Women in american History

Gloria Steinem

A graduate of Smith college, an activist for women's rights and founder of Ms. magazine. She became a leading political leader of the decade, and one of the most important heads of the second-wave of the women's rights movement.was an influential leader of NOW.She defended the ERA by minimizing the biological differences between men & women. She urged all women to fight the "outdated myth"(women are biologically inferior to man) that enforced both race and gender inequality.

Alice Paul

Advocated for Suffrage. She formed the NWP in 1916 and organized the picketing of the White House during WWI. Her very public tactics push the president to shift his position and support suffrage. She popularized the more radical strategy & tactics of the British suffrage movement. She introduced the ERA amendment in 1923. She campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority.

ERA

Equal Rights Amendment introduced by Alice Paul and NWP in 1923. Which states that "men and women shall have equal rights throughout the U.S. and every place subject to its jurisdiction. It died without passage in the 1950s. In 1972 it was reintroduced and passed both the House and Senate. In 1982 it fell short of ratification with the South denying passage. The ERA has never been passed.

NOW

Formed in 1966 by a network of 28 women attending the 3rd Annual Conference of Commissions on the Status of Women. This advocacy organization focused(s) on pay equity professional inequality and educational discrimination and women's right to contraception and abortion.National Organization of Women,wanted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforce its legal mandate to end sex discrimination

NWP

The National Women's Party was founded by Alice Paul in 1916. She focused on bringing in working class women and radicalized the movement by supporting picketing and a broader array of women's rights issues. The NWP introduced the ERA in 1923.

Jane Addams

The founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes, 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.ounded Hull House Settlement House in Chicago in 1889 with Ellen Starr after visiting settlement houses in London. Addams is considered the Mother of American Social Work. Many women who lived and worked in Hull House went on to gain appointments to federal positions. Jane Addams was a leading Progressive Era reformer who advocated for safer conditions, better pay and education for laboring classes, she opposed child labor, advocated for compulsory education and protective labor legislation for women. She was a suffragist and was vice-president of the National American Women Suffrage Association. She opposed US involvement in WWI

Roe v. Wade

U.S. Supreme court decision upheld the right of women to obtain medically safe abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy. To feminist the right of abortion were essential to women's freedom.

Harriet Tubman

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)Slave woman of Maryland who escaped and returned numerous times to bring her family and 300+ other people to the North

Carrie Chapman Catt

Was a President of NAWSA . Moved NAWSA to new activism in 1916 by mimicking Alice Paul's marches and adopting street speaking and brings in working class women alongside elite women and traditional lecture routes, petitioning and lobbying of Congress. Grows membership and gathers more press. Was opposed to Alice Paul's picketing of White House.who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration; believed that women deserved suffrage because they are the mothers of the children of the future, not because they are equal to men. She hosted suffrage days like, pick-nicks, plays, dances, shows, invited blue collar workers, through these events she got 60 thousand new members of NAWSA.

Beauty Myth

Was written by a young feminist Naomi Wolf. It continued the second wave of feminist them of how unrealistic standards of beauty control major aspects of women's lives. Protested Miss America beauty pageants and advocated that women abandon fashion slavery and dependence on cosmetics. Wolf argued that a cult of ultra thinness and desire to be forever young dominated women's lives.

Frances Perkins

was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition

Flapper

women in the 1920's who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and defied the morals and restrictions of the earlier generations

Betty Friedan

wrote the feminine mystique - said that women had a pressure to live up to traditional roles of living through their husbands and kids and couldn't have an identity of their own. Becomes an activist for women, husband didn't like it, they later got divorced, has a problem with lesbians. Helps found the National organization for women and becomes 1st president. -Most important person in launching modern women's movement