World History A Cumulative Exam Review

What happened to American Indians after 1492? They began growing tea and coffee. Most perished from disease. Their population decreased by nearly twenty percent. They began selling horses for gold.

Most perished from disease.

Which describes a difference between the attacks of Arab Muslim armies and the attacks of Ottoman Turk armies on the Byzantine Empire? Muslim armies began attacking the Empire in 700, while Turk armies captured Constantinople in 1453. Muslim armies conquered Egypt and Syria in 700, while Turk armies captured the Orthodox Church in 1453. Muslim armies seized Constantinople in 1453, while Turk armies seized other Byzantine lands starting in 700. Muslim armies conquered Anatolia in 700, while Turk armies captured Egypt and Syria in 1453.

Muslim armies began attacking the Empire in 700, while Turk armies captured Constantinople in 1453

What was the contributing factor to Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar? Spain allied with Britain, and together they defeated France's weak navy. Napoleon enlisted Spain's help in forming a strong navy, but he was defeated anyway. The allied forces, made up of all countries in Europe except France, defeated the French. Spain refused Napoleon's request for help and turned against France.

Napoleon enlisted Spain's help in forming a strong navy, but he was defeated anyway.

How did the events of the Reformation affect the Enlightenment? People challenged cultural institutions during the Reformation, which led them to challenge educational facilities during the Enlightenment. People challenged educational facilities during the Reformation, which led them to challenge cultural institutions during the Enlightenment. People challenged governmental authority during the Reformation, which led them to challenge religious institutions during the Enlightenment. People challenged religious institutions during the Reformation, which led them to challenge governmental authority during the Enlightenment.

People challenged religious institutions during the Reformation, which led them to challenge governmental authority during the Enlightenment.

French soldiers brought home American ideas about government and rights, including news of the Declaration of Independence. One of the ideas presented in the Declaration of Independence is equality for all. Which philosopher of the Enlightenment believed in this equality? Locke Montesquieu Rousseau Voltaire

Rousseau

How did Rousseau differ from Voltaire? Rousseau was a French philosopher in the 1700s, while Voltaire was a French monarch in the 1600s. Rousseau was a French monarch in the 1600s, while Voltaire was a French philosopher in the 1700s. Rousseau argued against inequality among the classes, while Voltaire argued for freedom of speech and religion. Rousseau argued for freedom of speech and religion, while Voltaire argued against inequality among the classes.

Rousseau argued against inequality among the classes, while Voltaire argued for freedom of speech and religion.

What was the earliest religion practiced in Japan? Buddhism Shintoism Confucianism Taoism

Shintoism

What was the reason for Julius Caesar's assassination? Many Romans wanted a strong leader instead of the weak Caesar. Influential Romans were opposed to the expansion of Rome's territory. Many people were unhappy with Caesar because of Rome's military defeats. Some people feared Caesar wanted to become king and destroy the republic.

Some people feared Caesar wanted to become king and destroy the republic.

How did the development of different languages further divide Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire? Latin was no longer the most important language in Europe after the empire fell. French speakers and German speakers separated Europe into two different parts, with little communication between them. Warrior kings spoke only German, so German-speaking cities became the most powerful. Speaking different languages meant people from different areas could no longer communicate easily with each other.

Speaking different languages meant people from different areas could no longer communicate easily with each other.

Read the quote by Maximilien de Robespierre. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. How does the quote best apply to the Committee of Public Safety under Robespierre's leadership? People had a right to a speedy trial under the Committee of Public Safety. Citizens who behaved had nothing to fear from the Committee of Public Safety. The Committee of Public Safety meted out justice fairly and evenly. The Committee of Public Safety forcefully eliminated all opposition.

The Committee of Public Safety forcefully eliminated all opposition.

Which statement best defines the teachings of John Calvin? Calvin taught his followers that salvation could be achieved through faith, but not through good works. Calvin taught his followers that human beings needed to follow strict rules to overcome their nature and do good. Calvin taught his followers that they could reduce punishment for their sins by giving generously to the church. Calvin taught his followers that priests and popes were closer to God than their churchgoers.

Calvin taught his followers that human beings needed to follow strict rules to overcome their nature and do good.

What is a Hajj? a book of laws a religious idol a journey to Mecca a member of an Arab tribe

a journey to Mecca

Boyle's law explains the way to develop an idea and design an experiment. the impact of gravity on the motion of objects on Earth. the relationship between pressure and the volume of gas. the elliptical orbit of Earth and other planets around the sun.

the relationship between pressure and the volume of gas.

Faced with famine, increased taxes, and rising discontent, Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General. This was the first time this call had been issued in one hundred fifty years. Why did the king call this meeting? to move France toward a constitutional monarchy to create a plan of action to stop the famine to give the people a voice to attempt government reform

to attempt government reform.

What was a main purpose of church orders? to create a group of laypersons to strengthen the role of the Church to encourage study and scholarship to train individuals for government jobs

to strengthen the role of the Church

According to its foundation myth, Rome was founded by twin brothers. a wolf. Greek explorers. Egyptian gods.

twin brothers.

In what role did both nobles and knights serve? vassal serf monarch priest

vassal

A Renaissance writer considered one of the greatest poets of all time is Thomas More. Niccolo Machiavelli. Dante Alighieri. Baldassare Castiglione.

Dante Alighieri.

Which explorer is known for being the first to circumnavigate the globe, yet died in Asia before completing his journey? Christopher Columbus Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan

What was the primary reason hunter-gatherers kept moving? Larger groups moved in and took over territory. Food sources became scarce. Smaller groups broke off from main groups and moved on. Water sources became scarce.

Food sources became scarce.

How did hunter-gatherers deal with their environmental conditions? They adapted to the local conditions They disturbed the local conditions. They controlled the local conditions. They upset the local conditions.

They adapted to the local conditions

How were the nobles and the clergy similar in medieval Europe? They were part of the church hierarchy. They had equal status in the social structure. They shared power with the monarchs. They gave peasants work and land.

They had equal status in the social structure.

Alexander the Great invaded Anatolia, which today is known as Greece. Libya. Iraq. Turkey.

Turkey

If Hindu troops won a major battle against their enemies, whom would they praise for his guidance? Brahma Buddha Shiva Vishnu

Vishnu

At a manor, what responsibility did the lord and the lady share? settling disputes educating children participating in mass collecting taxes

participating in mass.

Because of the Great Schism, the Church in medieval society lost domination of education. support of the emperor. political and cultural influence. income from lay investiture.

political and cultural influence.

In which spiritual concept do most Hindus believe? Four Noble Truths Eight-fold path reincarnation caste

reincarnation

A republic is a government run by generals. kings and queens. representatives of the people. religious leaders.

representatives of the people.

The Incas were the first early American civilization to create roads to connect different parts of their empire. stone carvings that showed images of their rulers. an urban area with a system of canals. a calendar based on a solar year of 365 days.

roads to connect different parts of their empire.

Which city became the cultural center of the Hellenistic civilization? Alexandria Athens Babylon Byzantium

Alexandria

Which term is the Arabic word for God? Mecca Allah Islam Qur'an

Allah

The mountain peak with the highest elevation is located on which continent? Asia Africa North America Europe

Asia

Which best explains how religious tolerance helped the Ottoman and Mughal Empires succeed? By showing religious tolerance, both empires maintained stability and earned loyalty from different peoples. By showing religious tolerance, both empires maintained power and earned new converts to Islam. By showing religious tolerance, both empires created new religions and earned loyalty from different peoples. By showing religious tolerance, both empires created new religions and earned new converts to Islam.

By showing religious tolerance, both empires maintained stability and earned loyalty from different peoples.

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Voltaire? People are naturally reasonable. People are naturally selfish and violent. Governments create unequal societies. Government should be separate from religion.

Government should be separate from religion.

How did Robert de La Salle help extend France's influence in the New World? He explored and established colonies in Canada. He explored Hudson Bay, the Hudson River, and the Hudson Strait. He explored the Pacific Ocean and Hawaii. He explored the Mississippi River and built trading posts on it.

He explored the Mississippi River and built trading posts on it.

Which explains why sultan Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire was called "Suleiman the Magnificent?" He created Istanbul during the early part of the Empire's history. He oversaw advances during a peak in the Empire's history. He built the Taj Mahal during a peak in the Empire's history. He conquered India during the early part of the Empire's history.

He oversaw advances during a peak in the Empire's history.

What did Oliver Cromwell do after he became Lord Protector? He freed Charles I from prison. He abandoned the Puritan religion. He called for the opening of theaters and pubs. He ruled as a military dictator.

He ruled as a military dictator.

Which best explains why Hans Holbein the Younger was a Renaissance artist? He used watercolor paints to create realistic portraits of European landscapes. He used watercolor paints to create realistic portraits of European animals. He used humanistic techniques to create realistic portraits of Europeans. He used humanistic techniques to create a realistic portrait of Shakespeare.

He used humanistic techniques to create realistic portraits of Europeans.

Who started the Reformation in England? John Calvin Henry VIII Martin Luther John Wycliffe

Henry the VIII

Why was Constantine's conversion to Christianity significant? His conversion signaled that Christianity was the official religion of the empire. His conversion marked the beginning of the persecution of other religions. His conversion meant that Christians would no longer be persecuted. His conversion moved the Roman Empire toward pacifism.

His conversion meant that Christians would no longer be persecuted.

Which statement about Abraham is the most accurate? He was considered the father of all major religions. He moved from Ur to Canaan to spread Islam. His covenant with God helped all Jewish people. His agreement with God ensured Abraham's immortality.

His covenant with God helped all Jewish people.

Which best explains how humanism affected the way Europeans thought about themselves? Humanism helped Europeans believe in their own potential. Humanism helped Europeans strengthen their religious beliefs. Humanism helped Europeans create classical works of art. Humanism helped Europeans reject classical beliefs.

Humanism helped Europeans believe in their own potential.

About ten thousand years ago, climate change began to impact early humans' lives. How did the climate change? It got colder. It got warmer. It got wetter. It got drier.

It got warmer.

How does the Talmud affect the daily lives of Jewish people? It reflects the Ten Commandments of God. It describes rules for food preparation. It interprets how to handle legal situations. It reminds people of Judaism's teachings.

It interprets how to handle legal situations.

Which describes how plague affected the Byzantine Empire? It killed many residents. It killed few residents. It killed Islamic invaders. It killed Emperor Justinian I.

It killed many residents.

What primary impact did the Great Temple's construction have on Jerusalem? It left the entire kingdom deeply in debt. It made the city famous for King Solomon's wisdom. It made the city unappealing to foreign visitors. It created controversy over the secular design.

It left the entire kingdom deeply in debt.

Read a report of the Paris Medical Faculty from 1348 about the plague. We can say that the main cause of this pestilence was and is the configuration of the heavens. In 1345, at 1:00 in the afternoon of March 20th, there was a major conjunction of three planets in the constellation of Aquarius. This conjunction, along with others like it and the eclipse caused a deadly corruption of the air around us. What is the most likely reason this document would be important to a historian's study of the Black Death? It shows the importance of astronomy in medicine today. It shows how medicine once differed in Paris and London. It shows how the plague's cause was interpreted in the past. It shows the desperation to find a cause of the Black Death.

It shows how the plague's cause was interpreted in the past.

Which statement about the Qur'an is true? It is a collection of Muhammad's prophecies. It written in both Arabic and Hebrew. It was compiled after Muhammad's death. It is a book that Muslims follow only during specific religious events.

It was compiled after muhammad's death

In what country did the Renaissance begin? Italy France Spain Germany

Italy

Buddhism originated during which empire? Aryan Indus Gupta Mauryan

Mauryan

Where do Muslim pilgrims travel to as part of their religion? Sharia Qur'an Mecca Islam

Mecca

Why were banks created in medieval England? The new middle class required small loans. People wanted a safe place to store expensive items. The increase in population meant an increase in currency. Merchants needed a place to exchange currency from other countries.

Merchants needed a place to exchange currency from other countries.

What was the outcome of the First Crusade? The Crusaders defeated the Muslims and restored peace to the Holy Land. The Muslims lost to the Crusaders but remained in control of Jerusalem. The Muslims destroyed Jerusalem rather than surrender it to the Crusaders. The Crusaders seized Jerusalem but were forced to defend it for the next one hundred years.

The Crusaders seized Jerusalem but were forced to defend it for the next one hundred years.

A major Renaissance poem that included real people as its characters was The Prince. The Divine Comedy. Don Quixote. The Book of the Courtier.

The Divine Comedy

What is the difference between the Torah and the Talmud? The Torah describes the basic laws of Judaism; the Talmud is a collection of opinions on legal issues. The Torah has been handed down for generations; the Talmud is a series of books. The Torah means "study"; the Talmud means "the Five Books of Moses." The Torah focuses on interpreting ideas and recommendations; the Talmud focuses on directions for daily living.

The Torah describes the basic laws of Judaism; the Talmud is a collection of opinions on legal issues.

Why is the Notre Dame Cathedral a symbol of the Church before the Great Schism? The construction was very costly and reflects the great wealth of the Church. The new type of architecture showed the progressive ideals of the Church. The large sculptures represents the complex but permanent ideals of the Church. The high towers over the city suggest the dominance of the Church over all people.

The high towers over the city suggest the dominance of the Church over all people.

Which best explains how wealthy residents of Italian cities contributed to the Renaissance? Wealthy residents bought works of art, which supported artists. Wealthy residents participated in religion, which supported the Church Wealthy residents participated in music, which supported the arts. Wealthy residents bought classical books, which supported scholars.

Wealthy residents bought works of art, which supported artists.

Which statement about women's power during the Renaissance is true? Women had great political power but little economic power. Women had great political and economic power. Women had little political or economic power. Women had great economic power but little political power.

Women had little political or economic power.

The official religion of the Roman Empire was a form of paganism in which worshippers prayed to Roman gods and the emperor. In Judea, was there any freedom of religion under Roman rule? No, early Christians were persecuted. Yes, Jews were able to practice their religion. No, everyone was required to worship the emperor. Yes, all religions were tolerated if they incorporated Roman religion.

Yes, Jews were able to practice their religion.

A significant achievement by the Ming dynasty was that it restored order to the country by reinstating a military government. an authoritarian government. a Confucian government. a democratic government.

a Confucian government.

New evidence changed ideas about what caused the Black Death when a team of scientists visiting Hong Kong discovered that a bacterium caused the Black Death. a virus caused the Black Death. rabies caused the Black Death. tetanus caused the Black Death.

a bacterium caused the Black Death.

Which of the following is the best definition of a census? a form of taxation based on property a count of a population and its property a system of feudal government a blending of different cultures

a count of a population and its property

Secondary sources would be valuable to a historian in order to provide the sights and sounds of an event. insights into the thoughts and feelings of participants in an event. a more thorough analysis of the impact on history of an event. an evaluation of opinions of people at an event.

a more thorough analysis of the impact on history of an event.

When the Han dynasty conquered Korea, the Han rulers established a new government. a new religion. universities. feudalism.

a new government.

A small group of centrists tried to get the Jacobins and the Conservatives to compromise on what main idea? a republic versus a constitutional monarchy a monarchy versus a constitutional monarchy a democratic republic versus a monarchy a church leader versus a monarchy

a republic versus a constitutional monarchy

Both the Ottoman and Mughal empires absorbed religious influences from other cultures. forced non-Muslims to convert to Islam. offered high positions to Hindus and Sikhs. ruled their territories until the early 1900s.

absorbed religious influences from other cultures.

Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia in the middle of the Hellenistic Age in ancient Greece. after Philip's assassination at the hands of political rivals. during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. before a series of wars between Greek city-states and Persia.

after Philip's assassination at the hands of political rivals.

Read this passage, which was written by a Spanish explorer in the 1500s. This great city of [Tenochtitlán] is situated in this salt lake . . . . There are four . . . entrances to the city, all of which are formed by artificial [walkways] . . . . The city is as large as Seville or Cordova; its streets . . . are very wide and straight . . . . All the streets at intervals have openings, through which the water flows . . . and at these openings, some of which are very wide, there are also very wide bridges, composed of large pieces of timber, of great strength and well put together; on many of these bridges ten horses can go abreast. This quotation describes an Aztec city. an Inca city. a Maya city. a Zapotec city.

an Aztec city.

What kind of essay states and supports an opinion or position? an argumentative essay a descriptive essay an informative essay a narrative essay

an argumentative essay

Renaissance art was strongly influenced by ancient Greek and Roman trade routes. politics. architecture. social life.

architecture

Government positions under Hongwu were filled by appointment. election. civil service exams. officers in the military.

civil service exams.

Which items originated in the Americas and became European staples as a result of the Columbian Exchange? corn, chocolate, rice, and sugar rice, cattle, tomatoes, gold wheat, chocolate, pineapples, potatoes corn, potatoes, chocolate, tomatoes

corn, potatoes, chocolate, tomatoes

The best definition of nationalism is devotion and loyalty to one's race. region. religion. country.

country.

The French king was able to defy the pope because the king inherited his authority from a powerful father. believed himself to be independent of the Church. conquered large territories and ruled with firm control. created a strong national identity and a central government.

created a strong national identity and central government.

Unlike during the Medieval period, church leaders commissioned works of art during the Renaissance to teach religious lessons. reward church supporters. demonstrate church wealth. decorate religious spaces.

decorate religious spaces.

Jan van Eyck contributed to Renaissance art by developing new, realistic techniques. painting realistic watercolors of animals. developing precise, stylistic techniques. painting realistic watercolors of landscapes.

developing new, realistic techniques.

How long did Charlemagne's empire have an influence on Europe? for decades, until Charlemagne's death until the Catholic Church lost power for more than eight hundred years for at least one hundred years after Charlemagne's death

for more than eight hundred years

Which discipline helps us to understand the past by studying the physical features of the environment? history geography anthropology archaeology

geography

The Byzantine legal system is best described as a combination of government laws and local customs. religious laws and local customs. government laws and Roman customs. religious laws and Greek customs.

government laws and local customs.

One effect of the Crusades was that the Catholic Church lost its power and authority. called for an end to violence. grew in power and authority. lost most of its wealth.

grew in power and authority.

What was one notable invention during the Tang Dynasty? gunpowder silk trade moveable type civil service exams

gunpowder

Louis XIV is considered a perfect example of an absolute monarch because he gave more political power to ordinary French citizens. reigned during a period of peaceful relations with France's neighbors. held all power in France and claimed to represent God on Earth. left the throne and called for free elections to choose a successor.

held all power in France and claimed to represent God on Earth.

Trade spread the Italian Renaissance across Europe by helping merchants become patrons. helping monarchs become artists. helping merchants become politicians. helping artists become patrons

helping merchants become patrons.

Climate and environment affected what choice for hunter-gatherers? leaders language enemies housing

housing

Which list states events in the rise of Macedonia in the correct chronological order? i. Philip II conquered Greece. ii. The Peloponnesian War ended. iii. Alexander III became king. iv. Athens and Sparta declined. i. Alexander III became king. ii. The Peloponnesian War ended. iii. Philip II conquered Greece. iv. Athens and Sparta declined. i. Athens and Sparta declined. ii. The Peloponnesian War ended. iii. Alexander III became king. iv. Philip II conquered Greece. i. The Peloponnesian War ended. ii. Athens and Sparta declined. iii. Philip II conquered Greece. iv. Alexander III became king.

i. The Peloponnesian War ended. ii. Athens and Sparta declined. iii. Philip II conquered Greece. iv. Alexander III became king.

Which list states achievements from the Scientific Revolution in the correct order? i. The heliocentric theory is published. ii. Galileo argues for Copernicus. iii. Isaac Newton develops calculus. iv. The scientific method is invented. i. Galileo argues for Copernicus. ii. The heliocentric theory is published. iii. The scientific method is invented. iv. Isaac Newton develops calculus. i. Galileo argues for Copernicus. ii. Isaac Newton develops calculus. iii. The heliocentric theory is published. iv. The scientific method is invented. i. The heliocentric theory is published. ii. The scientific method is developed. iii. Galileo argues for Copernicus. iv. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

i. The heliocentric theory is published. ii. The scientific method is developed. iii. Galileo argues for Copernicus. iv. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

Which of these is the most common characteristic of a political map? identification of cities, states, and countries presence of topography and boundaries labels for continents and oceans key for natural resources

identification of cities, states, and countries

A humanities curriculum is one that is taught only in Greek or Latin languages. emphasizes military tactics and strategies. focuses primarily on religious teachings. includes instruction in philosophy and history.

includes instruction in philosophy and history.

The Western Church and the Eastern Church differed in what area? beliefs leadership clergy artwork

leadership

Compared to other monarchs in Europe, kings and queens in England before 1600 were more powerful. less powerful. more democratic. less interested in ruling.

less powerful.

The samurai code of honor, bushido, valued what characteristic above all else? bravery persistence loyalty respect

loyalty

The term Anglo-Saxon refers to people who migrated into England from Germanic regions of Europe. practiced the Muslim religion. lived in Normandy and conquered England in 1066. spread the Roman Empire into England.

migrated into England from Germanic regions of Europe.

During the Scientific Revolution, both Copernicus and Galileo opposed a new theory of the universe related to the motion of Earth and other planets. opposed the study of the sun, moon, and stars because it was considered heresy. supported a theory of the universe that contradicted the teachings of the Catholic Church. supported the geocentric theory in opposition to the beliefs of most Christians at the time.

supported a theory of the universe that contradicted the teachings of the Catholic Church.

What caused Europe's population to increase, to provoke its interest in trade, and provided its population with large amounts of gold and silver? the Commercial Revolution the Columbian Exchange the Triangular Trade the mercantilism economy

the Columbian Exchange

What brought an end to Islam's Golden Age? Muhammad's death Justinian's rule the Umayyad Dynasty the Mongol invasion

the Mongol invasion

What brought an end to the Qin Dynasty? the death of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi the construction of the Great Wall the decrease in trade and agricultural production the creation of roads and irrigation systems

the death of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi

Read this introduction to an argumentative essay. On election day, voters can go to the polls and cast their vote, or stay away and let others decide. In some countries, voters do not have that choice; they must go to the polls or face serious consequences. A compulsory voting law would require all citizens to cast a vote, but it would not require them to cast an informed vote. As a result, a compulsory voting law should not be passed in the United States because it would be bad for the electoral process. Which states the main argument of the essay? the first sentence the second sentence the third sentence the fourth sentence

the fourth sentence

The city of Jerusalem was significant to Muslims because it was the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon. a symbol of Islam due to their pope residing there. the place where Muhammad was said to have ascended to heaven. the place where Muhammad founded the Muslim religion.

the place were Muhammad was said to have ascended to heaven.

Who was at the top of the hierarchy in medieval European society? the monarchs the nobility the pope the clergy

the pope

What key power did the British Parliament hold by 1600? the power to tax the power to choose a king the power to try those accused of crimes the power to declare war

the power to tax