WGSS/BIOL 350 Quizzes 1-13 STUDY SET
Please match the following terms with the correct definition. A. A surgical procedure where the vas deferens from each testicle is clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed. This prevents sperm from mixing with the rest of the semen that is ejaculated from the penis, thus resulting in sterilization. B. A surgical procedure in which both fallopian tubes are blocked, tied, and/or cut. Though the ovaries will continue to produce and release mature eggs, tubal ligation will prevent egg and sperm from getting together, thus resulting in sterilization.
(A) Vasectomy (B) Tubal ligation
Please match the following terms with their correct definitions: A. Dysmenorrhea B. Endometriosis C. Obstetric fistula D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
(C) A hole between the vagina and rectum or bladder that is caused by prolonged obstructed labor. (B) An often painful disorder in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus. (D) A serious infection that develops in the pelvic region when certain STDs are not treated. (A) Painful menstruation due to cramping in the pelvis and lower abdomen.
Please match the following terms with their correct definition: A. Phimosis B. Paraphimosis C. Peyronie's disease D. Priapism
(C) Fibrous tissue develops in the V-groove between the corpora cavernosa. (A) The inability to retract the foreskin; the foreskin is too tight to be retracted. (B) The inability to pull the foreskin back over the penile glans. (D) A painful, persistent, non-erotic erection that is not relieved by ejaculation.
Embryonic development is associated with what weeks of pregnancy?
0-8 weeks
Read the paragraph below, then look at the diagram to locate each structure written in italics and insert the corresponding number into each blank space. The clitoris 1 contains numerous nerve endings and is the most sexually sensitive area with the sole purpose of producing pleasure. The clitoris has no reproductive functioning (only pleasure!), the organ of reproduction is the vagina 8 . The anus 7 is another area that contains numerous nerve endings and is a part of the body's primary erogenous zones. Wrapped around the urethra 6 you find the Skene's glands 16 . The Skene's glands develop from the same underlying tissue as the prostate gland and have the ability to release fluid (sometimes a significant amount of fluid!) during orgasm. This is sometimes referred to as squirting, gushing, "female" ejaculation.
1 8 7 6 16
In the United States, how many people are not aware of their positive HIV infection?
1 in 7
In states where abortion remains legal, during what weeks of pregnancy are the vast amount of abortions performed?
1-12 weeks
In the United States, approximately how many people identify as trans?
1.4 million
Young boys often being puberty sometime between the ages of:
10-14
About how long does the average orgasm last?
10-20 seconds
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. External genitalia begins to develop around the 10th week of pregnancy. To develop biological male external genitalia, the hormone testosterone needs to be converted to hormone dihydrotestosterone via the enzyme 5-alpha reductase . In the absence of these hormones biological female , external genitalia will develop. External genitalia develop from homologous tissue.
10th male testosterone dihydrotestosterone 5-alpha reductase female homologous
In what year were the first cases of AIDS reported?
1981
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. HIV can transmit via the following body fluids: semen, breastmilk, blood, vaginal fluids, and rectal secretions. Rank the fluids in order of highest (1st) to lowest (5th) concentration of HIV:
1st - blood 2nd - semen 3rd - vaginal fluids 4th - rectal secretions 5th - breastmilk
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of human sexual response. Please rank them in the correct order of appearance:
1st - excitement 2nd - plateau 3rd - orgasm 4th - resolution
Read the paragraph below, then look at the diagram to locate each structure written in italics and insert the corresponding number into each blank space. The testis 2 are the site of sperm and hormone production housed by the scrotum 1 . Sperm production is dependent on optimal temperature conditions, hence the testis location outside of the body. The average scrotal temperatures in humans are typically 2.5 to 3 degrees Celsius lower than body temperature (37 degrees Celsius). Spermatogenesis, which means the production of sperm, is most efficient at 34 degrees Celsius. The shaft of the penis contains erectile tissues that engorge with blood during an erection. The average shaft 13 of a human penis in an unaroused flaccid state is 3.61 inches or 9.2 centimeters. With an erection, the shaft stretches to an average length of 5.16 inches or 13.1 centimeters. The penile glans 15 contains numerous nerve endings and is the most sexually sensitive area of the penis. In a flaccid state, the foreskin covers the penile glans to protect its sensitivity. The rim of the penile glans is known as the corona 14 . The anus 5 also contains numerous nerve endings and is a part of the body's primary eroge
2 1 13 15 14 5 7
What year did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that same-sex marriage be legalized?
2015
If a menstrual cycle is ______ days long, ovulation will take place on the ______ day of the cycle.
28; 14th 21; 7th 35; 21st
Globally, how many people live with HIV/AIDS?
38.4 million
Read the paragraph below, then look at the diagram to locate each structure written in italics and insert the corresponding number into each blank space. The ovary 4 is responsible for producing hormones and ova (eggs). At the time of ovulation, the fimbria 5 which is the fingerlike structure at the end of each fallopian tube 7 sweeps over the ovary to catch the egg. Once caught, the egg moves down the fallopian tube to reach the uterus 6 . If the egg is fertilized, it will implant here into the endometrium 3 which is the innermost lining of the uterus. The neck of the uterus is known as the cervix 2 which reaches into the vagina, also known as the birth canal. The vaginal walls contain numerous folds called rugae 1 . The vaginal opening, introitus 8 is covered by inner lips known as the labia minora 11 . The outer lips of the vulva are known as the labia majora 15 .
4 5 7 6 3 2 1 8 11 15
What enzyme is needed to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?
5-alpha reductase
Certain hormones and enzymes are needed to be present for the development of external genitalia. The presence of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase is required in order for testosterone to be converted to dihydrotestosterone . This hormone is essential for the development of biological male external genitalia. An individual who lacks this enzyme is often born with external genitalia that more resembles that of a biological female . This intersex condition is known as 5-ARD
5-alpha reductase testosterone dihydrotestosterone male female 5-ARD
Someone with a chromosomal make-up of XY but who lacks the enzyme 5-α reductase and can therefore not convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), describes an intersex condition known as...
5-alpha reductase deficiency (5ARD)
What enzyme is needed to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?
5α-reductase
How long does it take to produce a human sperm?
74 days
Young girls often being puberty sometime between the ages of:
8-12
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Internal genitalia begins to develop around the 8th week of pregnancy. To develop XY internal genitalia, testosterone produced by the Leydig cells, and Müllerian inhibiting hormone , produced by the Sertoli cells is needed. In the absence of these two hormones, XX internal genitalia will develop. The Wolffian ducts develop into the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and seminal vesicles. The Müllerian ducts develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper two-thirds of the vagina.
8th XY testosterone Müllerian inhibiting hormone XX Wolffian Müllerian
Read the paragraph below, then look at the diagram to locate each structure written in italics and insert the corresponding number into each blank space. The Shaft of the penis consists of three cylindrical structures. To distinguish between these it helps to remember that the urethra 9 runs through the corpus spongiosum 10 . The corpora cavernosa 8 occur as a pair and are located on top of the corpus spongiosum. The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum are erectile tissues that engorge with blood during sexual arousal causing an erection. Shortly after erection, pre-cum can be seen exuding from the urethra. Pre-cum is produced by the bulbourethral glands 6 also known as Cowper's glands. The testicles 1 are housed in the scrotum. On the top of each testicle, you find the epididymis 2 , and mature sperm are stored here prior to ejaculation. During ejaculation, sperm will travel from the epididymis through the vas deferens 3 and pick up fluids from the seminal vesicles 4 , and from the prostate gland 5
9 10 8 6 1 2 3 4 5
What is hypospadias?
A birth defect of the urethra where the urinary opening is not at the usual location on the head of the penis.
What is compulsory heterosexuality?
A term popularized by poet Adrienne Rich, that explains a cultural phenomenon related to heteronormativity. It describes the domination of culture by those in heterosexual relationships and the social expectations tied to the belief that heterosexuality is the norm and that all other sexual orientations are deviant.
What is cystitis?
A urinary tract infection, also known as UTI.
Issues surrounding adult-child sexual interactions include...
A. A child may be afraid or embarrassed to report sexual abuse B. Parents may be reluctant to expose the child to the stress of legal proceedings and may therefore refrain from reporting and prosecuting the perpetrator C. Parents may not always believe the child, especially if the abuser is a family member or close family friend
Possible symptoms of STDs include:
A. Abdominal or back pain B. Abnormal vaginal or penile discharge C. No symptoms (asymptomatic) D. Pain or burning with urination
Which of the following are reasons that the media is influential through advertising?
A. Advertisements have subliminal messages B. Advertisements are based on vulnerability and acceptance C. Advertisements are customized and lack interactivity
Individuals who have experienced sexual violence/abuse are most likely to talk to a friend about their experience. As a friend, it is important that you...
A. Affirm that the abusive situation was not his or her fault B. Inform your friend of options and resources for further assistance C. Believe your friend D. Respect the rights of your friend to do what he/she thinks is best for them E. Express concern for your friend's safety when appropriate
What are some reasons why sexual violence and abuse are so grossly underreported?
A. Because it is difficult to report someone you know. It is estimated that 4 out of 5 people who have experienced some form of sexual violence know the person who abused them. B. Feelings of guilt, shame, self-blame, and a worry about what will happen to the abuser if a report is made. C. Unawareness of what the process of reporting sexual violence and abuse entails. A fear that if abuse is disclosed to a teacher, school counselor, or even a friend, it will become a police investigation.
What is sexism?
A. Behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex B. Prejudice or discrimination based on sex
What are some common reasons that might contribute to the ineffectiveness of penile condoms?
A. Breakage when opening the package. B. Not checking the expiration date. C. Too much air in the tip. D. Insufficient lubrication. E. Not fitting properly. F. Slipping during penetration and/or when pulling out.
What does discourse mean?
A. Certain ways of thinking B. Describes relations between different forms of power C. Ways of constituting knowledge D. The use of specific language
During the 16-20th week of development, an ultrasound can be performed to check the health of the fetus and the quality of the fetal environment. What are some things that can be revealed by this specific ultrasound at this point in the pregnancy?
A. Check the location of the placenta B. Measure the size of the fetus's head, stomach, and heart C. Assess the amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus D. Check that the head, neck, chest, heart, spine, stomach, kidneys, bladder, arms, legs, and umbilical cord are all developing properly
Research has shown that sexual violence and abuse are more common in societies where there is a power imbalance between genders. Sexual violence and abuse also tend to be more common in societies with a strong patriarchal structure in place. What are some characteristics of a patriarchal society?
A. Cisgender men dominate in ownership of land and property B. Cisgender male authority supersedes that of any other gender D. Cisgender men hold primary power in political leadership
Which methods of birth control need a prescription?
A. Combination pill B. Mini pill C. NuvaRing
Reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies will also reduce the number of abortions. According to your course reader some ways to achieve this include:
A. Comprehensive pregnancy prevention education. B. Increase acceptance and access to contraception. C. The use of contraception needs to be a formal/informal value.
What are some important aspects of being a supportive LGBTQI ally?
A. Confront Your Prejudice. It may be uncomfortable, but it's important to examine yourself and the assumptions you make. Think about the jokes you tell and the pronouns you use. Examine your behavior and focus on how to be a better ally. B. Respect the Pronouns. When someone tells you what pronoun they prefer, use it. Always. If you're unsure of what to use, try "them" or "they" or use their name, and ask what pronouns to use. C. Be Open. LGBTQ people often face a lot of judgment and discrimination. You can create a safe place by simply being willing to talk and not passing judgment. Start by listening and asking open-ended questions. D. Check Your Resources. Do some research and read up on how you can be supportive of our LGBTQI community. Place this responsibility on yourself instead of expecting your LGBTQI friends to educate you. E. Challenge Your Assumptions. Think about what being a "man" or "woman" means to you. How do those ideas affect your ability to be a strong ally? Do they influence your judgments, words, or actions? Try to be open to other definitions and see where it takes you.
What is consent?
A. Consent to some form of sexual activity does not necessarily imply consent to other forms of sexual activity B. All people involved must be fully conscious and actively communicate their consent C. Give permission and agree to by free will and based on choice D. Free from coercion and peer pressure
What types of intrauterine devices (IUDs) are available on the market?
A. Copper B. Hormonal
Emotional violence is common in relationships. What are some warning signs of emotional abuse by your partner?
A. Damages your property when they're angry (breaking cell phones, throwing objects, punching walls, kicking doors, etc.) B. Constantly checks up on you, and monitors where you go, who you call, and who you spend time with. C. Accuses you of cheating and is often jealous of your outside relationships. D. When you argue, they humiliate or yell, call you names, and intentionally insults you to put you down. E. Refuses to trust you and acts jealous or possessive.
Ted and Alexis are considering becoming sexually active. They are about to have a conversation about contraception. What are some things to consider about what kind of contraception they should choose?
A. Do they have all the information needed to make an informed decision? B. Can they obtain the device they decide to use? C. Is the method they chose in agreement with their values? D. Does their personality fit with using the method chosen?
What do condoms offer that other forms of birth control do not?
A. Easy access as no prescription is needed. B. Some protection against STD transmission.
What are secondary sexual characteristics?
A. Enlargement of breasts and erection of nipples. B. Deepening of the voice. D. Increased muscle mass and strength. E. Growth of body hair, axillary and pubic hair.
If you think you might have an STD....
A. It's advisable that you get tested at your doctor's office, or at a sexual and reproductive health care clinic such as Planned Parenthood. B. Refrain from sexual activity or take extra percussion until the test results are known. C. Communicate with your partner(s) as soon as possible; while this is not always easy, it is a responsibility that comes with the decision to have sex.
What are some of the benefits of breastfeeding an infant?
A. Less diarrhea, constipation, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux, and preterm necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). B. Breast milk contains antibodies that help infants fight off viruses and bacteria. C. Breast milk supports the infant's immune system and may protect them later in life from chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes. D. Lower rates of infant mortality.
Symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea may include?
A. No symptoms at all B. Painful urination C. Abdominal pain caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) D. Unusual discharge from the vagina or the penis
What are some functions of the placenta?
A. Provides glucose and oxygen from the mother to the fetus. B. Produces a number of important hormones to help sustain the pregnancy. C. Takes care of waste products from the fetus to the pregnant person.
What does the term objectification mean?
A. Seeing and/or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object. B. The treatment of a person as lacking in agency, and perhaps also in activity. C. The treatment of a person as a tool for the objectifier's purposes. D. The treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses.
What are common side-effects of having received medical treatment for an intersex condition under usual protocols?
A. Shame at apparently having been so unacceptable that one needed multiple and secretive treatments in order to be "normal". B. A need for further surgeries to address the complications of earlier surgery. C. Pain and/or reduced or eliminated sexual sensation in the genital region.
Methods of abortion include:
A. Suction abortion (vacuum aspiration) B. Dilation and Evacuation (D&E) C. Medical abortion (abortion pills)
In the context of HIV, what does it mean to be virally suppressed?
A. That viral loads are so low that they are undetectable by an HIV test. B. That HIV cannot be transmitted to an HIV-negative partner.
The likelihood of transmitting or contracting an STD depends on numerous factors, including?
A. The level of immune system functioning. B. Exposure to high viral or bacterial loads. C. The use of protection such as condoms, dental dams, or latex gloves. D. Presence of existing infection and/or disease. E. Severe stress and/or being overly tired.
From the two films about human sexual response, we learned that:
A. The release of oxytocin during the orgasmic phase can cause mild to moderate mydriasis, which is the dilation of the pupils. B. Penile ejaculation occurs in several spurts, the first or second spurt is typically the largest and can contain 40 percent or more of the total ejaculate volume. C. A sex flush may appear during the excitement phase, usually on the cheeks of the face or the chest.
What happens during the tenting effect?
A. The uterus pulls up B. The vagina widens C. The vagina lengthens
Which of the following terms are sometimes used as a slur to offend someone from our LGBTQI community?
A. Trannie B. Homosexual C. Transvestite D. Hermaphrodite
The ruling in Miller v. California is a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court redefined its definition of what constitutes obscenity. This definition has been translated into what is referred to as the Miller Test, a test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case the material is not protected by the First Amendment and therefore becomes illegal. The Miller test was developed in 1973 and has three parts, what are they?
A. Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct or excretory functions specifically defined by applicable state law. B. Whether "the average person, applying contemporary community standards", would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest. C. Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
According to the diagram, which of the following statements are TRUE?
A. X are determined by the presence of a Y chromosome B. W are determined by the absence of a Y chromosome C. Z develop in the absence of MIH and testosterone D. Y are the Wolffian ducts E. Z are the Müllerian ducts
Androgens....
A. are involved in the growth of the penis at puberty. B. are necessary for sperm production. C. are responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair. D. affect the vocal cords causing the voice to deepen.
Possible positive outcomes of masturbation include...
A. enhanced awareness about body function B. feelings of pleasure and satisfaction C. a physical release of stress
The body's moist warm transitional zones include....
A. eyes, mouth, and throat. B. anus and the urethra. C. vagina and glans (head) of the penis
Though symptoms of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is rare some may be:
A. high fever B. fainting C. vomiting D. diarrhea
Possible erogenous zones include (but are not limited to)?
A. inner thighs B. breasts C. mouth D. anus E. genitals F. ears G. feet H. neck
Ejaculation from the Skene's Gland:
A. is expelled through the urethra. B. is thought to be associated with G-spot stimulation. C. is not urine.
Orgasm....
A. is not always essential for a pleasurable and fulfilling sexual experience. B. involves rhythmic muscular contractions that include the myometrium of the uterus. C. is often accompanied by penile ejaculation which occurs in two stages; emission and expulsion.
Outercourse behaviors, which are often referred to as foreplay...
A. may result in orgasms B. are helpful in reducing STD transmission C. in the context of straight sex, eliminates the risk of an unwanted pregnancy D. allow for increased exploration of sexual pleasure
The experience of an orgasm can be triggered by stimulation of the:
A. penile glans B. clitoris C. vagina D. the mouth E. anus
Some of the recommendations for improving sexual health include...
A. performing regular self-exams to check for possible testicular and/or breast cancer. B. being committed to STD testing and gynecological exams when needed. C. knowing your body, recognizing what it looks and feels like when it is healthy.
Recent research about sexuality education in schools and in the home, suggests that when teachers and parents have sound conversations about sex and sexuality this contributes to...
A. teens initiating sexual behavior at a later age. B. an increase in teen's accessing and using contraception. C. a confident and positive exploration of sexuality. D. young people feel empowered to say yes to wanted sexual behavior. E. and no to unwanted sexual behavior.
According to Masters and Johnson, during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle...
A. the penis becomes erect due to vasocongestion. B. vaginal lubrication occurs due to vasocongestion. C. the clitoris engorges with blood and becomes erect; most tumescence in females occurs internally.
From our learning about paraphilias we know that...
A. when engaging in BDSM you always have a safe word that is used to stop a behavior. B. a fetish is a need for inanimate objects to reach sexual gratification. D. paraphilia refers to lust or love towards an inhuman object or non-consenting person(s).
What can protect you from an HIV infection?
A. Condoms C. Abstinence D. Knowing your own and your partner(s) HIV status.
What is the best way to know your STD status?
A. Get yourself tested regularly for STDs so that you know your current status.
Which of the following STDs are caused by viruses?
A. HIV C. Condyloma D. Genital herpes
What is the most effective way of preventing STD transmission?
A. Know STD status and use appropriate protection when needed.
Historically, masturbation was seen as problematic behavior. Which of the following were used to curb masturbation?
A. Leeches C. Circumcision E. Kellog's Corn Flakes
Which of the following groups are directly affected by the overturning of Roe v. Wade?
A. People who rely on Medicaid or other federally funded health care. B. People who reside in states where abortion is illegal or heavily restricted. C. United States military personnel who rely on military insurance.
Hormonal birth control pills, like the combination pill and the mini pill, work in three main ways, what are they?
A. Thickens the cervical mucus to act as a plug the cervix, which makes it challenging for sperm to enter. C. Acts as negative feedback on the HPGA hormones GnRH, FSH, and LH so that no ovulation will occur. D. Makes the endometrium less blood-rich and therefore inhospitable to implantation.
What type of lubricant should be used with condoms?
A. Water-based lube C. Silicone-based lube
Your sister tells you that she is having pain in the lower abdomen. After reading about conditions of XX genitalia you might suspect a number of things related to the reproductive tract...
A. she could have endometriosis, which is commonly associated with pelvic pain. C. she could experience pain due to ectopic pregnancy. D. she might have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) due to an infection with gonorrhea or chlamydia. E. she may be experiencing mittelschmerz pain due to ovulation.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring hormone testosterone. Taking AAS will elevate testosterone levels yet decrease sperm production, why is this?
AAS negatively affects LH
In the United States, approximately how many people are living with HIV?
About 1.2 million
HIV and AIDS in the U.S. disproportionately affect which of the following racial/ethnic group?
African American/Black
Which of the following researchers developed a scale that measured sexual behavior?
Alfred Kinsey
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with which of the following cancers?
All of the above
When are people diagnosed with intersex conditions?
All of the above
Which of the following is a significant social issue that gender variant and intersex people face in their daily lives?
All of the above
Which of these are risk factors for developing cervical cancer?
All of the above.
What is the difference in definition between a transgender person and an intersex person?
An intersex person has XY and XX biological characteristics, and a trans person has a felt sense of identity that is incongruous with the identity attributed to them based on their sex assignment.
Someone with a chromosomal make-up of XY where the cells have a partial or complete inability to respond to androgens describes an intersex condition known as...
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
What is an epidural?
Anesthesia medications that are injected into the epidural space of the spinal cord
What enzyme is needed to convert testosterone to estrogen?
Aromatase
Which of the following enzymes is needed to convert testosterone to estrogen?
Aromatase
When you suspect someone might be trans or genderqueer, how do you know which pronoun to use?
Ask the person what pronoun(s) they prefer.
In the United States, births most commonly take place where?
At a hospital
Please read each description below, and match it to the correct phase of Masters and Johnson's 4-stage model of sexual response. A. This phase involves a highly pleasurable response involving the feeling of physiological and psychological release from maximum levels of sexual excitement. The sympathetic part of the nervous system is most dominant in this phase. B. During this phase, there is an increase in pulse, respiratory, and heart rates. The testes elevate closer to the body and there is an increased tenting effect. The sympathetic part of the nervous system is most dominant in this phase. C. During this phase, detumescence occurs. The pulse, heart, and respiratory rates drop, and muscles begin to relax. A deep sense of bodily satisfaction occurs. The parasympathetic part of the nervous system is most dominant in this phase. D. During this phase, tumescence begins causing the penis to become erect and the vagina begins to widen and lengthen. The parasympathetic part of the nervous system tends to be most dominant, particularly in the early stages of this phase.
B - Plateau phase C - Resolution phase A - Orgasmic phase D - Excitement phase
In the context of the United States, what factors are the main drives behind public sex education?
B. Abstinence education C. Teen pregnancy prevention E. STD prevention
Which of the following STDs are caused by bacteria?
B. Syphilis C. Chlamydia D. Gonorrhea
Which of the following behaviors could transmit HIV?
B. Unprotected penetrative sex. C. Vaginal delivery as the neonate passes through the vaginal canal. E. Sharing contaminated needles with intravenous drug use
What constitutes an AIDS diagnosis?
B. When someone living with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 per mm3 (cubic milliliter) of blood. C. When someone living with HIV contracts an opportunistic infection (OI) such as cancer or severe pneumonia.
What is tumescence?
B. Engorgement with blood (vascular congestion) of the erectile tissues, marking sexual excitation, and possible readiness for sexual activity.
Which of the following contraception does only contain progesterone?
B. Implanon D. DepoProvera
The Cowper's glands are homologous to which of the following organs?
Bartholin's glands
The term intersex refers to what type of variation?
Biological
During the Nature v. Nurture debate that was particularly prominent in the 1960s and 1970s, what researcher challenged the supposed impact of nurture by suggesting that nature (referring to our human biology) was a crucial part of our sexual identity?
Biologist, Dr. Milton Diamond
In the United States, what type of cancer is most common among women?
Breast cancer
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to sexual assault?
Bystander intervention
What type of contraception would you recommend to someone who is forgetful and have trouble forming daily habits?
C. DepoProvera D. NuvaRing F. IUD G. The patch
The combination pill or other methods of administering estrogen/progesterone combinations may be risky for people who experience what kind of conditions?
C. Those with cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes. D. Those over the age of 35 especially if they smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day.
What was the Tuskegee Study about?
C. A study by the U.S. Public Health Services that explored the progression of untreated syphilis in African American men who thought they were receiving free treatment for "bad blood".
You can become infected with HIV from....
C. None of the above.
The immune system response is orchestrated by which of the following cells?
CD4+ T cells
The immune system response is orchestrated by, which of the following cells?
CD4+ T cells
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) manifests in the body by binding to the CD4+ T cells . HIV is transmitted through various bodily fluids, and the highest concentration of HIV is found in blood , followed by semen and vaginal fluids . HIV also exists in rectal secretions from the anus and in breastmilk from the breast, though in much lower concentrations. HIV exists in saliva but not in high enough concentrations to be transmissible. The most common route of HIV transmission from a global perspective is via unprotected penile/vaginal sex. However, here in the U.S., the most common route of HIV transmission is via unprotected penile/anal sex.
CD4+ T cells blood semen vaginal fluids rectal secretions breastmilk saliva penile/vaginal penile/anal
What has to dilate before a vaginal birth is possible?
Cervix
What is a medical term used for surgical removal of a viable fetus?
Cesarean section
Which is the most common STD caused by bacteria?
Chlamydia
What causes miscarriage?
Chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo
Which of the following organs have the sole purpose of producing pleasure?
Clitoris
Someone with an overproduction of androgens in the adrenal glands that can affect both chromosomal make-ups of, XX and XY, describes an intersex condition known as...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
The CERTS model describes five components important to healthy sexual relationships, what are they?
Consent, Equality, Respect, Trust, Safety
Semen is made up of fluids from which of the following structures?
Cowper's gland Prostate gland Seminal vesicles
The Bartholin's glands are homologous to which of the following organs?
Cowper's glands
Helen Singer Kaplan criticized Masters and Johnson's four-stage model of sexual response and stated that humans have what she refers to as a "brain appetite" for sex. To illustrate this, she developed a tri-phasic model of sexual response that included a phase to recognize this brain appetite, what is the name of this phase?
Desire
What do you call a pregnancy that implants in the fallopian tube?
Ectopic
What is the innermost lining of the uterus called?
Endometrium
The body of the uterus has three layers, what are they called?
Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium
The substance called, ______ is produced by a living organism and acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Enzymes
Where is sperm stored prior to ejaculation?
Epididymis
The Wolffian ducts develop into what?
Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles
Due to lowers levels of __________ that are common after menopause or for some people on hormonal contraception, the vaginal walls tend to get dry and sometimes itchy.
Estrogen
Fertilization most commonly occurs where?
Fallopian tube
The Müllerian ducts develop into what?
Fallopian tubes Two inner thirds of the vagina Uterus
A large percentage of sexual assaults are falsely reported.
False
According to the film Intersexion (2012), over 50 different intersex condition has been noted.
False
Being straight is a lifestyle some people choose.
False
Former U.S. Surgeon General, Dr. Joycelyn Elders won an award for her commentary on masturbation and sex education.
False
HIV exists in saliva in small concentrations and can therefore transmit via deep kissing, though this is rare.
False
HIV is one of the most common STDs because it is so easily contracted.
False
If someone does not physically resist unwanted sexual behavior, then it is not sexual assault.
False
In the United States, the age of consent to sexual behaviors is 18.
False
Infertility means that you can never get pregnant.
False
Just like the testes, the ovaries keep producing new eggs that are being released each month. It takes 28 days for a new egg to develop.
False
Penile circumcision is often done for cultural reasons, whereas circumcision of the vulva is strictly performed for religious purposes.
False
Perpetrators of child sexual abuse are typically strangers to the child's family.
False
Sex, walking, and eating spicy foods will bring on labor.
False
The United States has the largest incarcerated population in the world, with 2.2 million people in prison or other closed settings. HIV prevalence is estimated to be 1.5% among prisoners, compared to 0.5% among the general population. Most prisoners are infected with HIV before they are incarcerated, and to reduce transmission, all prisoners in the US are tested for HIV as they enter prison. People who test positive are detained in separate facilities. Since sex is common in prison, condoms are offered to inmates to reduce possible HIV transmission.
False
The average scrotal temperatures in humans are typically 2.5 to 3 degrees Celsius higher than regular body temperature (37 degrees Celsius).
False
The refractory period is the recovery phase that is often associated with penile ejaculation. During this time it is physiologically impossible for penile erection and ejaculation to occur. The length of the refractory period will decrease with age.
False
Though it is rare, some people lack an X chromosome and have a total of 45 chromosomes including a single Y chromosome.
False
Most often, what is the first sign of pregnancy?
Fatigue
Which of the following are functions of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Formation and maintenance of the corpus luteum
What is one of the most common reasons given in support of intersex surgeries on ambiguous genitalia?
Fueled by heteronormativity, it is thought that if you can create genitals that look more typical male or female, you are improving the development of "normal" gender identity and sexual orientation (i.e., cisgender and heterosexuality).
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Gender identity refers to a person's individual and internal sense and subjective experience of their own gender irrespective of sex assigned at birth. Sexual orientation is the preferred term used when referring to an individual's physical and/or emotional attraction to the same and/or opposite gender. Gender role It is a set of social and behavioral norms that dictate how we should think, speak, dress, and interact within the context of society.
Gender identity Sexual orientation Gender role
The clitoris and the penile glans develop from which of the following homologous tissues?
Genital tubercle
What part of the penis has the most nerve endings?
Glans
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. The hypothalamus has neurosecretory neurons that produce the hormone GnRH . In response, the anterior pituitary releases two hormones known as FSH and LH . FSH will act on the seminiferous tubules to initiate sperm production. This in turn causes the Sertoli cells to produce the hormone inhibin . LH will act on the Leydig cells to initiate the production of testosterone .
GnRH FSH and LH seminiferous tubules sperm Sertoli cells inhibin Leydig cells testosterone
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of the drugs used to treat them. This means the germs are not killed and they will continue to reproduce. The bacteria that cause the STD is known as, ___________, has developed resistance to nearly all of the antibiotics used for treatment. One of the most problematic strains that have developed resistance is called H041.
Gonorrhea
Which of the following is the most recent STD?
HIV
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV is a virus and AIDS is a diagnosis
What is internalized homophobia?
Happens when LGBQ individuals are subjected to society's negative perceptions, intolerance, and stigmas towards LGBQ people, and as a result, turn those ideas inward believing they are true.
The term ________ is used to describe the condition of someone who possesses both ovarian and testicular tissue. This term is a stigmatizing and misleading word. There is growing momentum to eliminate the word from medical literature and to use the word "intersex" in its place. However, some intersex people have reclaimed the word with pride to refer to themselves (in a similar fashion to how words such as dyke and queer have been reclaimed by LGBT people).
Hermaphrodite
Which of the following STDs does not currently have a cure?
Herpes
If you or someone you know suffers from bad PMS (pre-menstrual symptoms), which of the following options might help ease the PMS?
Hormonal contraceptives
______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region.
Hormones
What's the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Masters & Johnson published their findings in a book that was released in 1966, what was their book about?
Human sexual response
The __________ was a legislative provision that excluded the use of federal funds to pay for abortion care.
Hyde Amendment
Which of the following organs produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
Hypothalamus
Where in the body is an IUD placed?
In the uterus
What is the purpose of the scrotum?
In warm temperatures, it lowers the testes away from the body.
Which of the following is not a common challenge faced by gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, and questioning youth?
Increased risk of committing crimes.
Which of the following terms are generally considered to be appropriate to use?
Intersex
The medication Viagra is one of the most widely known prescription drug names on the U.S. market, and is often referred to as "the little blue pill". It is a tremendously popular drug used to help treat erectile dysfunction, and as a result, Pfizer, the medical company that sells Viagra earns about $2 billion annually in profit. The effective ingredient in Viagra is called, sildenafil citrate, what does this ingredient do?
It blocks PDE5
What happens when the cremasteric reflex is triggered?
It causes the cremastes muscle to contract and elevate the testis.
What is this?
Karyotype
Someone with an extra X chromosome added to the XY combination, resulting in a chromosomal make-up of a total of 47 chromosomes (sex chromosomes are XXY), describes an intersex condition known as...
Klinefelter syndrome
The scrotum and the labia majora develop from which of the following homologous tissues?
Labioscrotal swelling
What does LGBTQI stand for?
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex
Lexi has been in a relationship with her boyfriend Fez for about three months. A few weeks ago, they decided to skip using condoms since Lexi is now on the pill (hormonal contraception). Neither Lexi nor Fez knows that Fez is infected with chlamydia. This last week they had penile/vaginal intercourse five times without a condom. Lexi's friend Rue is newly single, and over the last two months, she has had penile/vaginal sex with five different guys without using a condom. One of the guys Rue had unprotected penile/vaginal intercourse with had an unknown infection with chlamydia. Who do you think is more likely to contract chlamydia, Lexi, or Rue?
Lexi
Which of the following cancers is most deadly?
Lung and bronchial cancer
What hormone in urine will an ovulation predictor kit search for?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which of the following is the most common sexual behavior throughout the world?
Masturbation
Which of the following is the most commonly performed method of neonatal male circumcision in the United States?
Mogen clamp method
What type of pregnancy is most common?
Monozygotic
The vulva is a cover term and includes which of the following structures?
Mons pubis Clitoris Vaginal opening Labia majora Labia minora
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Necrophilia : An erotic attraction to corpses that may also involve sexual penetration of the corpse. Frotteurism : The practice of achieving sexual stimulation and/or orgasm by touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person, usually in a public place. Voyeurism : The practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others (who may be unaware of being observed) when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity. Exhibitionism : Extravagant behavior that is intended to attract attention to oneself by exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.
Necrophilia Frotteurism Voyeurism Exhibitionism
Is there a cure for HIV?
No
Is there a vaccine that prevents HIV infection or AIDS?
No
How many Barr bodies do you have if you have a genetic karyotype of 46 XY?
None
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Freud's psychoanalytic theory of gender development suggests that gender development takes place in the phallic stage. During this stage, the child's libido is focused on their genitals. According to Freud, the development of gender is different for boys and for girls: boys experience the Oedipus complex and identify with their father and take on a male gender role. This complex is characterized by castration anxiety . Girls experience the Electra complex and identify with their mother and take on a female gender role. This complex is characterized by penis envy .
Oedipus castration anxiety Electra penis envy
What hormone triggers the expulsion of milk?
Oxytocin
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland?
Oxytocin Prolactin Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which of these tests effectively screens for cervical cancer?
Pap smear test
The cell that engulfs bacteria and foreign debris by a cell is called:
Phagocyte
What condition did the Reimer twins have that required them to have surgery?
Phimosis
What is the definition of pornography?
Printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings.
Which hormone increases to sustain the pregnancy?
Progesterone
Which of the following hormones is produced by the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
Which of the following hormones initiates milk production?
Prolactin
In the Unites States, what type of cancer is most common among men?
Prostate cancer
The Skene's glands are homologous to what tissue?
Prostate gland
The Skene's glands are homologous to which of the following organs?
Prostate gland
What is the sole purpose of the clitoris?
Provide sexual pleasure
The following definitions describe a set of attributes and gender performativity that are socially constructed and culturally bound, made up of both socially-defined and biologically created factors. Please match the following terms with their correct descriptions. A. Androgyny B. Masculinity C. Femininity
Qualities or attributes regarded as characteristics of men. - B Qualities or attributes regarded as characteristic of women. - C Combination of masculine and feminine characteristics into an ambiguous form. - A
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Rape : Sexual penetration conducted on another without their consent. Sexual assault : Unwanted, non-consensual touching of a sexual and physical nature. Intimate partner violence : When one partner in an intimate relationship uses abusive tactics to control the other. Sexual harassment : Unwanted, verbal/physic
Rape Sexual assault Intimate partner violence Sexual harassment
The foreskin and the clitoral hood develop from which of the following homologous tissues?
Raphe
American psychologist Harry Harlow is best known for his maternal separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments. What type of animal did he use in his research experiments?
Rhesus monkies
Who coined the terms sadism and masochism?
Richard von Krafft-Ebing
The ______________, was a landmark controversial decision by the U.S. Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. The court decided that a right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion.
Roe v. Wade
Which of the following researchers developed Gender Schema Theory?
Sandra Bem
Your friend knows that you are taking this class about sex and sexuality. They ask you about some recent symptoms they have experienced that include, severe itching and a red rash that has developed on their genitals. Based on what you have learned in class you might suggest that they may have contracted _______ and should seek medical attention to get an actual diagnosis and possible treatment.
Scabies
Below you see five images of organisms that can cause an STD. You also see a list of the names of five STDs. Please click on each of the STD names and match them to the organism that causes the disease. Hot Spot Items Item 1 Scabies (parasite) Item 2 Gonorrhea (bacteria) Item 3 Candida albicans (fungi) Item 4 Trichomoniasis (parasitic protozoa) Item 5 Herpes (virus)
Scabies - parasite Gonorrhea - bacteria Candida albicans - fungi Trichomoniasis - parasitic protozoa Herpes - virus
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Search for power : The desire for a sexual space in which you will be dominated by your partner. Sexual arousal becomes intensified with the submission by being spanked and told what to do. Longing and yearning : The commitment to not engage in any sexual relationships until you have found Mr. or Mrs. Right. The wait and anticipation intensify the sexual arousal. Ambivalence about intimacy : When the time comes to define a relationship as serious, you end it. You don't want to really let someone in, but rather enjoy the flirtatious beginning stages of a new relationship. Violation of prohibition : Sneaking into a fitting room at Target to have sex with your partner. You know that this is not allowed, but the fear of getting caught, doing something "naughty" intensifies the arousal.Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Search for power : The desire for
Search for power Longing and yearning Ambivalence about intimacy Violation of prohibition
In the context of sexual behaviors, what is meant by 69?
Simultaneous oral sex on each partner
How long has cancer been around?
Since prehistoric times
The prostate gland is homologous to which of the following organs?
Skene's glands
What are the two largest sex organs in the body?
Skin and brain
What is the relation between having what is designated an intersex condition and having a gender variant identity of one sort or another?
Some intersex people have a gender-variant identity, and others do not
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Spermatogenesis : The term used to describe the production of sperm. Sperm : The term used to describe the gametes produced by testes. Oogenesis : The term used to describe the production of the ovum. Gamete : An organism's reproductive cells. Ova : The term used to describe the gametes produced by the ovaries.
Spermatogenesis Sperm Oogenesis Gamete Ova
What is an example of homophobic expression?
Suggesting that you are accepting of lesbians and gays, but you do not think that they should be allowed to get married or have children.
Who is most likely to have an STD?
Teens and young adults
What is heteronormativity?
The assumption that heterosexuality is the "standard" sexual orientation and that all other orientations deviate from this norm, normalizes behaviors, values, and cultural aspects that relate to and reinforce presumed heterosexuality.
STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause something called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is possible when the reproductive system opens into the abdominal cavity. Which system, the biological male or the biological female opens into the abdominal cavity?
The biological female
If the genetic make-up is XX, what part of the gonad then develops?
The cortex
From a research perspective, what was a key contributor that made the Reimer case so interesting?
The fact that there were identical twin boys involved.
If the genetic make-up is XY, what part of the gonad then develops?
The medulla
What is heterosexism?
The presumption that everyone is straight and that opposite-sex attractions are the norm.
What is amniocentesis?
The sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus.
Which one determines genetic sex?
The sperm
What does sadism mean?
The tendency to derive pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on others.
What does masochism mean?
The tendency to derive pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from one's own pain or humiliation.
How long is the NuvaRing left in place?
Three weeks
How did HIV enter the human population?
Through the slaughtering of monkeys.
Penile circumcision became a routine medical practice in the US during the Victorian Era in the mid-19th-20th century. What was the main drive behind this new medical practice?
To prevent masturbation
A sex-positive approach to dealing with childhood masturbation is to let the child know that the adult knows that masturbation feels good and that it is generally seen as a private behavior.
True
Abortions in the third trimester are very rare and are not legal in most states. Abortions after fetal viability are very restricted, and states that do allow them, only do so under specific circumstances. As a result, there are only a few doctors in the United States that perform abortions in the third trimester.
True
Abuse is a learned behavior. Domestic violence and abuse stem from a desire to gain and maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abusive people believe they have the right to control and restrict their partners, and they may enjoy the feeling that exerting power gives them. They often believe that their own feelings and needs should be the priority in their relationships, so they use abusive tactics to dismantle equality and make their partners feel less valuable and deserving of res
True
According to renowned feminist scholar bell hooks, feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.
True
According to the Intersex Society of North America, the total number of people whose bodies differ from standard male or female is one in 100 births.
True
According to the nonprofit InterACT, about 1.7 percent of the population is intersex, making the condition as common as natural-born redheads.
True
According to the reading, Sadism & Masochism: How Kinky Can You Be, kink is defined as an umbrella term to describe any and all facets of sexualized behaviors that revolve around power differential.
True
After ovulation, under the influence of LH, a new gland is formed from the follicle cells left behind in the ovary. This gland is called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum, which means "yellow body" body in Latin (it actually is yellow!) secretes progesterone and some estrogen, helping the endometrium to prepare for a potential pregnancy.
True
All human beings have at least one X chromosome. Sexual differentiation depends upon the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. Sexual determination involves the specification of the gonads to become either testes or ovaries. If the embryo has a Y chromosome, the presence of the SRY gene will direct the gonads to develop as testes. In the absence of a Y chromosome and the SRY gene, the gonads develop to become ovaries.
True
Anyone can be affected by domestic violence and abuse, but people with disabilities are more likely to experience abuse than people without disabilities. Because abuse is about power and control, people with disabilities may face unique challenges and barriers to accessing support.
True
Before HIV was known to be a viral infection, the condition was named gay-related immunodeficiency (GRID).
True
Critical periods of development refer to specific time periods in embryonic and fetal development when important changes take place. For example, during the 5-6 weeks of embryonic development, if the SRY gene is present, the gonads will transform into testes.
True
Failing to properly clean sex toys can lead to the spread of STDs. Transmission can occur from person to person when sex toys are shared, or a person could re-infect themselves if the toy(s) is not properly cleaned. To prevent transmission of STDs via sex toys, be sure to clean them properly after every use, and always use a condom on things used for penetration, such as dildos and vibrators.
True
Human gonads are bipotential, which means that the gonads have the capability to become either testes or ovaries.
True
If physicians are not able to assign sex at birth, surgeries are sometimes performed within 72 hours after birth to "normalize" the genitals. These surgeries are warranted by the belief that surgeries help the body "properly finish" the correct sexual designation.
True
If you are intoxicated with alcohol, you are not able to give legal consent to engaging in sexual activity.
True
If you, or anyone you know of, has experienced some form of sexual violence and abuse it is often healing to share painful experiences with a professional. It is hard to carry the effects of abuse on your own regardless if it is ongoing, if it happened a month ago, or even if it happened years ago. You have the right to heal! We have excellent counseling services here on campus, that are professional, accessible, and free of charge to students. If you feel you want to reach out, you can call the
True
In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), leading to changes in the broader cultural beliefs about homosexuality and culminating in the contemporary civil rights quest for marriage equality.
True
Intersex is a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male. For example, a person might be born appearing to be female on the outside but having mostly male-typical anatomy on the inside. Or a person may be born with genitals that seem to be in-between the usual male and female types—for example, a girl may be born with a noticeably large clitoris or lacking a vaginal opening, or a boy may be born with a notably small penis, or with a scrotum that is divided so that it has formed more like labia.
True
On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), previous decisions that affirmed the constitutional right to abortion. As a result of the court's decision, there is no longer a constitutional right in the United States that grants access to abortion care. Instead, individual states now regulate the legality and access to abortion care.
True
One ejaculate contains between 200-500 million sperm.
True
Our media culture tends to value visual over oral messages.
True
People living with HIV who take antiretroviral medications daily as prescribed, and who achieve and then maintain an undetectable viral load (viral suppression) have effectively no risk of sexually transmitting the virus to an HIV-negative partner.
True
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a month-long course of drugs to help prevent HIV infection that is taken after a possible exposure to HIV. The word "prophylaxis" means to prevent or control the spread of an infection or disease. PEP means taking HIV medicines within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent becoming infected with HIV.
True
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an HIV prevention strategy where HIV-negative individuals take anti-HIV medications before coming into contact with HIV to reduce their risk of becoming infected. The medications work to prevent HIV from establishing infection inside the body. PrEP is highly effective and reduces the risk of sexual HIV transmission by 99% when taken as prescribed.
True
Primary sexual characteristics are present at birth and comprise the external and internal genitalia.
True
Recent research by Feagin and Bennefiled (2014) shows that institutionalized White socioeconomic resources, discrimination, and racialized framing from centuries of slavery, segregation, and contemporary white oppression severely limit and restrict access of many people of color (POC) to adequate socioeconomic resources-and to adequate health care and health outcomes. It is well-established that Blacks and other POC in the U.S. experience more illness, worse outcomes, and premature death compared with whites. This health discrepancy is painfully evident in recent data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) shows that Black infants in America are now more than twice as likely to die as white infants — 11.3 per 1,000 black babies, compared with 4.9 per 1,000 white babies. Black women are also more likely to experience pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, small birth
True
Research has shown, that in more than 70% of cases studied, additional clitoral stimulation was needed in order to experience an orgasm during vaginal penetration.
True
Sexism can be illustrated by making a comparison to a pyramid. The strong foundation of the pyramid makes the structure last through time, which mirrors our understanding of the progression of sexism.
True
Sexual identity is complex and is influenced by both nature and nurture.
True
Sexual violence and abuse are common occurrences on American college campuses.
True
Sperm that has been ejaculated into a body can live inside that body up for 5 days.
True
The RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) is the largest nonprofit anti-sexual assault organization in the United States. RAINN created and operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline (800.656.HOPE) in partnership with more than 1,000 local sexual assault service providers across the country. RAINN also operates the DoD Safe Helpline for the Department of Defense, which is the sole secure, confidential, and anonymous crisis support service specially designed for members of the Departme
True
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and there are approximately 86 billion neurons in the human brain.
True
The clitoris consists of erectile tissue and engorges with blood during sexual arousal causing an erection.
True
The clitoris lacks a reproductive function.
True
The hymen is often attributed to important cultural significance to indicate virginity. The notion that an intact hymen is proof of virginity is rooted in inaccurate and patriarchal beliefs about controlling sexuality. Most hymens do not cover the vaginal opening. A hymen that covers the vaginal opening is called an imperforate hymen and is a congenital disorder where a hymen without an opening completely obstructs the vagina. Let's debunk the myth of virginity and ask some critical questions about the hymen... Most often, menstruation begins sometime around the age of 10-15 and menstrual blood needs to leave the vagina out through the vaginal opening. The average age of a U.S. bride is somewhere between 25-30. If an intact hymen was to be broken at the time of penile/vaginal penetration during the wedding night, then how would virgins menstruate?! Most hymens do not cover the vaginal opening, which allows for menstruation to leave the body. An imperforate hymen is not very common and is most often diagnosed during adolescence when menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina and sometimes also in the uterus. In October 2018, the UN Human Rights, UN Women, and the World Health Organizat
True
The hypothalamus serves as the connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system and is an area of the brain that is involved in many functions including sexual response.
True
The legality of pornography varies from country to country. In the United States, pornography is protected by the First Amendment which guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition. However, two types of pornography, obscenity and child pornography receive no First Amendment protection and are considered illegal.
True
The number of annual HIV infections in the U.S. began to level off in 2013. However, we still see approximately 35,000 new HIV infections each year.
True
The two terms transgender and intersex are often confused: while a person who is transgender has a gender that is different from the one traditionally associated with the sex they were assigned at birth, a person who is intersex was born with a variation in their sexual or reproductive anatomy such that their body does not fit typical definitions of male or female.
True
When engaging in penetrative behaviors, it is important to remember that it often takes longer for the vagina and/or anus to reach the state where penetration is comfortable and pleasurable in comparison to the relatively short time it takes for the penis to become erect and ready for penetration. Communication is essential in this process making sure that sufficient levels of arousal and excitement have been reached before penetration begins to ensure that both the receiver and the inserter derive pleasure from the penetration.
True
Someone with a genetic variation resulting in having only one X chromosome describes an intersex condition known as...
Turner syndrome
Penile ejaculation occurs in how many stages?
Two
What are the symptoms of cervical cancer in the early stages?
Typically, there are no obvious symptoms.
The penile shaft and the labia minora develop from which of the following homologous tissues?
Urogenital folds
The definition of voyeurism is the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching (in real-time, or live) others getting naked or engaging in sexual activity. However, which of the following behaviors could also be explained as a form of voyeuristic behavior?
Watching pornography with the intent of becoming sexually aroused. Going to a strip club to watch naked people for sexual excitement.
The ____________ was a U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1989 upholding a Missouri law that imposed restrictions on the use of state funds, facilities, and employees in performing, assisting with, or counseling abortions.
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (Webster Decision)
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Every human being has at least one X chromosome. In the presence of a Y chromosome, the medulla of the undifferentiated gonads will develop into testes . Without a Y chromosome, specifically without the SRY gene, the cortex of the undifferentiation gonads will develop into ovaries . The testes begin to develop around 5-6 weeks, and the ovaries begin to develop around 12-16 weeks.
X medulla testes SRY cortex ovaries 5-6 12-16
Who are more genetically identical, XX or XY monozygotic twins?
XY monozygotic twins
Testicular cancer is most common in what age group?
Younger men between the ages of 15-34.
A genderqueer individual is typically defined as...
a gender-nonconforming person who identifies outside a gender binary.
Oral stimulation of the anus is called...
analingus
When a foreign organism enters your body, your immune system recognizes this by detecting the organism's foreign:
antigens
Pheromones....
are species-specific. C. are airborne chemicals.
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. There are five different organisms that are responsible for causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). One of these organisms, bacteria is unicellular and has the capability of cloning itself in a process called binary fission. Another infectious agent responsible for several STDs is the virus , which is a sub-microscopic organism that replicates only inside living cells. The term ectoparasite refers to an organism that is dependent on a blood meal from a human host for its survival, such as lice and mites that attach or burrow into the skin. Candida albicans is a type of fungi that most commonly infect the oral cavity and the genitals. Lastly, parasitic protozoa is a type of single-cell eukaryotic organism that lives in humans, for example, trichomonas vaginalis.
bacteria virus ectoparasite fungi parasitic protozoa
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Nicknamed the "silent disease", chlamydia , often goes unnoticed since most people infected are asymptomatic. This is one of the most common STDs with nearly 2 million new infections yearly. When symptoms do occur, they may involve pain and burning with urination, and abnormal discharge from the penis, vagina, or anus. If left untreated can lead to sterility, PID, and in case of pregnancy, an ectopic pregnancy. Human papillomavirus is the most common STD with about 79 million Americans currently infected and about 14 million new infections per year. This STD is so common that it is estimated that most sexually active people will contract this at some point in their lives. This infection is relatively harmless, sometimes warts develop known as condyloma. There are, however, six strains that have been associated with the development of cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to get regular pap smear tests of the cervix and/or anus and to get vaccinated, Gardasil is one example of such a vaccine. Symptoms
chlamydia Human papillomavirus genital herpes Candida albicans
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Someone who identifies with the sex they were assigned at birth may be referred to as cisgender . Someone who does not identify with the sex they were assigned at birth may be referred to as transgender . Someone who does not identify with a specific gender at all regardless of their sex of assignment may be referred to as agender .
cisgender transgender agender
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Once the egg has been ovulated, the remaining follicle cell develops into the corpus luteum . This yellow body produces large amounts of the hormone progesterone , which causes the endometrium to become secretory in preparation for implantation should the ovum be fertilized. If the ovum is not fertilized, the body degenerates resulting in a drop in both estrogen and progesterone levels. The endometrium then sloughs off in the menstrual flow . The drop in estrogen and progesterone removes the negative feedback inhibition and GnRH is once again released by the hypothalamus and the cycle begins anew.
corpus luteum progesterone secretory implantation degenerates menstrual flow negative feedback inhibition
Oral stimulation of the vulva is called:
cunnilingus
To prevent the Wolffian ducts from developing, Wolffian inhibiting hormone (WIH) is produced causing the Müllerian ducts to form.
false
Oral stimulation of the penis is called:
fellatio
The _____ are the hand-like structures at the end of the fallopian tubes.
fimbriae
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. Part of the menstrual cycle is also the ovarian and uterine cycles. Prior to ovulation, the first phase of the ovarian cycle is called follicular phase and refers to the egg when it is still in the ovary. In the uterus prior to ovulation, the first phase of the uterine cycle is called the proliferative phase and refers to the buildup of blood in the endometrial lining. Once ovulation takes place about 14 days before the onset of menstruation, the second phase of the ovarian cycle called luteal phase begins. This phase corresponds to the corpus luteum that is forming in the ovary after ovulation. The corpus luteum produces high levels of the hormone progesterone . In the uterus, after ovulation, the second phase of the uterine cycle begins, which is called the secretory phase. In this second phase, progesterone from the corpus luteum acts on the endometrial lining to become secretory in preparation for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg. If no implantation takes place, the endometrial lining s
follicular proliferative luteal progesterone secretory corpus luteum menstruation
Spermatogenesis results in...
four mature sperm, two androsperm (Y-bearing), and two synosperm (X-bearing)
Rev. Jerry Falwell expressed concern over the British TV show Teletubbies. He claimed that Tinky Winky embraced and promoted a ‚"gay lifestyle". However, after learning about sexual identity, it is clear that Rev. Falwell made assumptions about Tinky Winky's presumed sexual orientation based on stereotypical beliefs about his...
gender role
Read the paragraph below and copy/paste the keywords into the blank spaces to complete the sentences. Make sure that you copy/paste the keywords so that you do not get marked down for any spelling mistakes. Sexual identity is comprised of three components, gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation.
gender role gender identity sexual orientation
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. The hypothalamus secretes the hormone GnRH, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland, causing secretion of the two hormones FSH and LH. FSH acts on the ovary to begin the maturation of about 20 pre-mature ovarian follicles. As these follicles mature, they produce the hormone estrogen . This causes the proliferation of the endometrial lining of the uterus and a surge in LH levels just prior to ovulation , which lasts for about 12-48 hours each month.
hypothalamus pituitary ovary estrogen endometrial LH ovulation
The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte B cells provide:
immunity
According to Freud, women experienced two types of orgasms:
mature vaginal orgasms, and immature clitoral orgasms.
Ways of artificial insemination include the use of...
needless syringe B. turkey baster
Most people with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) will grow cysts that are formed on the:
ovaries
When a society exerts homophobic oppression and compulsory heterosexuality...
people who step out of the stereotypical expressions of male and female may experience social ostracization and forms of discrimination.
Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom during the 1800s. Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian Era. During this time sexuality was very...
repressed
The specific period during the 1960s and '70s in which attitudes towards sexual behavior became more tolerant and liberal in the United States was called the...
sexual revolution
From the film, Intersexion (2012), we learned about David Reimer. Dr. John Money was a key figure in Reimer's early life, and he believed that the most important aspect of someone's gender had to do with...
socialization
Perpetrators of sexual assault are most often...
someone who is known by the victim
Fill in the blanks by copying/pasting the terms from the keywords listed underneath the paragraph. It is important that you copy/paste the keywords because the blanks are case-sensitive. When the infant begins to suck on the nipple, the sucking acts as a stimulant triggering the hypothalamus to begin the production of GnRH . This causes the pituitary gland to release prolactin to initiate milk production, and oxytocin to trigger the expulsion of milk. Since oxytocin is also released during arousal it is not uncommon to experience feelings that remind of sexual pleasure when nursing.
sucking hypothalamus GnRH pituitary prolactin oxytocin arousal
Vaginal penetration may be uncomfortable or painful if the ________ has not yet occurred as this allows the vagina to widen and lengthen.
tenting effect
In someone with a genetic make-up of XY, the neurons of the hypothalamus of the brain are exposed to high levels of___________, which is converted into ___________ in the presence of the enzyme___________. The biological male pattern of sex hormone release is relativley constant or ___________, whereas the sex hormone release in someone with a genetic make-up of XX is ____________.
testosterone; estrogen (estradiol); aromatase; acyclic; cyclical
Puberty is triggered by the development of:
the adrenal gland
Oogenesis results in...
the formation of a single mature egg cell and three polar bodies
