World Geography Ch. 12 and 13

escarpment

Brazil's huge interior plateau drops steeply to the lowlands beyond to form a(n) ____.

gasohol

Brazilians cut their need for imported oil by using sugar cane to make ____, an alcohol-based fuel.

ecotourism

By encouraging ____, the Brazilian government hopes to promote economic growth without unnecessarily destroying the rain forest.

b

By encouraging development of the Brazilian Highlands, the government of Brazil was attempting to solve the problem of Select one: a. a declining market for cacao and cotton. b. overcrowding in the coastal cities. c. finding an appropriate place to relocate the Amazon Indian population. d. a growing scarcity of land to meet the needs of sugar growers.

a

Climatic conditions in Chile affect the population in which of the following ways? Select one: a. The climate and soil of the Central Valley are well suited to growing wine grapes and other fruits and vegetables. b. Most people live in the Atacama Desert, where the climate is temperate. c. The harsh climate at higher elevations has allowed the Indian population to remain largely isolated from the rest of the world. d. The economy relies on traditional activities such as herding and modern industries not affected by weather because the climate is ill-suited to growing most crops.

d

Compared with the other countries in southern South America, Argentina Select one: a. has the lowest per capita income. b. has the longest running democracy. c. has the highest percentage of people of European ancestry. d. has the highest per capita GNP.

c

Compared with the rest of Brazil, the northeast region Select one: a. has a wetter, cooler climate. b. has a higher population density. c. has a lower standard of living. d. has an economy more dependent on industry.

b

Compared with the rest of Brazil, the northeastern region Select one: a. employs more people in manufacturing and other industrial jobs. b. is more heavily influenced by African culture. c. enjoys a higher standard of living. d. supports a larger number of people in a smaller area.

True

true or false: A steep escarpment that divides Brazil's interior from its coastal plain formed a barrier to transportation for many years.

true

true or false: By encouraging ecotourism, the government of Brazil hopes that the country will be able to benefit economically from the riches of the rain forest without destroying it.

false

true or false: Many poor people in Brazil live in the urban communities called sertãos.

true

true or false: Reliance on gasohol, an alcohol-based fuel, has cut Brazil's need to import foreign oil.

false

true or false: The majority of Brazil's urban poor now live in affordable public housing complexes called favelas.

c

After clearing the rain forest for farming, many settlers have discovered that rain forest soil Select one: a. is the most fertile soil in Brazil. b. needs little irrigation to produce large crop yields every year. c. becomes quickly exhausted by constant rains and planting. d. turns to red, barren clay only after many years of planting.

c

All of the following are accurate statements about Argentina except: Select one: a. The majority of the population is of European ancestry. b. Most of the population lives in cities. c. The gap between the rich and the poor is the smallest in South America. d. It is the wealthiest country in South America.

a

All of the following are accurate statements about the Amazon River basin except: Select one: a. The government has banned further development of the region. b. It is still a largely unexplored area. c. It has a year-round growing season. d. The majority of what is left of the original Indian population lives in the region.

d

All of the following are characteristics of the Amazon River basin except Select one: a. Indian tribes who live a traditional lifestyle. b. a year-round growing season. c. a rich diversity of plants and animals. d. thick jungle areas bordered by barren desert areas.

b

All of the following are consequences of the economic growth of Brazil except Select one: a. a growth in professional and skilled labor jobs. b. a reduction in sugar cane production. c. an increase in poverty in urban areas. d. the deforestation of the Amazon rain forest.

d

All of the following are policies the Brazilian government adopted to encourage economic growth except Select one: a. giving away land in the Amazon region. b. establishing a bank to lend money to people to start new businesses. c. building huge power plants. d. providing higher pay for low-skilled jobs in urban areas.

a

All of the following are problems associated with Colombia's dependence on a single crop except: Select one: a. Most of the coffee is exported illegally. b. If disease strikes the coffee trees, it would affect the entire economy. c. A few wealthy families own most of the coffee plantations. d. A drop in demand for coffee would affect the whole economy.

b

An unusual characteristic of politics in Uruguay is that Select one: a. newspapers publish who voted for each candidate in each election. b. citizens are required to vote. c. the Indian and mestizo populations hold most of the political power. d. the country has a long tradition of democratic government.

b

Crucial to the success of the development of Brasília was which of the following? Select one: a. forced relocation of the Panara Indian tribe b. a massive road-building project c. reliance on gasohol as a source of inexpensive fuel d. distance to the coast

a

In order to encourage economic growth, the government of Brazil did all of the following except Select one: a. encourage plantation owners to sell their land to manufacturing companies. b. give away mining permits. c. build a steel mill and oil refinery. d. build huge hydroelectric dams to produce power.

c

In the mid-1950s, Brazil's capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília because Select one: a. Brasília is more centrally located than Rio de Janeiro. b. many people had already moved to Brasília in search of better job opportunities. c. the government wanted to draw people away from the coastal cities and develop the interior of the country. d. Brasília's climate is more appealing than that of Rio de Janeiro.

d

In what way have the physical characteristics of the Andean countries affected the population of the area? Select one: a. The isolation of the region has made marriage between Indians and Europeans far less common than in the rest of South America. b. The population is centered in the coastal lowlands regions, while the mountains and rain forests remain sparsely populated. c. The difficulties of navigating through the region made it more difficult for Europeans to settle the area. d. Indian tribes who have lived for centuries at high altitudes have larger hearts and lungs.

a

In which of the following countries is English the official language? Select one: a. Guyana b. Chile c. Suriname d. Uruguay

d

Land cleared from the rain forest for farming Select one: a. becomes overgrown with heavy vegetation soon after being cleared. b. is productive about 10 years before turning into rain forest again. c. will remain fertile for decades and will yield large crops. d. becomes exhausted by both rains and planting.

favelas

Many urban poor in Brazil live in communities called ____.

d

Most of the people in the southeast live Select one: a. away from the coast, where large mining sites are located. b. in favelas scattered throughout the region. c. in rural areas where agriculture is healthy and economic opportunities are plentiful. d. in or near Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

a

Oil is found in all of the following sections of Venezuela except the Select one: a. Guiana Highlands. b. Orinoco delta. c. eastern llanos. d. lowlands near Lake Maracaibo.

a

On which of the following do Venezuela's varied climates depend the most? Select one: a. elevation b. distance from the Equator c. nearness to the ocean d. natural vegetation

a

Political conditions in Paraguay have changed in recent years in which of the following ways? Select one: a. A democratically elected government replaced a military dictatorship. b. An uprising among the oppressed native Indian population began in the highlands and spread to the cities. c. A democratically elected government was overthrown by the military. d. A long civil war finally ended.

b

Reasons for poverty in Brazil include all of the following except Select one: a. poor soil and climate in the northeast. b. a scarcity of natural resources. c. a lack of well-paying jobs in the cities. d. a lack of affordable and available farmland.

d

The Andes have had all of the following effects on the people who live in the area except: Select one: a. Trade and interaction with other groups are often limited. b. Different crops are grown at different elevations. c. Some native Indians have developed unusual physical characteristics that make it easier for them to live at high altitudes. d. Mining is the main economic activity because of the rich mineral resources.

sertao

The ____, or interior plateau, is an area that is subject to periods of drought.

d

The countries of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana all share which of the following? Select one: a. a French colonial heritage b. a large Quechua-speaking population c. a largely Roman Catholic population d. a large Asian population

d

The grasslands of Argentina Select one: a. contain many sheep ranches. b. are less fertile than the Patagonia. c. are rich in oil and bauxite deposits. d. produce most of Argentina's grains and meats.

c

The growth of Brazil's middle class is due in large part to government policies that have Select one: a. dismantled the plantation system of agriculture. b. required school attendance beginning at age five. c. encouraged the growth of industry. d. increased pay for agricultural workers.

a

The massive road system built in Brazil resulted in all of the following changes except Select one: a. a declining population along the coast. b. improved access by car or truck across the Amazon region. c. deforestation of part of the Amazon rain forest. d. the spread of disease to formerly isolated Indian tribes.

c

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship between the geographic landscapes of Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Bolivia and the economies of these countries? Select one: a. The beauty of the mountain ranges and rain forests has made tourism the chief source of income in all four countries. b. The Atacama Desert severely restricts economic opportunities in each country. c. The Andes provide a rich source of natural resources in each country. d. The Andes provide a natural barrier to the outside world, forcing each country to be economically self-sufficient.

a

The three Guianas share all of the following characteristics except Select one: a. a Spanish colonial background. b. a heritage of African slavery. c. a tropical wet climate. d. vast areas of rain forest.

d

Venezuela's economy relies most heavily on which of the following? Select one: a. cattle ranching in the grasslands b. fertile farmland in the Andean Highlands c. coffee plantations in mountainous areas d. oil reserves in places such as the eastern llanos

c

What element of physical geography binds the countries of southern South America together? Select one: a. the Andes b. a highland plateau c. the Plata River system d. a tropical rain forest

b

Which of the following accurately describes the climate of Bolivia? Select one: a. moderate temperatures with seasonal rainfall b. ranges from humid and tropical to cold and semiarid c. ranges from relatively mild to extremes of cold and heat d. year-round tropical wet climate

a

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the current labor force in Brazil? Select one: a. The growth of industry in Brazil has produced a skilled, educated, and growing middle class. b. With the addition of gasohol production, agriculture is once again the largest source of employment in the country. c. Together, manufacturing and mining employ the greatest number of people in the country. d. Despite the growing popularity of ecotourism, less than one half of the labor force is now employed in service industries.

b

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the present labor force in Brazil? Select one: a. Over half of the population is employed in construction, manufacturing, and mining jobs. b. The service industry employs the greatest number of people. c. Agriculture is now a source of employment for only a small percentage of the population. d. The bulk of jobs has shifted from the coastal areas to the interior.

a

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the southeast region of Brazil? Select one: a. The majority of the region's population lives in or near two cities. b. Almost half of the world's coffee supply comes from the region. c. The capital city of Brasília is located in the region. d. It is the country's largest region, in terms of both area and population.

d

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the sugar plantations of the northeast region of Brazil? Select one: a. In recent years, most sugar plantations have been transformed into plantations for growing coffee. b. The majority of the plantations are located on the interior plateau. c. For hundreds of years, the workers were enslaved Indians. d. The success of this crop contributed to the country's reliance on gasohol.

a

Why is it difficult for small farmers in Colombia to produce enough to feed their families? Select one: a. They focus their efforts on a single cash crop. b. The climate of the country is too dry to be productive. c. There is very little fertile land in the country. d. The agricultural economy has never been developed.

d

the economies of Ecuador and Peru share which of the following characteristics? Select one: a. The mestizo population makes up the majority of the large middle class. b. The majority of the people in both countries are Indians who live by subsistence farming or herding. c. Oil revenue has had a great impact on the standard of living in both countries. d. A minority of people of European descent control most of the country's wealth.