Why So Much Diversity

On a phylogenetic tree, the _____ represents the most recent common ancestor shared by all of the organisms depicted in the tree. branch node leg root leaves

Root

Why do ferns not grow as tall as gymnosperms and angiosperms? Ferns lose water from vascular tissue easily, so plant height is limited by water availability and retention. Ferns require water to undergo a complete life cycle and could not secure sufficient water as a taller plant. Water is not efficiently transported or distributed throughout ferns to support taller growth. The cell walls of fern vascular tissue are not sufficiently rigid to support the growth of taller ferns. Ferns would be less likely to successfully reproduce because sperm would have a greater distance to swim to the egg.

The cell walls of fern vascular tissue are not sufficiently rigid to support the growth of taller ferns.

A phylogenetic tree represents a grouping of organisms on the basis of shared structural features. a grouping of organisms on the basis of cell type. a grouping of organisms on the basis of complexity. a grouping of organisms on the basis of evolutionary history. a grouping of organisms on the basis of where they are found.

a grouping of organisms on the basis of evolutionary history.

When examining archaea, which of the following is not a trait that you could expect to find? ability to grow at high temperatures a nucleus ability to grow at extremely acidic pH a cell wall ability to survive in a high-salt environment

a nucleus

Which would not be a member of the domain Eukarya? a fish a mushroom a slime mold a proteobacteria a rose

a proteobacteria

Prokaryotes lack which of these organelles? nucleus mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum Golgi bodies all of these

all of these

Which of these is the most important characteristic used to classify organisms as eukaryotes? membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles cell walls symmetry vascular system type of reproduction

membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

An animal with a rigid backbone would belong to which phylum? genus mammalian primates species chordate

chordate

Which of these describes bacteria that are considered harmful to humans due to the toxins they can create? heterotrophs halophiles autotrophs pathogens none of these

pathogens

Organisms are placed into one or another of the three domains of life on the basis of cell type. physical appearance. evolutionary history as assessed by genetic relatedness. ability to cause disease. degree of sophistication, that is, how evolutionarily advanced they are.

evolutionary history as assessed by genetic relatedness.

What term describes an organism that can live in boiling water? halophile thermogenic methanogenic extremophile

extremophile

According to scientists, how many species exist on Earth today? 5 to 30 million 1.8 million 30 billion 5 to 30 billion 10,000

5 to 30 million

Select the statement that correctly describes the evolutionary relationships among the domains of life. Archaea and Bacteria do not share a common ancestor with Eukarya. The genetic distances among Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are about the same. Archaea and Bacteria are more closely related than Archaea and Eukarya. Archaea and Eukarya do not share a common ancestor with Bacteria. Archaea and Eukarya are more genetically similar than Archaea and Bacteria.

Archaea and Eukarya are more genetically similar than Archaea and Bacteria.

Humans belong to the domain Eukarya; therefore, humans are more closely related to _____ than _____. Extremia; Archaea Archaea; Extremia Bacteria; Archaea Archaea; Bacteria Humans aren't more closely related to any one of these than to any one of the other.

Archaea; Bacteria

What phylogenetic evidence supports the conclusion that crocodiles are more closely related to birds than lizards? Crocodiles and birds share a more recent common ancestor than crocodiles and lizards. Crocodiles, birds, and lizards have the same, most-recent common ancestor. Birds and lizards share a more recent common ancestor than birds and crocodiles. Birds and crocodiles do not share a common ancestor with lizards. Lizards and crocodiles share a more recent common ancestor than lizards and birds.

Crocodiles and birds share a more recent common ancestor than crocodiles and lizards.

Why is the Archaea domain closer to Eukarya than Bacteria? They both lack a nucleus and contain cytoplasm. The unique functional adaptations of Archaea are more similar to Eukarya adaptations. They both evolved in the same geological time period. Genetically, the Archaea are more similar to Eukarya than Bacteria. They both have membrane-bound organelles. Archaea is not closer to Eukarya because it contains prokaryotic cells just like Bacteria.

Genetically, the Archaea are more similar to Eukarya than Bacteria.

Which of the following is not a domain of life? Animalia Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Plantae Neither Animalia nor Plantae is a domain of life.

Neither Animalia nor Plantae is a domain of life.

Which statement is false? All organisms belong to one of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Once an organism is classified, the classification cannot change. DNA evidence can be used to classify organisms. Humans belong to the domain Eukarya. Prokaryotes can be found in both the Archaea and Bacteria domains.

Once an organism is classified, the classification cannot change.

What characteristic do the plant-like protists share? They have cells specialized for various tasks. They develop seeds when reproducing. They produce roots, stems, and leaves. They are able to photosynthesize. They are unable to move from place to place.

They are able to photosynthesize.

Which statement is true about all animals? They are all multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs. They all have an endoskeleton and bilateral symmetry. They are all single-celled species that can make their own food. They all have segmented body parts. none of these

They are all multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs.

What feature do all members of Eukarya share? They have a cell wall. They can move. They live on land. They have a nucleus. They live in extreme environments.

They have a nucleus.

How is digestion in yeasts, molds, and mushrooms similar? They draw food matter into vascular channels to travel to storage pockets where chemical digestion takes place. They have a mouth-like opening where food is taken in and transported to an organelle with digestive enzymes. They have specialized cells that secrete acid onto food matter, digesting it into a thin solution for absorption. They release digestive enzymes from specialized cells onto food sources and then absorb the nutrients. They have specialized cells that engulf food particles that are then transported to digestive cells to be broken down.

They release digestive enzymes from specialized cells onto food sources and then absorb the nutrients.

What is the order of taxonomic classification from most general to most specific? genus, species, order, family, class, phylum, kingdom, domain kingdom, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, domain, kingdom domain, kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species