WHAP Unit 2 Test
The illustration would be most useful to a historian studying which of the following? A - Transportation and maritime technologies B - Large-scale trading organizations C - Geographic patterns of currents and winds in the Indian ocean D - The expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate
A
The map above indicates that A - Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade B - slavery existed in the western Sudan C - Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa D - Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East E - Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold
A
The establishment of the Mongol Empire directly facilitated which of the following? A - Increased cultural and technological exchange between the Islamic world and China B - The development of Mongolian as the primary written language of administration across most of Eurasia C - The spread of Persian culture into Central Asia D - Improved ship designs and navigation techniques for oceanic commerce
A
"I am a griot ... we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. ... I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past." An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E. The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes? A - To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past B - To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties C - To highlight the griot's unique abilities as compared to other griots D- To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving on the past
A
Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade? A - It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes. B - It led to the disappearance of previously established trade networks. C- It led to an expansion of land-based caravan trade but also to a decline of maritime trade. D- It led to the first creation of trade links between previously isolated world regions.
A
Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the A - unifying influence of Islam B - excellent condition of roads in Africa and Asia C - political unity of Africa and Asia D - widespread use of paper money
A
Malian emperor mansa musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following? A - The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia B - The development of new transportation technologies C - The diffusion of African culture to the Middle East D - The territorial expansion of West African empire
A
A historian researching the timeline of the spread of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa would find which of the following sources most useful? A - Bantu-language oral histories transmitted through generations B - Archaeological evidence of early forges and smelting operations C - European travelers' accounts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries describing African industrial practices D - North African Muslim merchants' account books detailing purchases of iron tools
B
Based on the content of the inscription, Adityawarman's Malayapura kingdom most likely participated in the communication and exchange networks of the A - Swahili city-states and the Arabian Peninsula B - maritime eastern Indian Ocean trade C - overland Silk Roads D - islands of Polynesia
B
Historians who argue that there was substantial global integration by the end of the thirteenth century would most likely cite which of the following as evidence to support their claims? A - The political unification of large territories under imperial rule in the Mediterranean and East Asia B - The widening and deepening of exchange networks linking Afro-Eurasia after the Mongol conquests C - The spread of global capitalism from Europe to Africa and Southeast Asia D - The creation of a new Atlantic trade system based on plantation economies in the Caribbean and the Americas
B
In the fourteenth century, merchants from China, Arabia, Persia, and Egypt were drawn to Calicut, India, primarily to purchase A - iron B - pepper C - sugar D - ivory E - tobacco
B
The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments? A - The spread of the bubonic plague following the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads weakened the Mongol Empire demographically and militarily. B - Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long- lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war. C - Rebellions in China overthrew Mongol rule there and led to the reestablishment of Han Chinese rule under the Ming dynasty. D - The attempts of Mongol rulers to force their subjects to convert to Islam led to widespread rebellions in Central and East Asia
B
The development of Indian Ocean trade routes in the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. and the development of transatlantic trade routes in the period 1450 C.E. to 1600 C.E. were similar in that both depended on A - the impetus of missionizing religions B - understanding of currents and wind patterns C - the political consolidation of newly conquered regions into empires D - innovations in ship design that originated in Europe
B
The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia? A - Military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots B - Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero C - Irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes D - Textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jenny
B
The inclusion of the caravan in the painting's background could best be used as evidence that Yuan rulers A - favored some commercial trading organizations over others B - portrayed themselves as promoters of commerce C - shifted the trade in luxury goods from overland to the maritime trade routes D - restricted trade between nomadic and sedentary societies
B
The map above shows what significant economic developments? A - Trade connections that linked the Hellenistic and Mauryan empires to African cities from 300 through 150 B.C.E. B - Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E. C - Chinese dominance of Indian Ocean trading networks because of the voyages of Zheng He in the 1400s C.E. D - Changes in Indian Ocean trading networks that resulted from technological innovations from 1450 C.E. through 1750 C.E.
B
The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent? A - The empire of Alexander the Great B - The Mongol Empire C - The Russian Empire D - The Byzantine Empire E - The Ottoman Empire
B
The thirteenth-century map of Constantinople shown above indicates that the city A - was located on an island B - was highly fortified against outside attacks C - tolerated many religions D - looked down on trade and commerce E - valued and rewarded people of all classes
B
Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade? A - The Silk Road trade declined because the Mongol merchants preferred to use maritime long- distance trade networks instead. B - The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially. C - The Silk Road trade was not affected by the Mongol conquests because the tribal and nomadic nature of Mongol society meant that Mongol demand for luxury goods was virtually nonexistent. D - The Silk Road trade collapsed following the Mongol conquests because most trading cities along the Silk Roads were destroyed and never recovered.
B
A historian researching the effects of the Crusades on the diffusion of technology would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A - European crusaders' accounts of Islamic religious practices B - Muslim accounts of European royal marriages C - Monks' translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories D - Birth records from villages along the routes used by the Crusaders
C
Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following could be best inferred about the South and East Asian trading cities on the map? A - They were under the direct political control of Oman. B - They had a majority Arab population. C - They had Muslim diasporic merchant communities. D - They were primarily sources of slave labor for the Omanis.
C
Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy? A - Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa. B - The Mali—Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. C- Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe. D - The Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance trade.
C
Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following? A - The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean B - North Africa and western Europe C - East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea D - The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
C
During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, territories under Mongol control benefited from which of the following? A - Widespread adoption of Confucian family hierarchies B - Trade that facilitated the spread of Christianity throughout the Indian Ocean region C - Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together D - Widespread adoption of Buddhist religious practices
C
Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ? A - Expanding trade facilitated increased tolerance of the traditions of other religious groups. B - Cultural exchange emerged from competition among maritime empires. C - Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions. D - Cultural exchange emerged from new patterns of regional commerce.
C
Marco Polo described which of the following at Kublai Khan's court that he had not encountered in Europe? A - The use of spies in foreign nations B - The interest of the Khan in the international sea trade and European shipbuilding techniques C - The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathing D -The attachment of the Khan to the use of horses for military purposes E - The austerity of the design of the Khan's palace
C
The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by A - opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia B - increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions C - decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans D - discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads
C
The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia? A - The spread of feudalism to western Europe, as the Mongol conquests greatly weakened centralized monarchies B - The expansion of the Mali Empire in West Africa, as the Mongol conquests destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate C - The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China D - The adoption of Islamic systems of rule by Turkic states in the Middle East, such as the Seljuq Empire
C
The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following? A - Spread of Hinduism B - Spread of Christianity C - Extent of trade routes D - Seasonal migrations of nomads
C
The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade? A - Monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast. B - Europeans were active in bringing goods from West Africa to the Indian Ocean. C - Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China. D - The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk. E - Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese.
C
Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300? A - The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in China and the Middle East but rose in India. B - The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined more substantially in India than it did in the Middle East and China. C - The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. D - The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased in every region except China.
C
In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common? A - They generally imposed their own languages on the local communities. B - They generally became military outposts that facilitated the expansion of empires. C - They generally lost touch with their homelands and merged with the local population. D - They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.
D
"The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims." Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007 "Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church ... [T]he Templars, ... who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it." Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138 The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage A - shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states B - shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in the Crusader states C - minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in the administration of the Crusader states D - presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
D
A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 C.E. was the transfer of knowledge of A - iron and copper mining techniques B - the flying shuttle and spinning jenny C - the science of optics and lens design D - numerals and the decimal system E - gunpowder and cannons
D
Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a A - Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profits should be given greater consideration than religious purity B - Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence C - Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion D - Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
D
The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to A - glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia B - warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean C - encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce D - inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
D
What they [the Franks] learned from the Arabs wasindispensible in their subsequent expansion. The heritage of Greek civilization was transmitted through Arab intermediaries. In medicine, astronomy, chemistry, geography, mathematics, and architecture, the [Franks] drew their knowledge from Arabic books, which they assimilated, imitated, and then surpassed. . . . In the realm of industry, the Europeans first learned and then improved upon the processes used by the Arabs in papermaking, leather-working, textiles, and the distillation of alcohol and sugar." Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, 1984 The passage above best illustrates which of the following? A - Muslims' examination of their own cultural and economic decline after the Crusades B - The debt the Arab world owed Europe for preserving Arab scientific knowledge and cultural history C - The reason European industrial expertise far surpassed that of the Arab world D - The effects of interregional contact on the development of European culture and technology
D