed in one of Aristophanes' comedies
The procedure is known as ostracism in the fifth-century BCE. Athens served as a safeguard against which of the following?
D-Despotism by any individual who had become so popular that he might overthrow the democracy
Socrates was the first philosopher in Ancient Greece to...
D-Make ethics and morality the main focus of his teachings
According to Thucydides, what reason did Pericles offer for rejecting Sparta's ultimatum?
D-Pericles argued that going in to sprat's demand would be a sign of weakness and would only encourage Sparta to take further advantage of Athens
Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet in the battle of Salamis in 480 BCE?
D-The Greeks forced the Persians to fight in a narrow strait between the island of Salamis and the coast, where their sturdier ships rammed the flimsier Persian ships
Historians refer to the period from around 500-400 BCE as the Golden Age of Greece because during this period...
D-The Greeks put forward innovations in architecture, sculpture, drama, and philosophy
What finally led to Athenian defeat and the conclusion of the Peloponnesian war?
D-The Spartans enlisted the help of the Persians to build a navy that could force the Athenians to surrender
How did the ordinary Male citizens contribute to the development of Athenian radical democracy?
D-They pressed for judicial reform and equal treatment under the law
What was one of Pericles' most important democratic inventions?
D-modest salary to any office holder selected by lottery-allowing poor men to serve as public officials