What is General Semantics?

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When we give meaning, we start with what type of assumptions?

assumptions from our semantic environment

What is the difference between denotative vs. connotative?

denotative = "outside" connotative = "inside"

Concerning words and meaning, the same thing can be named by what?

different words

Define sign.

everything which can be taken as significantly substituting for something else ; anything that can be made to stand for something else

What is this class about in 3 words?

language and meaning

Explain the first type of semantic awareness.

meaning is not in words, meaning is in people

Explain pragmatism.

meaning of words is in their practical effects on human behavior

Concerning words and meaning, the word we uses influences what 2 things? Give an example.

perceptions // attitudes EX: dandelion = garden flower or weed?

Where does semantics come from in the Greek?

sema ; meaning sign ; semantikos ; significant meaning

Semantics is the study of _____ and what they _____.

signs // signify

Semantics is the study of the laws and conditions under which what?

signs and symbols may be said to be meaningful

Define symbol.

the basic unit of all human behavior and civilization

Who is Alfred Korzybski?

the founder of general semantics

Define semiotics.

theory of signs ; study of patterned communication systems

Explain how the photographic effect of language produces "blurring".

there are obscure differences when we use the same word and it can lead to stereotyping and oversimplification

Define semantic environment.

way to gain knowledge from a past

Explain the second type of semantic awareness.

words are not what they refer to ; the word is not the thing

Explain the fifth type of semantic awareness.

words tend to "fix" meaning

Explain the third type of semantic awareness.

words vary in the degree to which they correspond to verifiable referents (referent = actual thing) ; there are varying levels of abstraction (abstract vs. concrete)

Explain the fourth type of semantic awareness.

"direction of meaning" shifts from "outside" to inside" (of us)

What are the 3 components of Hermeneutics?

1) bring forth the meaning of "reading" text ; like biblical interpretation 2) meaning requires interpretation 3) meaning is not defined by the author

When we encounter a situation/object, what 2 things do we try to do?

1) give it meaning 2) match the sense data to patterns from our past

What are 3 other things this class looks into?

1) language and symbols 2) how symbols are the basis of communication 3) how we create meaning

What are the 3 philosophical - critical roots of general semantics?

1) logical positivism 2) pragmatism 3) hermeneutics

Explain the 2 components of the Symbolic Interactionism Theory from the semantic perspective.

1) meaning is not inherent in nature or in an object 2) meaning is varied

Remember the principle of how words are only symbols with no meanings by what 2 components?

1) meanings must be agreed upon 2) meanings are ever-changing

Remember the principle of how a label (word) is a judgment by what 2 components?

1) much language is intended to direct/control the reader's attributes and beliefs 2) words embody opinions about the things they name

What 2 components make up logical positivism?

1) reject referential meaning theory 2) belief that meaning is created by language use

Semantics is a branch of linguistics concerned with what 3 things?

1) symbols and meanings 2) their relationships 3) how people respond to them

What are the 3 branches of semiotics?

1) syntactics (grammar) 2) pragmatics (purpose/effects of language use) 3) semantics (meaning)

What 2 things did Alfred Korzybski develop?

1) the relationship between LANGUAGE, THOUGHT, and BEHAVIOR ; language habits influence our thinking and our behavior 2) awareness of this relationship = "SEMANTIC AWARENESS"

Remember the principle of how a word is only a label by what 2 components?

1) the word is not the thing 2) the word does not restrict the thing

Explain the 2 components of the Coordinated Management of Meaning theory from the semantic perspective.

1) we construct our reality by coordinating meanings with others through interaction or communication 2) persons in conversation co-construct their own social realities and are simultaneously shaped by the words they create as a social construction of reality

What are the 2 reasons why our knowledge of the past affects our present acquisition of knowledge?

1) we focus on different sense data 2) this can lead to distortion

Semantics is the study of the relations between what 2 things?

1) words and things 2) language, thought, & behavior

Remember the principle of how discourse takes place in a context of meaning and connotations by what component and includes what 3 things?

COMPONENT cannot understand the meaning without the context INCLUDES 1) context of what is said before and after 2) context of the whole verbal geography 3) non-verbal


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