World Civilizations II Exam 4

Who briefly headed Russian provisional government? a. Alexander Kerensky b. Alexander the Great c. Alex O'bryan

A. Alexander Kerensky

After ___ WWI became defensive, one of position rather than movement. a. Battle of Marne (1914) b. Battle of Normandy c. Battle of Paris

A. Battle of Marne (1914)

Unification of the German Empire, 1871 ___ rearranged European balance of power. a. Bismarck b. Paris c. Hong Kong d. London

A. Bismarck

While all other Latin America countries retain their traditional structure, __ revolutionary movement has restructured its government. a. Cuba b. Portugal c. Barbadoes

A. Cuba

___ was the famous episode in 1940 in which over 300,000 British and French troops escaped from the Germans in France. a. Dunkirk b. Sitzkrieg c. Anschluss

A. Dunkirk

What permitted Hitler to rule by decree? a. Enabling Act of 1933 b. Enabling Act of 1934 c. Enabling Act of 1932

A. Enabling Act of 1933

Who organized (French) National Committee of Liberation? a. General Charles de Gaulle b. Winston Churchill c. Anschluss

A. General Charles de Gaulle

Since 1945 European colonial empires have been replaced by a. independent states in Africa and Asia b. independent states in China and India c. independent states in Africa and South America

A. Independent states in Africa and Asia

Which soviet leader was responsible for the liberal reforms that ended the Soviet Union? a. Mikhail Gorbachev b. Hitler c. Bill Clinton

A. Mikhail Gorbachev

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the US has been engaged in a war on terrorism leading to wars in

Afghanistan and Iraq

__ was the racist and segregationist policy of the white-dominated regime of South Africa fom 1948-1982

Apartheid

The US has led efforts towards ___ yet a cycle of terror and retaliatory violence persists.

Arab-Israeli

___ describes the gradual easing of the strained relations between the US and the USSR that has been called a Cold War. a. Peace Treaty b. "Détente" c. Friendship

B. "Détente"

The end of Communist rule in the former Yugoslavia led to __ and ___. a. division and economic turmoil b. division and civil war c. division and death

B. Division and Civil war

Dual Alliance (1879) between ___ and ___ was to isolate Russia. a. Germany, France b. Germany, Austria c. Austria and France d. Austria and Russia

B. Germany, Austria

___ was condemned by League of Nations, France and Britain protested against it, but nothing could be done to prevent it. a. Hitler's birth b. Hitler's rearming of Germany c. Hitler's pulling out of the war

B. Hitler's rearming of Germany (1935)

Peace of Versailles (1919) a. mixture of freedom and hope b. mixture of idealism and cynicism c. mixture of hatred and cynicism

B. Mixture of idealism and Cynicism

Nazis redefined "socialism" to suggest a ___ outlook. a. Communist b. Nationalistic c. Realistic d. Humanistic

B. Nationalistic

In the US, from the 1980s, growing political conservation has marked the presidencies of a. Reagan, Wilson, Bush b. Reagan, George Bush, George W. Bush c. Bush, W Bush and FDR

B. Reagan, George Bush and George W Bush

What Treaty freed Balkans from Ottoman rule? a. Versailles b. San Stefano c. Independence d. Berlin

B. San Stefano

What Treaty took Russia out of WWI? a. Treaty of Verisalles b. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk c. Treaty of San Stefano

B. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1917/1918)

French government that collaborated with Germans after defeat in 1940, was located where? a. Paris b. Vichy c. Rome

B. Vichy

Bismarck's complicated system of secret alliances was upset by ___ on German throne (1888). a. William I b. William II c. William III d. William IV

B. William II

After French defeat (1940) who led Britain? a. General Charles de Gaulle b. Winston Churchill c. Martin Luther

B. Winston Churchill

__ __ __ (1923, Munich) gave Hitler opportunity to become nationally known.

Beer Hall Putsch

Who was the Triple Alliance between? a. Germany, Austria, Turkey b. Germany, Turkey, Italy c. Germany, Austria , Italy d. Austria, Italy, Turkey

C Germany, Austria, Italy

Through the fall of ___ and winter of ___ little activity on the western front ( the Sitzkrieg) a. 1938. 1939-1940 b. 1939. 1937-1940 c. 1939 1939-1940

C. 1939. 1939-1940

Atlantic Charter (August 1941) a. Broad set of principles in spirit of Wilson's 14 points b. Theoretical basis for peace sought by FDR and Churchill c. Broad set of principles in spirit of Wilson's 14 points; Theoretical basis for peace sought by FDR and Churchill

C. Broad set of principles in spirit of Wilson's 14 points; Theoretical basis for peace sought by FDR and Churchill

Challenges for Africa a. building a truly civil society b. achieving economic health and political stability c. building a truly civil society; achieving economic health and political stability

C. Building a truly civil society; achieving economic health and political stability

What did the Congress of Berlin (1878) do? a. Called to halt German's intervention in Slavic and Ottoman Affairs b. Called to halt China's intervention in Slavic and Ottoman Affairs c. Called to halt Russia's intervention in Slavic and Ottoman Affairs d. Called to halt England's intervention in Slavic and Ottoman Affairs

C. Called to halt Russia's intervention in Slavic and Ottoman affairs

Under new Bolshevik government in Russia after 1917 a. civil war broke out between Bolsheviks and opponents b. Czar Nicholas II and family were murdered c. Civil war broke out between Bolsheviks and opponents; Czar Nicholas II and family were murdered

C. Civil War broke out between Bolsheviks and opponents; Czar Nicholas II and family were murdered

The Cold War ended with the collapse of ___ in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the dissolution of the ___ in 1991. a. Liberalist rule and US b. Communist rule and Berlin Wall c. Communist rule and the USSR

C. Communist rule and the USSR

What was the Secret provision of Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact? a. Partitioning of Poland between Russia and China b. Partitioning of Poland between Russia and Austria c. Partitioning of Poland between Russia and Germany

C. Partitioning of Poland between Russia and Germany

___ is increasingly disruptive throughout the Islamic world. a. Social Islamism b. Economical Islamism c. Political Islamism

C. Political Islamism

Burning of the ___ (1933) used by Nazis to "prove" immediate Communist threat to Germany. a. flag b. church c. Reichstag

C. Reichstag

What civil war brought Germany and Italy together? a. American b. Russia c. Spanish d. France

C. Spanish

Most Latin American countries remain politically and economically dependent on a. Britain b. Spain c. US

C. US

Remilitarizing Rhineland in 1936, Hitler broke __ and __. a. Versailles Treaty and Berlin Treaty b. Locarno Agreements and Berlin Treaty c. Versailles Treaty and Locarno Agreements

C. Versailles Treaty and Locarno Agreements

1921 Russia involved in civil war between __ and ___ Russians. a. White and Blue b. White and Black c. White and Red

C. White and Red

Locarno Agreements (1925) a. new spirit of hope to Europe b. Germany accepted Versailles settlement in West but not in the East c. new spirit of hope to Europe; Germany accepted Versailles settlement in the West but not in the East

C. new spirit of hope to Europe; Germany accepted Versailles settlement in the west but not in the east

The two major issues of the Middle East a. oil b. Muslim reaction to the creation of the state of Israel c. oil and Muslim reaction to the creation of the state Israel

C. oil and Muslim reaction to creation of the State of Israel

Since the end of the Soviet Union, independent African and Asian states have had to adjust their __ and ___ relations to the West. a. political and social b. social and economic c. political and economic

C. political and economic

In the US, the late 1950s through the 1970s were a time of a. peace and freedom b. hippies and liberalism c. relative political liberalism

C. relative political liberalism

Post-war Europe has enjoyed a. a rise in prosperity and consumerism b. increased rights and opportunities for women c. movement toward political and economic unification d. a rise in prosperity and consumerism; increased rights and opportunities for women; and movement toward political and economic unification

D. A rise in prosperity and consumerism; increased rights and opportunities for women; and movement toward political and economic unification

What were Bismarck's diplomatic goals after 1871? a. achieving stability b. maintaining peace c. isolating France d. achieving stability; maintaining peace; isolating France

D. Achieving stability; maintaining peace; isolating France

Results of Yalta Conference (February 1945) a. American concessions in Asia to encourage Russian involvement against Japan b. Agreement to establish United Nations c. Division of E. Europe into Soviet, Britain and American spheres of influence d. American concessions in Asia to encourage Russian involvement against Japan; Agreement to establish United Nations; Divisions of East Europe into Soviet, Britain, and American spheres of influences

D. America concessions in Asia to encourage Russian involvement against Japan; Agreement to establish United Nations; Divisions of East Europe into Soviet, Britain and American spheres of influences

Bismarck's success before 1888 rested on a. clear and limited idea of nation's goals b. resistance to pressures for expansion c. knowledge of other countries' needs and hopes d. clear and limited idea of nation's goals; resistance to pressure for expansion; knowledge of other countries' needs and hopes

D. Clear and limited idea of nation's goals; resistance to pressure for expansion; knowledge of other countries' needs and hopes

Factors in coming of Depression of 1930s a. financial problems stemming directly from WWI b. a downturn in production and trade c. absence of strong economic leadership in west d. financial problems stemming directly from WWI; a downturn in production and trade; absence of strong economic leadership in west

D. Financial problems stemming directly from WWI; a downturn in production and trade; absence of strong economic leadership in west

Causes of massive German inflation of 1920s a. Financing of WWI b. Reparations of bill and continued postwar deficit c. French invasion of Ruhr and German response of passive economic resistance d. Financing of WWI; Reparations of bill and continued postwar deficit; French invasion of Ruhr and German response of passive economic resistance

D. Financing of WWI; Reparations bill and continued postwar deficit; French invasion of Ruhr and German response of passive economic resistance

William II's foreign policy, 1st decade of 20th century associated __ with __ and ___. a. France, England, Germany b. France, England, Turkey c. France, England, Italy d. France, England, Russia

D. France, England, Russia

Versailles treaty fostered both resentment and discontent a. Germany had been humiliated b. East European states unhappy with border changes c. France believed terms not being enforced d. Germany had been humiliated; East European states unhappy with border changes; France believed terms not being enforced

D. Germany had been humiliated East European states unhappy with border changes; France believed terms not being forced

"New Imperialism" of the late 19th century a. investment of capital in "backyard" countries b. building of constructive enterprises in these countries c. granting of "sphere of influence" status to some areas d. Investment of capital in "backyard" countries; Building of constructive enterprises in these countries; Granting of "sphere of influence" status to some areas

D. Investment of capital in "backyard" countries; Building of constructive enterprises in these countries; Granting of "sphere of influence" status to some areas

Battle of Stalingrad a. Marked turning point of Hitler's Russian campaign b. Impt to Germany - needed oil fields near the Caspian Sea c. Brought deaths of more Russians than all Americans lost in the entire war d. Marked turning point of Hitler's Russian campaign; impt t Germany- needed oil field near the Caspian Sea; Brought deaths of more Russians than all Americans lost in the entire war

D. Marked turning point of Hitler's Russian campaign; impt to Germany- needed oil field near the Caspian Sea; brought deaths of more Russians than all Americans lost in the entire war

Stalin's agricultural policies a. Millions of peasants murdered b. USSR faced continuing problem producing grain c. Russian agriculture largely collectivized d. Millions of peasants murdered; USSR faced continuing problem producing grain; Russian agriculture largely collectivized

D. Millions of peasants murdered; USSR faced continuing problem of producing grain; Russian agriculture largely collectivized

In the last half of the 20th century the US has been characterized by a. opposition to Communism, at home and abroad b. the expansion of civil rights to African Americans c. Economic prosperity d. opposition to Communism, at home and abroad; the expansion of civil rights to African Americans

D. Opposition to Communism, home and abroad; the expansion of civil rights to African Americans; Economic prosperity

Chamberlain's motives for concessions to Hitler at Munich a. realization and memory of horror to war b. unwillingness to undertake rearmament c. desire for self-determination for Germans in Czech d. realization and memory of horror to war; unwillingness to undertake rearmament; desire for self-determination for Germans in Czech

D. Realization and memory of horror to war; unwillingness to undertake rearmament; desire for self-determination for Germans in Czech

Who was the Triple Entente between? a. Germany, Russia, Britain b. Austria, Britain, France c. Italy, Russia, France d. Russia, Britain, France

D. Russia, Britain, France

Potsdam Conference (July 1945) a. Truman, Clement Attlee, and Stalin b. More plans for postwar European borders c. plans for formulation of peace treaties d. Truman, Clement Attlee, and Stalin; more plans for postwar European borders; plans for formulation of peace treaties

D. Truman, Clement Attlee, and Stalin; more plans for postwar European borders; plans for formulation of peace treaties

Nazis' popularity rose as what increased? a. Employment b. Demand c. War d. Unemployment

D. Unemployment

Since 1991, the former USSR has experienced a. social turmoil b. political turmoil c. economic turmoil d. social, political, and economic turmoil

D. social, political and economic turmoil

Holocaust

Destruction of 6 million Jews by German Nazis

Assassination of Sergei Kirov (1934, probably ordered by Stalin) initiated a series of a. parties b. murders c. arrests d. expulsions from Communist party e. Murders; Arrests; Expulsions from Communist party

E. Murders, Arrests, Expulsions from Communist party

Stalin's power and influence did not lay in mastery of crucial details of party structure. True or False

False. His power did lay in mastery of crucial details and party structure

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, the US seems to be decreasing embroiled in the chaotic and unstable Middle East. True or False.

False. The US seems to be increasingly embroiled into it.

What is anti-democratic, anti-Marxist, and anti-parliamentary?

Fascism

What was the Maginot Line?

French defensive fortifications until 1940

Germany policy during July crisis, 1914, consciously risked

General War

Battle of Britain resulted in what?

German abandonment of invasion plans

How does the Pope feel about Liberation theology?

He opposes and resisted this movement

___ (1929) brought peace between Italian state and Catholic Church

Lateran Accord

Living space for growing German nation

Lebensraum

What has been an effort by some Roman Catholic theologians to combine Marxism with a traditional Christian concern for the poor?

Liberation theology

Countries such as Brazil, Argentina and now Mexico have moved away from __ rule toward __.

Military rule toward civilian democratic government

___ became Prime Minister of Italy by "legal" means

Mussolini

Ethnic Cleansing

NATO powers, led by the US intervened in the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s to stop the fighting and the ethnic atrocities

Kulaks

Originally prosperous peasant farmer-landowners

One result of the Russian loss to Japan (1904-1905) was that

Russia experienced revolution in 1905.

Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) stated what?

Small Family Farm and Privately Owned Business

Since the demise of the USSR, NATO's __ and __ have waned.

Strength and Unity of purpose

Czechoslovakian region of German speakers

Sudetenland

Why did America decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?

The Americans had a desire to end war quickly and to save American lives

A ___ is a state ruled by religious rulers who claim to govern by divine authority.

Theocracy

French occupation of Ruhr district weakened French economy and alienated British. True or False

True

President Bill Clinton was more of a moderate centrist than a political liberal . True or False

True. He was more of a moderate centrist

Oil wealth has not produced prosperous democratic societies in the Middle East. True or False.

True. Oil has not produced prosperous democratic societies

A shortage of agricultural products was not a factor in the Depression. True or False

True. There were plenty of products

The US and the USSR were allies during WWII, but when the war ended they became rivals for world power. True or False

True. They were friends then became enemies

Who's plan for economic aid to ailing post-war European nations was designed to motivate them to resist Soviet Communism?

US Secretary of State George C. Marshall

What was Anschluss (1938)?

Union of Germany and Austria

"Appeasement"

based on assumption that Germany had real grievance and that Hitler's goals were limited.

FDR's New Deal included a. CCC b. WPA c. TVA d. CCC, WPA, TVA

d. CCC,TPA,TVA

After WWII, causes of the COLD War included a. US inheritance of Britain's role of restraining the USSR's imperialistic ambitions in Europe b. US commitment to "containing" or limiting the spread of Soviet Communist ideology and to defending capitalism and democracy c. competition for world power and for leadership in atomic and space technology. d. US inheritance of Britain's role of restraining the USSR's imperialistic ambitions in Europe; US commitment to "containing" or limiting the spread of Soviet Communist ideology and to defending capitalism and democracy; competition for world power and for leadership in atomic and space technology

d. US inheritance of Britain's role of restraining the USSR's imperialistic ambitions in Europe; US commitment to "containing" or limiting the spread of Soviet Communist ideology and to defending capitalism and democracy; competition for world power and for leadership in atomic and space technology

Problems faced by independent African nations include a. overpopulation, poverty, tribal and class division b. conflict, boundary issues, disease c. economic dependence and political instability d. overpopulation, poverty, tribal and class division; conflict, boundary issues; economic dependence and political instability

d. overpopulation, poverty, tribal and class division; conflict, boundary issues; economic dependence and political instability

The post-war movement of western Europe toward unification has come in stages a. The Marshall Plan and NATO gave them experience in working together b. The most significant evidence of this cooperation is the European Economic Community formed in 1957 since renamed the European Union c. The EU has adopted the euro as its standard, common currency d. the Marshall Plan and NATO gave them experience in working together; the most significant evidence of this cooperation is the European Economic Community formed in 1957, aka European Union; the EU has adopted the euro as its standard common currency.

d. the Marshall Plan and NATO gave them experience in working together; the most significant evidence of this cooperation is the European Economic Community formed in 1957, aka European Union; the EU has adopted the euro as its standard common currency.