World Civ Final

Marshal Plan (1948)

$12 billion to rebuild western Europe and help defence Marsh=Rebuild West

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

The nonalignment movement remained weak because

- many nonaligned states needed and accepted aid from either the United States or Soviet Union.

The Marshall Plan was

A U.S. financial plan to rebuild Europe and stop Soviet expansion

The German Blitzkrieg referred to

A lightning war

Winston Churchill

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Prime minister

Nelson Mandela

ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

At the Munich Conference, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain took a hard line with Hitler, threatening military retaliation for any further aggression

Agreed that Hitler could keep lands already taken in exchange for a pledge to end German expansion

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included

All of these answers are correct

Immediate provocation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was

An American-led oil embargo against Japan

In the years after World War I, the idea of progress

Appeared naïve and was roundly criticized.

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars against the Zionist state, remained a symbol of independence and pride, returned to socialism, nationalized banks and businesses, limited economic policies

In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman empire faced insurrection from the

Arabs

In 1938, Germany sent troops into what country and forced its leaders to accept the Anschluss?

Austria

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945).

Joseph Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

At the Paris Peace Conference

Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power.

The Berlin blockade clearly demonstrated that

Britain and the United States would not be intimidated into abandoning Berlin.

1. How was China able to avoid economic devastation linked to the Great Depression? And what challenges did China's fledgling government still face in its struggle for national sovereignty? (818-19)

China's large economy and small industrial sector were connected only marginally to the world economy. Foreign trade in such items as tea and silk, which did decline, made up only a small part of China's economy, which was otherwise dominated by its large domestic markets. Overwhelming insulated and agricultural and is a peasant economy. It had to confront three major problems during the 1930's 1. The Nationalist actually controlled only part of China leaving the remainder of the country in the hands of warlords. 2. By the early 1930's communist revolution vs the Nationalist was still a major threat. 3. The Guomindang faced increasing Japanese aggression. Japanese were trying to establish an empire for China.

Women in the United States and Britain performed all the following wartime activities EXCEPT

Direct Combat

1. Describe and give examples of US "dollar diplomacy" in Latin America.

Dollar diplomacy where our country throws money financial loans to help expand its international influence. They United States funded the Panama Canal. Federal and private venture.

The notion that space and time are relative to the person measuring them was first articulated in

Einstein's theory of general relativity

John Maynard Keynes

English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)

Charles Darwin

English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory of evolution.

Between 2005 and 2050, population is expected to continue growing in all of the following world regions EXCEPT

Europe

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War?

Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions.

Werner Heisenberg

First discussed the uncertainty principle

Who among the following was noted for his "Good Neighbor Policy

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Satyagraha was

Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance

Operation Barbarossa in 1941 was code for the

German invasion of the Soviet Union

The key factor in the decision of the U.S. to enter World War I was

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of modern global consumption?

Global consumption is entirely one way: the tastes of the United States are imposed on the rest of the world.

By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following EXCEPT

Ireland

1. What factors were in place following WWI for Japan to take a dominant role in East Asia? (pp. 820)

It all started with massive industrialization decades prior. They were able to go from stagnation to being able to defeat Russia as they were able to rapidly industrialize. They were able to read the writing on the wall early in being able to take control. The feared China unifying under one party, and they had internal tensions Since they industrialized they are integrated into the global economy, and this hits them hard when they experience the great depression. Because of this the fascist take hold and show radical idea of politics and nationalism. Intentional sabotage by Japanese to blow up their own railroads and blame China. They are the agitators in the pacific rim and picking on everybody.

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader of nonviolent protests for freedom on the Gold Coast. When independence was gained, he became the first prime minister of Ghana. He develpoped economic projects, but was criticized for spending too much time on Pan-African efforts, and neglecting his own countries' issues First President of Ghana

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920.

Who among the following emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement?

Mao Zedong

The height of Japanese aggressions/atrocities in China was reached at the Rape of

Nanjing

1. How did Chinese nationalism and communism promote challenges to long-standing Chinese political and cultural traditions, such as those pertaining to peasants and women? (pp. 816-20). Include the introduction re: Shanfei as an example

Nationalist advocated for a democratic republic that would give power to the peasants. Communists party where the ones that were wanting to get rid of arranged marriages and were advocates for women's rights. The peasants would be able to control the means of production. Both of them were anti-imperialist. Both of these parties together wanted to change the cultural traditions and the story of Shanfei shows how the normal traditions of women were changed as she was able to be educated and this broke the cultural traditions. Russia was helping with the anti-imperialist movement. Peasants and women are attracted to communism. Shanfei was a woman who was raised wealthy and when her father died she was able to become educated and she broke off her arranged marriages and married a peasant communist. The ideologies that China is today that moved away from traditional China to industrial China.

Gandhi predicted that "rivers of blood" would flow in the wake of the creation of

Pakistan

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

Which of the following is NOT a good example of the trend towards the Americanization of global culture?

Rolex Watches

Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in

South Africa

The First Five-Year Plan was initiated by

Stalin

1. How did African participation in WWI lead to African nationalist movements? (pp. 820-25)

That all of the African colonies were dragged into the war to fight for their masters and after the war they were not rewarded, and they had feeling of nationalism that they were independent and did not get recognition. When the war began a lot of Europeans were returning to Europe and their presence and leadership was gone. A new elite class of Africans were becoming educated and became leaders when they came back to Africa allowing them to become independent. They were able to lead their own countries because of this.

The United States tentatively supported a failed invasion of Cuba at

The Bay of Pigs

Which of the following would NOT be a good example of an NGO?

The United Nations

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Vladmir Lenin and the Bolsheviks

The communists in Russia who overthrew the government in 1917 and made peace with Germany.

1. In what ways did US or British neocolonial ambitions impinge on the independent political and economic development in Latin American nations?

They had the Monroe doctrine that the US could go into these nations and fix them which is what they did and came in to fix them economically and politically and sent troops into them. The fear of communist leaders It gave US the right to intervene in sovereign nations. There was a paranoia about soviet aggression and potential attractiveness to poor countries. Rich countries are not interested in equality for everybody. The sphere of influence eventually becomes policy, and we will fight to the death to prevent this soviet presence.

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of modern global corporations?

They have helped provide more money for social services and welfare programs.

1. What does Tilak suggest the British duped Indians into believing, and how would an Indian boycott let the British know that Indians would no longer be fooled? (p. 817)

Tilak he was right before the time of Gandhi and paved the way of pacifist rebellion and you see this in how ganghi wants boycotts later on. British had good intentions at first when in reality they just wanted their empire but just wanted to use them. Tilak suggests boycotting to make them believe that they can't function as their rulers without their consent. It takes two people to make an argument. And if you can't argue the other side then you only have a one-sided argument that falls short.

The goals of feminism in industrialized nations after WWII include all the following EXCEPT

Woman's Suffrage

What effect did World War I have on the status of women?

Women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war.

The Kristallnacht was

a Nazi-arranged attack on thousands of Jewish stores.

Pablo Picasso

a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes

According to Freud, the root of neurotic behavior was

a conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes.

As a result of China's one-child policy

a significant number of girl babies are missing.

The German Schlieffen plan called for

a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia.

As evidence of the renewed power and glory of Italy, Mussolini

all of these answers are correct

One significant result of the electronic information age is that

all of these answers are correct.

In the 1970s, OPEC demonstrated that

an alliance in control of a valuable resource could exert control over the global economy.

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 promised that Palestine would

become a homeland for immigrant Jews.

Deng Xiaoping

brought free market reforms to China

Adolph Eichmann

came up with the Final Solution-appointed administrator, had experience in transportation

In World War I, "no man's land" was the

deadly territory between opposing trenches

The purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to

eliminate barriers to free trade.

One of the most significant results of the artistic experimentation of the 1920s and 1930s was that

generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared.

The Long March

greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position

Each of the following statements about Sun Yatsen is true, EXCEPT that

he led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression.

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because

his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.

Ironically, Lenin's New Economic Policy of 1921

implemented free market reforms

Which of the following was NOT one of the new artistic movements of the twentieth century

impressionism

Marcus Garvey

is a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement.

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was

more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia

A troubling economic problem in the 1920s was the depressed state of agriculture caused by

overproduction and falling prices

Dreadnoughts were designed primarily to

protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles.

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was to

provide mutual defense and support in case of attack.

The purpose of the Twenty-One Demands was to

reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate.

Which of the following was NOT a military technology used in World War I?

rocket-powered missiles

Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser gained great international prestige when he

succeeded in retaking the Suez Canal from the British

The Cuban missile crisis ended when

the Soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade Cuba and his agreement to withdraw U.S. missiles from Turkey.

The Truman Doctrine pledged that

the United States would support free people resisting subjugation by insurrection or outside interference

Royal Niger Company

the company that invaded Nigeria after Britain received permission from the Berlin Conference to take control British company that conquered northern Nigeria.

As a result of the Cultural Revolution in China

the educated elite were persecuted, and China was deprived of their talent.

In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by

the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops.

The main reason France fought to retain its colony of Algeria is because

there were two million French settlers in Algeria

Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1947 because

they could not resolve the conflict between Palestinians and Jews.

The battle of Gallipoli was significant in that

this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops.

In response to the Great Depression, economist John Maynard Keynes

urged the government to expand the money supply and undertake public works to provide jobs.

In The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon

urged the use of violence against colonial oppressors.

Conflicts between native Kikuyu and British settlers intensified in Kenya after World War II because

white settlers had seized the best farmlands for years, and the Kikuyu had been crowded onto tribal reserves and reduced to the status of wage laborers

Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that the revolution

would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers.