Which of the following statements about the resting potential is true?
Which of the following is caused by the death of neurons in the brain that release dopamine?
Parkinson's disease
Which would be present in an animal with a nerve net?
Radial symmetry
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the evolution of the vertebrate brain?
Birds and mammals have evolved a proportionally larger forebrain than have other vertebrate groups.
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of sleep?
Humans cannot live without sleep.
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of biological clocks?
In an unchanging environment, there is little variation in the periodicity of the human biological clock.
In humans, the frontal lobe of the brain handles functions associated with ____________.
decision making
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) works by ____________.
detecting changes in local oxygen concentrations
The limbic system is involved in __________.
emotion and memory
Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder ____________.
experience periods of increased energy, overtalkativeness, and increased risk taking
In humans, the part of the brain that increases in size and complexity most significantly during the second and third month of embryonic development is derived from the embryonic __________.
forebrain
A cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system is referred to as a __________.
ganglion
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia, addiction, and Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
The amygdala serves what role in the brain of vertebrates?
Processing emotional memories
Which of the following is an action brought about by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Relaxation of lung bronchi
The glia present throughout the vertebrate brain or spinal cord that surround axons and speed up electrical signals are called __________.
oligodendrocytes
The corpus callosum connects the __________.
right and left cerebral hemispheres
Taking illegal amphetamines ("speed") can induce symptoms similar to __________.
schizophrenia
The developing embryonic brain is shaped by __________.
the selective elimination in neurons and synapses
Long-term potentiation (LTP) involves lasting changes in ____________.
the strength of signal transmission across synapses
Which of the following is a component of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)?
All of the listed responses are correct.
What glial cells contribute most to the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Which of the following contributes to learning and memory storage in the brain?
Excitatory neurotransmitters released from presynaptic neurons into synapses
A physician friend of yours tells you about a patient with a head injury who suddenly stopped breathing during the examination. What portion of the brain was probably injured?
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of animal cognition?
Some birds can understand abstract concepts such as numbers.
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are similar in that both ____________.
become more common with age
Gray matter of the nervous system differs from white matter in that ____________.
gray matter is primarily made up of neuron cell bodies, whereas white matter consists mainly of bundled axons
One of the functions of the __________ is monitoring breathing centers in the medulla.
pons
An increase in the size of the hindbrain of vertebrates has been associated with an increased ability in ____________.
rapid, complex movement
The pathway that a nervous signal travels in completing a typical vertebrate reflex is ____________.
sensors; sensory neurons; interneurons of the spinal cord; motor neuron
A neuron that transmits an impulse to the central nervous system after the neuron is stimulated by the environment is called a(n) __________.
sensory neuron
