World AP Final Real

58. What natural rights did the philosophes believe an enlightened ruler should establish and preserve for people?

1. equality before the law 2. freedom of religion, speech, and press 3. rights to assemble, hold property, and pursue happiness

70. Why might Enlightenment ideas have led to conflict among the French social classes?

3rd estates wanted more rights and felt they were treated unfairly by the 1st and 2nd estates go

79. What was the idea behind the "balance of power" concept in European diplomacy?

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80. What happened to revolutionary ideas after the French Revolution was over?

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26. What does Baldassare Castiglione

? read shit on exam

39. Who conquered and unified India?

Akbar

40. What led to the decline of the Mogul Empire?

British establish coastal trading forts, British-French rivalry, and British movement inland (Europeans caused problems)

18. Of the four kings who appear in this timeline, which do you think was most responsible for the downfall of the monarchy?

Charles 1 (21 on test)

15. What role did tensions in Europe play in increasing fear of witchcraft?

Europeans believed god was punishing them at the moment and they just thought that the sinners in their countries were the problem so they were super afraid of the "witches" or sinners who went against god and were the problem

19. How did John Locke's thinking differ from that of Hobbes?

Hobbes wanted absolute ruler, locke wanted freedom and no absolute ruler

45. What social changes occurred during the Tokugawa Era?

Japan began a withdrawal from the outside world that lasts over 2 centuries

What economic theories were put into practice during the age of Exploration?

Mercantilist theories focus on supple of gold

35. In 1453, this conqueror attacked Constantinople with 80, thousand troops

Sultan Mehmed 2 (the conqueror)

How did the Dutch and the English come to surpass Spain and Portugal in trade?

The dutch reached india in 1595 and established the east india company as a trading monopoly, made trade with india, better sea travel

Why did the Dutch, French, and English begin to challenge Portuguese and Spanish control in the Americas?

They were hoping to find gold and other precious goods, established many trading companies

67. How is a revolution different from a war?

a revolution is just an uprising within a country against an organization or usually rulers, a war is when 2 or more countries fight each other on a larger scale

72. How did the French Revolution enter a new phase after the storming of the Bastille?

a, devastating revolt that involved whole community

31. How did humanism influence the works of Renaissance artists and authors?

all the works were concentrated on the human body and the beauty of it

61. What were the influences to the American Revolution?

america was seeing the enlightenment ideals in europe and decided they liked them and wanted freedom from britain to gain these rights

59. What was the "seven Years War"?

austrian emperor charles 6 dies and a woman takes his throne which causes confusion and then Prussia takes advantage of this confusion and invades

74. How did the new French government deal with crises?

b, reign of terror executions

12. Why was Philip II called "the Most Catholic King"?

because he thought spain was chosen by god to protect christianity from the protestants and he enforced super christian rule

36. How did the Ottomans conquered Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire?

built a strong military, huge cannons, controlled the Bosporous and Dardanelles straits, and attacked the 7,000 Constantinople troops with 80,000

How did the nature of European exploration change by the seventeenth century?

c on exam, they expanded trade to india

71. At the start of the general assemblies meeting, what was the goal of most representatives from the Third Estate?

c, constitutional monarchy

37. What started the decline to the Ottoman and Safavid empires?

changes in government, impact of western ideas and customs, and economic problems

78. How did Napoleon lose his empire?

conquered to much and that he could not control financially and then he tried to take over russia

How did European expansion affect Africa and the slave trade?

d on exam, all of the above

28. How did humanism help define the Italian Renaissance?

d, all of above

73. Why did the French Revolution become more radical?

d, all of the above

16. How did the Thirty Years' War become political?

denmark, sweden, france, and spain became involved

27. How was society characterized during the Renaissance?

downplayed religion and focused a ton on education and art

14. How was Europe affected by social and economic crises in the seventeenth century?

economic slowdown was occuring, population decline due to war famine and plague, witchcraft hysteria

17. What is the Peace of Westphalia?

ended the 30 years war (sweden, france, and allies got terriotory while the holy roman empire was dissolved into independent states)

47. How did the arrival of Europeans affect Southeast Asia beginning in the sixteenth century?

european countries mainly affected the islands of japan by conquering cities and opening the spice trade with them so that europe could get these valuable spices

24. What is Machiavelli advises regarding normal ideas such as honesty, trust, and faithfulness?

excerpt on test

25. How do the ideas expressed by Machiavelli in The Prince emphasize the individual?

excerpt on test

43. What changes took place in Japan after its political unification?

extreme isolation, 300 yrs of peace w feudal system...trade hampered obvi

51. How did Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo improve our understanding of the universe?

for years people believed in a geocentric model of the universe but these men discovered that the universe was really heliocentric with the planets revolving around the sun

46. What characterized Korea's culture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

foreign invasions from japan and china caused korea to pursue an isolation from others for 300 years

75. How did the constant transition within the French government influence its effectiveness?

gov became really unstable

How were Spain and Portugal able to take the lead in discovering new lands?

guns, better ships, better navigational tools, and were sponsored by their country

30. Why do you think the invention of the printing press was so significant?

it allowed books to be printed rapidly and made books affordable so more people could become educated which was a main focus

52. How did the Scientific Revolution change people's worldview?

it changed their understanding of the world and the planets due to people like Galileo

How does the "Age of Exploration" transform the world?

it creates the first, global economic system

44. How does Japan's geography affect the politically and socially?

its an island and already isolated so it made it easier to switch to isolation for 300 yrs

69. How did the economic crises lead to the meeting of the Estates-General?

king met with estates separately and eventually decided to tax more to keep the 1 and 2 estates content

66. In what ways does the Bill of Rights embody Enlightenment ideas?

many of the points in the bill of rights were derived from the natural rights of enlightenment thinkers

23. What are the five major Italian regions?

milan, rome, naples, florence, and venice

77. Why would changes in France cause concern in other European countries?

napolean started making a strong military and building up france so other countries feared them

32.What one word might describe the style of many Italian artists of the Renaissance?

nature or human body

60. What was the turning point in the "7 Years War" in Europe?

original alliances all switch and countries like Britain and France leave war for american revolution and french revolution

34. What kind of people did humanists hope to create with the schools they established?

pefect, well-rounded intellectual beings (the perfect citizen)

55. How did the belief in logic and reason promote the beginnings of the social sciences?

people used logic and reason to explain the inside body so they thought they could use that to explain social sciences too

76. How did instability in the French government create an opportunity for Napoleon to take power?

people were willing to help him overthrow the directory and then vote him in

63. Which phrases reflect John Locke's philosophy?

primary source

64. What was Jefferson's purpose in the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence?

primary source

Why do you think people of the "non-Christian world" objected to the Treaty of Tordesillas?

primary source

41. What were the MAJOR achievements of the Ming dynasty?

renovating the great canal

21. Why might the culture of ancient Rome have been of special interest to people in Renaissance Italy?

roman literature helped form the humanist movement

38. What caused the political and social dilemmas for the Safavid Empires?

ruler wanted everyone conquered to convert to shia muslims, but most people they conquered were sunni muslims ; good ruler died

33. How did the works of northern European artists differ from those of Italian artists?

smaller paintings and they did oil paintings

56. How did Enlightenment ideas influence society and culture?

society now wanted more rights, they were thinking for themselves finally and wanted freedoms

65. What were the effects of the American Revolution?

sparked other revolutions throughout europe

48. Why did Europeans want to control the spice trade in Southeast Asia?

spices were valuable in europe as flavorings and preservatives for food and also medicines

57. How were European rulers guided by Enlightenment thought?

strengthening the state took priority over enlightenment reforms for most European leaders

49. What developments were the foundation of the Scientific Revolution?

technological inventions and developments in mathematics formed the foundation for the scientific revolution

68. How did the structure of social classes in France lead to discontent?

the 1st and 2nd estate along with the monarchy taxed the 3 estate repeatedly

What were the results of Spanish and Portuguese conquests in the Americas?

the answer is all of the above on the exam

42. How did the changing economy affect society during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

the chinese started to limit trade which caused economics to decrease because innovations stagnated

20. What is absolutism?

the idea that rulers were appointed by god to rule and their was only one absolute way of ruling

54. What did Enlightenment thinkers hope to achieve by using Newton's scientific methods?

the meaning of life and understanding life

50. What role did scientific breakthroughs play during the Scientific Revolution?

they explained the processes and hows of life

53. What role did philosophes play in the Enlightenment?

they hoped to use the scientific method to understand life

29. How was education during the Renaissance shaped by humanism?

they made education to shape the perfect well rounded citizen which was the goal of humanists which focused on humans

How did the Columbian Exchange affect the Americas and Europe?

they traded livestock and plants

22. What contributed to the rise of the Italian states during the Renaissance?

they were a republic, urban, hub of ideas, and flourished in trade with china and india

13. What fueled the French civil wars of the sixteenth century?

vast majority of population was catholic, but half of the nobles were protestant Huguenots that were against catholics

11. What roles did Spain play in religious conflicts?

very active role; they believed they were chosen by God to fight against the Protestants etc

62. What was the relationship between Parliament and the government of the British colonies in North America?

was not good because parliament was taxing them without representation