WGST- Chapter 7 Vocab
male gaze
A concept created by Laura Mouvy in which looking viewing is from the perspective of a ideal heterosexual male viewer which can result in objectification of women. "men act women appear."
politics of respectability
A form of resistance to negative racial stereotypes that involves being "good" and following conservative norms of appearance and behavior
Ideal viewer
A specific imagined viewer, whos imagine pleasure an image is designed. Often (but not necessarily) white, male and heterosexual.
The Beauty idea
Cultural ideal of beauty that changes in relation to political, economic,and social conditions.
Fat
Fat Activists and fat studies. Determined that being fat is okay as long as you're healthy.
The Broad-Shouldered Man
Ideal male body of the 1930's,1940's, and 1950's. Men were tall, well built, with broad shoulders and a strong jaw and wore suits. (Antonio Moreno)
Aesthetics
Ideas about what is beautiful or tasteful.These are shaped by culture.
Colorism
Ideology of differential treatment based on skintone that generally values lighter war skins and complexions.
Sexy Lamp Test
It is an experiment that is designed to gauge how relevant a female character is to the plot of a work, in a bid to highlight poor representation and flawed characterisation of women in media. If a female could be replaced by a lamp and story not change the film fails.
DuVernay Test
It measures whether a film portrays "fully realized" African-Americans and other minorities who have their own plotlines, motivations, desires, and actions that are not informed by white characters.
The Peacock
Men wear bold colors and prints, suits were slim and unisex fashion. less conservative and restrictive.
Hypermuscular Ideal
Return of broad shouldered man in suits and branded clothing as well as proving masculinity, violence. and nationalism. hypermasculinity and leanness.
Voyeurism
Sexual pleasure takes place from looking or objectifying bodies.
Bechdel/Bechdel-Wallace Test
The Bechdel Test is a measure of female representation in film and television that uses three criteria for evaluating the presence and visibility of strong female characterizations. This test asks three question. 1. does film have at least 2 women with names on it. 2. do they talk to each other. 3. do they talk to each other about anything other than a man.
Twiggy
The first prominent teenage model. She was known for her androgynous looks, large eyes, long eyelashes, and thin build.
Fragmentation
The reduction of a person to a particular body part.
embodiment
The way in which our bodies are and interact with the world to create social meaning.
Vito Russo Test
To analyze how LGBTQ characters are included within a film. 1. Is there an identifiable gay, bisexual, trans character 2. Who is not solely defined by sexual/gender orientation 3. Is significant to plot that if removed would impact plot
Exoticize
To view as exotic, foreign or unusual in an interesting way. Women outside the racial norm are often exoticized in sexual ways.
Commodification
Turning something or someone into a object that can be bought sold or traded.
The Waif
Visibility for gay people. Models needed to look extremely thin but more athletic and curvy. Increased skinny models and actors with anorexia.
The metrosexual
a straight, urban male who is keenly interested in fashion, home design, gourmet cooking, and personal care
Great masculine renunciation
an expression coined in the 1930s to describe the shift in menswear from expressive flamboyant clothing to somber tailored suiting
objectification
the seeing and/or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object by separating sexual body parts or function from the rest of the person thus reducing her to an object for sexual gratification.
Health at Every Size (HAES)
• Shift to health promotion vs. weight management • Weight loss is not the goal • Encourages body acceptance as opposed to weight loss or weight maintenance • Supports "Intuitive Eating" • Supports Active Living vs. Structured Exercise