World History 1: SOL Review - important people
Erasmus
author of The Praise of Folly
Niccolo Machiavelli
author of The Prince, a book of advice to Italian city-state rulers
Pope Urban II
called for the First Crusade in a famous speech
Alexander the Great
established an empire from Greece to Egypt to India; his conquests helped to spread Hellenism
Ferdinand and Isabella
expelled the Muslim Moors from Spain; consolidated the Spanish nation
Paul
famous apostle of the Christian faith
Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
first Roman emperor; Pax Romana began during the rule of this leader; member of the Second Triumvirate; Julius Caesar's great-nephew and heir
Qin Shi Huangdi
first emperor of China; had the Great Wall built to keep out nomadic invaders from the north
King John
forced by English nobles to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 (limiting the power of the monarch)
Pericles
general and orator that led Athens to its' "Golden Age"; extended democracy in Athens
Charlemagne
great ruler of the Franks; crowned the Holy Roman Emperor by the pope in 800 A.D.
Justinian
greatest ruler of the Byzantine Empire; had Roman law codified
Johannes Guttenberg
inventor of the movable type printing press
Marc Anthony
member of the Second Triumvirate; married to Cleopatra; Octavian's rival for power
Joan of Arc
peasant who led French forces in the Hundred Years' War; captured and burned at the stake
Mohammad
prophet that founded the Islamic religion
Moses
received the Ten Commandments on Mt. Sinai
Ali
son-in-law of Muhammad; last of the "rightly guided" caliphs; Muslims divided into two sects following his death
Hugh Capet
started the French throne in Paris; his dynasty eventually controlled most of France
William the Conqueror
the Duke of Normandy; won the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and untied most of England
Ivan the Great
threw off the rule of the Mongols; expanded the Russian nation; centralized power in Moscow
Draco and Solon
tyrants who worked for reform in early Athens
Jesus Christ
viewed by followers as the Son of God; called the Messiah
Aeschylus and Sophocles
wrote Greek plays; excelled at drama
Michelangelo
Renaissance sculptor and painter; created the statue David; painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Petrarch
Renaissance writer known for his sonnets and humanist scholarship
Homer
Greek poet; author of Iliad and Odyssey
Phidiar
Greek sculptor
Herodotus and Thucydides
Greeks that excelled in the field of history
Archimedes and Hippocrates
Greeks that excelled in the field of science
Euclid and Pythagoras
Greeks who excelled
Abraham
"father of the Hebrews"
Siddhartha Gautama
"the enlightened one"; founder of Buddhism
St. Cyril
Byzantine monk that adapted the Greek alphabet to the Slavic people of Eastern Europe
Henry II
Common Law began in England during the rule of this king
Hannibal
General from Carthage that invaded the Italian peninsula; nearly defeated the Romans
Plato and Aristotle
Greek philosophers
Asoka
Indian prince who sent missionaries to spread Buddhism to China and other parts of Eastern Asia; established many hospitals, veterinary clinics, and roads in India
Hammurabi
King of Babylon; had a strict law code named for him
Philip II
King of Macedonia; eventually conquered all of Greece
Mansa Musa
King of Mali; expanded the gold-salt trade; adopted Islam; hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca
Saladin
Muslim sultan that recaptured Jerusalem during the Third Crusade; fought Richard the Lionheart
Sir Thomas More
Northern Renaissance writer; author of "Utopia"
Zoroaster
Persian prophet that believed life was ongoing struggle between good and evil forces
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance painter and scientist; produced Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Ptolemy
Roman astronomer, astrologer, geographer, mathematician, etc.; made maps
Julius Caesar
Roman dictator murdered by members of the Senate in 44 B.C.
Constantine
Roman emperor that legalized Christianity by issuing the Edict of Milan
Virgil
Roman poet who wrote "Aeneid"
Charles V
Spanish empire in the Americas reached its' height under this monarch