World History Chapter 11

How did the Maya deal with people that they captured?

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The ___ lived in the Southwest, in present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado.

Anasazi

After the Incan emperor died from smallpox, which of his sons won the battle for his throne?

Atahuallpa

The origins of the ___ are uncertain.

Aztec

Many scholars believe that groups of people from Asia came to North America on a land bridge that once crossed the ___.

Bering Strait

At the site of ___, near the modern city of East St. Louis, Illinois, archaeologists found a burial mound over 98 feet high with a base larger than that of the Great Pyramid in Egypt.

Cahokia

___ is the oldest major city in the Americas.

Caral

The Spanish force that arrived at Tenochtitlan was commanded by Hernan ___.

Cortes

___ was the conqueror of the Aztec.

Cortes

___ was the capital of the Incan Empire.

Cuzco

___ was the conqueror of the Inca capital.

Francisco Pizarro

An alliance of five groups of Native Americans called the Iroquois League led to the ___.

Great Peace

Around 1000 B.C., farming villages appeared in the Eastern Woodlands, the land in eastern North America from the Great lakes to the ___.

Gulf of Mexico

The ___ were peoples of the Ohio River valley, who extended their culture along the Mississippi River.

Hopewell

The kingdom of Chimor was destroyed by people who created an even more spectacular empire - the ___.

Inca

The emperor of the Inca was believed to be descended from the sun god ___.

Inti

___ settled along the tundra region, the treeless land south of the Arctic.

Inuits

The ___ lived in villages that consisted of longhouses surrounded by a wooden fence.

Iroquois

The Great Peace created ___.

Iroquois League

The supreme god of the Mayans was ___.

Itzamna

Groups of Anasazi formed a large community at ___, where they built a remarkable series of cliff dwellings.

Mesa Verde

___ is the name given to the areas of Mexico and Central America that were civilized before the Spaniards arrived.

Mesoamerica

The Aztecs established their capital on the site of the present-day city of ___.

Mexico City

Pottery, among other things, shows that the ___, like peoples in Central America, led lives centered around warfare.

Moche

___ was an advanced civilization near the Pacific coast, not far south of the border of Ecuador.

Moche

___ was the Aztec monarch who initially welcomed the Spaniards.

Montezuma

The ___ civilization is the oldest known Mesoamerican civilization.

Olmec

The ___ farmed the muddy riverbanks in the hot and swampy lowlands along the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz.

Olmec

The Incan leader who expanded the empire in the 1440's was ___.

Pachacuti

Explain the factors that led to the conquest of the Inca.

Pizarro landed in South America with unseen weapons. his men brought smallpox, which killed many Incans. The Emperor died, Pizarro executed his son who was about to take over, and Pizarro captured the Incan capital and established a new capital- Lima.

The ___ were peoples who had many uses for the buffalo.

Plains Indians

___ was the heart of Anasazi civilization at Chaco Canyon.

Pueblos Bonito

What was the language taught to the people conquered by the Inca?

Quechua

___ was the Aztec god who took the form of a feathered serpent.

Quetzalcoatl

The Mayans created a sophisticated writing system based on hieroglyphs, which ___.

Spanish conquerors made no effort to decipher, decided instead to burn the books

The Aztec capital, ___ was built on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco.

Tenochtitlan

The first major city in Mesoamerica was ___, or "Place of the Gods."

Teotihuacan

Some scholars believe that urban centers such as ___ (in present-day Guatemala) may have had a hundred thousand inhabitants.

Tikal

The ___controlled the upper Yucatan Peninsula from their capital at Chichen Itza.

Toltec

Machu Picchu was built on a lofty hilltop far above the ___ River.

Urbamba

Far to the east of Teotihuacan, on the ___, another major civilization had arisen.

Yucatan Peninsula

Machu Picchu was ___.

a city built by the Inca and serves as the finest example of Incan architecture

The Anasazi peoples used stone and ___ (sun-dried brick) to build ___, multi-storied structures that could house many people.

adobe pueblos

Describe the impact of the Great Peace.

an alliance between the five groups called the Iroquois League. Created a Council to have a peaceful way to deal with problems between the tribes

Each Iroquois group was made up of ___, groups of related families.

clans

The Hopewell peoples are especially known for ___.

elaborate earth mounds

After conquering the Incan capital of Cuzco, Pizarro ___.

established a new capital at Lima

The Plains Indians used the buffalo for ___?

food clothing tools shelters

Describe the importance of forced labor to the Incan society.

great builders, built a system of roads (needed reliable source of labor), and instituted forced labor

Since the Inca lacked a writing system, they kept records using a system of knotted strings called the ___.

guipu

One of the factors that contributed to the downfall of both the Inca and the Aztec empires was their ___ that the Spanish brought with them from Europe.

lack of natural immunity to diseases

A ___ was an Iroquois home.

longhouse

Around 1000, the people in Ecuador were growing a type of corn called ___.

maize

What were the expectations for girls and women in Incan society?

marry in own social group, take care of children, and make clothe. They could also be chosen young to serve as priestess in the temple.

Describe the role of women in Aztec society.

midwives told male infants that their place was run in the home because they were warriors and told female infants just the opposite that their place was in the home. Women in Aztec society were not equal to men but were allowed to own and inherit property and enter into contracts. They were expected to work in the home: weave, and raise children. They were also allowed to become priestesses.

The Hopewell people in the Ohio River valley are also known as the ___.

mound builders

The Mayan civilization was ___.

not treated the same. Ordinary solders who were captured in battle became slaves. Captured nobles and war leaders were used for human sacrifice

The Grand Council, an experiment in democracy, was ___.

possibly used by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 as a model for a Plan of Union for the British Colonies

The Aztec practiced human sacrifice in order to ___.

propose the day of reckoning

The Mayans used two different systems for measuring time: a ___ calendar and a sacred calendar.

solar

By stretching buffalo skins over wooden poles, they made circular tents called ___.

tepees

The Aztec initially accepted the Spanish because ___.

they took the cross on the Spaniard breastplate to be the sign that Quetzalcoatl was returning

The Aztec ruler supported local lords in their authority in return for ___, goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors.

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