World History Chapter 8 Test

Who was the first declared emperor of Rome?

Augustus (Octavian) Caesar

Who was Rome's first emperor and when did he begin his rule?

Augustus Caesar and in 27BCE

Who reigned in 161 AD?

Marcus Aurelius

With whom did Octavian fight with for control of Rome during the Second Triumvirate?

Mark Antony

What happened to Mark Antony?

Married Cleopatra and then challenged the rule of Rome, and lost the battle of Actium.

What type of government did Rome have, after they threw out their king?

Republic

These people taught the Romans how to build roads and buildings. They also influenced the way Romans dressed and organized their army. Who were they?

The Etruscans

A group of 9000 soldiers whose job was to guard the emperor

The Praetorian Guard

How were the Romans able to defeat Hannibal?

The Romans attacked Carthage, Hannibal's home.

Which famous River did Julius Caesar cross?

The Rubicon

Who was Caesar NOT very popular with?

The Senate

How did the Greeks influence the Romans?

Through art, architecture, religion, government, and writing

Rome began as a small farming village by a river called . . .

Tiber

What were major characteristics that would describe the Pax Romana period?

It lasted 200 years, and its identified with increased and sub stained inner hegemonial peace and stability in expansion and revolts (not meaning wars)

Who reigned in 47 BC?

Julius Caesar

Who was the leader of the Gauls during the Battle of Alesia?

Julius Caesar

what are the 3 characteristics of Roman Republic?

1. Oligarchy by rule 2. Citizens participate in government 3. Included several assemblies of the people

What are the 3 characteristics of Roman Empire?

1. emperor controls the government 2. Leaders chose their successors 3. Leaders took power from the senate

What was the name of Rome's earliest written laws?

12 tablets

What does Republic mean?

A form of government with elected leaders.

How long did the Pax Romana last?

200 years

Carthage was located in

Africa

Who reigned in 27 BC?

Caesar Augustus

What happened on the Ideas of March?

Caesar was assassinated

Which Roman emperor made his horse a senator and declared war on Poseidon?

Caligula

Which city did the Punic Wars destroy?

Carthage

Which group did the Romans fight during the Punic Wars in order to control the Mediterranean region?

Carthaginian (Punic) empire

Last ruler of the Macedonian Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, had a relationship with Caesar and married his general, Mark Antony.

Cleopatra

With whom did Mark Antony have a love affair with and where was she from?

Cleopatra from Alexandria, Egypt

These TWO members of the Roman government commanded the army and directed the city's government.

Consuls

Which member of the First Triumviritr died in 53 B.C. and ended the three-person rule?

Crassus

Who was NOT a part of the Second Triumvirate?

Crassus

Who gave the Ronan's their style of dress?

Estruscans

What title was given to Octavian by the Senate?

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus

What area of land does Caesar conquer, making him famous enough to become Dictator? Hint: its in modern-day France.

Gaul

How did Augustus change the system of governing the Roman provinces?

Giving the emperor the ability to assign legates to govern the province and to overrule the goveners chosen by the senate

Under Emeperor _____________, Romans built an 84 mile wall to protect Roman controlled England from the barbarian tribes of Scotland

Hadrian

Which emperor famously built a wall in Britain?

Hadrian

What famous general invaded the Italian peninsula during the Punic wars?

Hannibal

Who was the leader of the Carthaginians during the 2nd Punic War?

Hannibal

Why did the Senate not like Julius Caesar?

He was getting too popular and powerful

Which Roman emperor is responsible for using Christians as candles for his garden parties and forcing them to fight lions in the Colosseum?

Nero

Who reigned in 54 AD?

Nero

Who were considered the five good emperors of the second century, during the Pax Romana period?

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Pius, Aurelius

When Antony and Octavian divided the Roman lands, Octavian took the (east or west) and Antony took the (east or west).

Octavian took the west and Antony took the east

Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate?

Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus

What is the term for the dominant male head of the family?

Paterfamilias

What were wealthy landowners called who made up Rome's ruling class?

Patricians

Who are wealthy landowners?

Patricians

who is eligible for the Senate?

Patricians

What commoners such as artisans shopkeepers, and owners of small farms were called

Plebeians

Who are small farmers and merchants?

Plebeians

Who is the council of plebs?

Plebian

Who did Julius Caesar defeat in a civil war before being named dictator?

Pompey

Who were the members of the First Triumvirate?

Pompey Magnus, Marcus Crassus, and Julius Caesar

When both Pompey and Julius Caesar fought for control of Rome, what was the outcome?

Pompey was killed and Caesar became the Roman dictator.

What does "Pax Romana" mean?

Roman Peace

What was the Pax Romana?

Roman Peace

Who were the two main characters in the story that tells the beginnings of Rome?

Romulus & Remus

What river did Caesar cross when he invaded Italy; today this event is used as a figure of speech?

Rubicon

Who was the Thracian gladiator that lead the rebellion against Rome but was defeated 2 years later by Crassus?

Spartacus

What philosophy did Marcus Aurelius practice?

Stoicism

This emperor is credited with the single largest territorial expansion in Roman History.

Tajan

What was the name of the final battle between Marc Antony and Octavion

The Battle of Actium

What river served as the northernmost border between Rome and the Germanic hordes? What about the border between Gaul and Germany?

The Danube, and then the Rhine River

Prior to Caesar Augustus, Roman legions were loyal to...

The generals that paid them

How was the Romans physical location beneficial?

The mountains and hills protected the Romans and the Tiber River was helpful for trade and farming

Which Roman emperor is responsible for expanding the Roman Empire to it's largest size?

Trajan

Who reigned in 98 AD?

Trajan

This type of political alliance was created to allow three people to rule Rome at a time. This kept any one person from becoming too powerful.

Triumvirate

Who owed military service?

both patricians and plebeians

Who pays taxes?

both patricians and plebeians

What role did the consuls play in Ancient Rome?

Would serve as the highest law maker

What does imperator mean?

commander in chief

Antonin Pius expanded Roman access to fresh drinking water through the construction of ______________

aqueducts

What animal did Hadrian use to invade Italy?

elephants

Gaul was a region in what modern day country?

france

Term for commander in chief ( latin origin of emperor) of Rome...

imperator

Where did Tiberius move the imperial palace to?

island of Capri

What does "crossing the Rubicon" mean today?

making a decision you can't take back