World History Chapter 16 Section Two

Edict of Nantes

-To protect Protestants, in 1598 he issued the Edict of Nantes granting the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms. -he then sets out to repair France. -In 1685 King Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes allowing persecution of Huguenots, he felt they were not loyal.

Huguenots

-In 1685 King Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes allowing persecution of Huguenots, he felt they were not loyal. -from the 1560s to the 1590s, religious wars between the Catholic majority and French Protestants called Huguenots tore France apart. -leaders on both sides used the strife to further their own ambitions. -on August 24, 1572, while Huguenot and Catholic nobles were gathered for a royal wedding, a plot by Catholic royals led to the massacre of 3,000 Huguenots. -for many, this massacre symbolized the complete breakdown of order in France. -in 1589, a Huguenot prince inherited the French throne as Henry IV. To protect Protestants, in 1598 he issued the Edict of Nantes granting the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

-King Louis XIV's brilliant finance minister. -imposed mercantilist policies to bolster the economy. -had new lands cleared for farming, encouraged mining and other basic industries, and built up luxury trades such as lacemaking. -put high tariffs on imported goods to protect French manufacturers. -fostered overseas colonies, such as New France in North America and several colonies in India, and regulated trade with the colonies to enrich the royal treasury. -his policies helped make France the wealthiest state in Europe. -however, not even the financial genius of Colbert could produce enough income to support the huge costs of Louis's court and his many foreign wars.

Versailles

-Louis decides to build a great royal palace to show off his power -He turns his hunting lodge of Versailles into the great symbol of his power -Versailles becomes the out magnificent building in Europe -No expense is spared and it takes twenty-seven years to build -10,000 people can live in the palace at a time. -He invites French nobles to live at Versailles and partake in many ceremonies that prove his power (levee) -Other European rulers will emulate Louis's court; French manners are copied all across Europe.

Henry IV

-in 1589, a Huguenot prince inherited the French throne as Henry IV. -To protect Protestants, in 1598 he issued the Edict of Nantes granting the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms. -for four years he fought against fierce Catholic opposition to gain control of France. -he then converted to Catholicism. -In 1685 King Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes allowing persecution of Huguenots, he felt they were not loyal. -in 1610, he was killed by an assassin and his nine-year old son, Louis XIII, inherited the throne.

Cardinal Richelieu

-in 1624 AD, Louis XIII appointed Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister. -this leader devoted the next eighteen years to strengthening the central government. -sought to destroy the power of the Huguenots and nobles which were two groups that did not bow to royal authority. -although he allowed the Huguenots to practice their religion, he smashed their walled cities and outlawed their armies. -he defeated the private armies of the nobles and destroyed their fortified castles. -he tied the nobles to the king by giving them high posts at court or in the royal army. -he also handpicked his able successor, Cardinal Mazarin. -he died in 1642 AD.

"L'Etat Ces't Moi"

-means "I am the state" -King Louis XIV is often quoted saying this. -he took the sun as a symbol of his absolute power, making him the Sun King. -thus, he endorsed that the Sun King stands at the center of the nation.

Louis XIV

In 1649 AD, an uprising of nobles and peasants called the Fronde breaks out. -11 year old king Louis XIV is driven from his palace by the mob......declares he will never allow this to happen again. -Follows in the footsteps of his great grandfather Philip II by becoming one of the greatest absolute monarchs of his time -Takes the sun as his symbol of absolute power -Refuses to recall the Estates-General which had been dissolved since 1614......."L'etat c'es moi" (I am the State) -Louis XIV rules for fifty-four years, dies in 1715 -Appoints royal agents to govern the provinces -Expands the bureaucracy giving most positions to wealthy middle class men -Builds a huge private army of 300,000 professional soldiers. -In 1685 he revokes the Edict of Nantes allowing persecution of Huguenots, he felt they were not loyal. -Appoints Jean Colbert to run the economy -Louis decides to build a great royal palace to show off his power -He turns his hunting lodge of Versailles into the great symbol of his power -Versailles becomes the out magnificent building in Europe -No expense is spared and it takes twenty-seven years to build -10,000 people can live in the palace at a time. -He invites French nobles to live at Versailles and partake in many ceremonies that prove his power (levee) -Other European rulers will emulate Louis's court; French manners are copied all across Europe.