World History Final Study Guide
History's greatest naval invasion occurred on June 6, 1944, when the Allies landed in Normandy
A. True
Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to follow through with his promise of peace, despite its harsh terms for Russia. a. True b. False
A. True
The removal of Khrushchev occurred in a. 1953. b. 1964. c. 1976. d. 1985. e. 1991.
B. 1964
The beginning of Napoleon's downfall came in 1812 with his invasion of ________. a. Spain b. Portugal c. Russia d. Great Britain e. Sweden
C. Russia
Which of the following was not characteristic of Napoleon's Grand Empire? a. Absolute freedom of the press. b. Loss of privilege by nobility and clergy. c. Equality of opportunity with offices open to talent. d. Equality before the law. e. Religious toleration.
a. Absolute freedom of the press.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, a. a Frenchman built the Suez Canal, but it ultimately came under British control. b. British General Charles Gordon restored Egyptian rule in Sudan with his Sikh-Gurkha army. c. Tunisia came under the total domination of Berber rebels. d. the Turks took control of Tripoli from the Italians. e. France occupied the island of Taiwan.
a. a Frenchman built the Suez Canal, but it ultimately came under British control.
In early November 1917, Lenin's Bolsheviks a. staged the Sverdlovsk Massacre in Kiev. b. killed the tsar. c. successfully took power from the Provisional Government in a coup. d. established the White army. e. created the Council of Soviets.
c. successfully took power from the Provisional Government in a coup.
Marxist revisionists believe that a. violent revolution was inevitable. b. the bourgeoisie would inevitably triumph. c. were advocates of revolutionary socialism. d. workers should organize mass political parties. e. revolution would be led by the peasants.
d. workers should organize mass political parties.
The Provisional Government that took power after the tsar abdicated was headed by A. Alexander Kerensky B. V.I. Lenin C. Joseph Stalin D. Leon Trotsky
A. Alexander Kerensky
The British officer T.E. Lawrence focused his campaigns on inciting colonial rebellion by A. Arabs against Ottomans B. Armenia against Ottomans C. Zanzibar against Germany D. Galicia against Russia
A. Arabs against Ottomans
The individual who argued that his main purpose was the extension of the British Empire was A. Cecil Rhodes B. David Livingstone C. Albert Sarraut D. Muhammad Ali Jinna
A. Cecil Rhodes
Who spoke about the doctrine of justification by faith? a. Martin Luther. b. Ignatius Loyola. c. Desiderius Erasmus. d. Albrecht Durer. e. John Calvin.
A. Martin Luther
Napoleon was sent into exile after _____ was captured in March 1814 a. Paris b. London c. Moscow d. Venice e. Madrid
A. Paris
After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British gave precedence to Gurkhas and Sikhs as the main fighting force of India's colonial army. a. True b. False
A. True
Among the other civilian casualties in World War I were one million Armenians who were systematically killed by the Turkish government. a. True b. False
A. True
Continuous, self-sustaining economic growth came to be accepted as a fundamental part of the new economy begun by the Industrial Revolution. a. True b. False
A. True
Descartes became famous for his statement in Discourse on Method, "I think, therefore I am." a. True b. False
A. True
During England's Commonwealth era of the 1650s, Oliver Cromwell ruled as a military dictator. a. True b. False
A. True
France's revolutionary army was an important step in the creation of modern nationalism. a. True b. False
A. True
In order to protect their investment in the Suez Canal, the British established an informal protectorate in Egypt that lasted until World War I. a. True b. False
A. True
In the Enlightenment, many intellectuals argued that women were by nature inferior to men. a. True b. False
A. True
Isaac Newton was an inspiration for the Enlightenment in his contention that the world and everything in it worked like a giant machine. a. True b. False
A. True
Martin Luther did not seem himself as a revolutionary innovator or a heretic. a. True b. False
A. True
Oliver Cromwell and the rest of the New Model Army were mostly extreme Puritans. a. True b. False
A. True
The Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but granted Huguenots the right to worship. a. True b. False
A. True
The Great Leap Forward resulted in the deaths of perhaps fifteen million people because of starvation. a. True b. False
A. True
The Second Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women, particularly in service or white-collar jobs a. True b. False
A. True
The actions of working-class women helped spark revolution in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. a. True b. False
A. True
The early years of the administration of President Ronald Reagan witnessed a return to the harsh rhetoric of the Cold War. a. True b. False
A. True
The issue that drove Luther to writing his Ninety-Five Theses was the selling of indulgences. a. True b. False
A. True
The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the a. invasion of Silesia. b. near bankruptcy of the French Treasury. c. grievances of the French peasantry. d. discontent in the French colonies. e. Louis XVI's demand for more power.
B) near bankruptcy of the French Treasury.
The leader of the Congress of Vienna was a __________ foreign minister, Prince Klemens von Metternich. a. Swedish b. Austrian c. German d. British e. Russian
B. Austrian
Afrikaners were black African opponents of the Dutch Boers in South Africa. a. True b. False
B. False
After the defeat of the People's Liberation Army in 1948, Mao Zedong retreated to the north, where he established a new capital in Manchuria. A. True B. False
B. False
At the Yalta Conference, in February 1945, Franklin Roosevelt informed the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin that the United States had successfully tested an atomic bomb. a. True b. False
B. False
At the first Battle of the Marne, French troops were driven back and German forces occupied Paris. a. True b. False
B. False
Due to post-war economic growth, the great majority of women retained their jobs after World War I. a. True b. False
B. False
Great Britain depended almost entirely upon foreign investment to support its Industrial Revolution at the beginning. a. True b. False
B. False
Greece achieved its independence from the Austrian Empire in 1830. a. True b. False
B. False
Hitler's ability to gain followers for the Nazi party was largely based on his prestigious position within the government. a. True b. False
B. False
In 1975, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. a. True b. False
B. False
In the geocentric universe model, the earth revolves around the sun. a. True b. False
B. False
In the nineteenth century, "legitimate trade" unfortunately still included the African slave trade. a. True b. False
B. False
More than 75% of those accused of witchcraft in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were young, unmarried women. a. True b. False
B. False
Socialist Realism was an artistic movement that allowed criticism of problems within the Soviet system in the "cultural thaw" of Khrushchev A. True B. False
B. False
The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia began with mass protesters in the streets in March of 1917, led by women chanting "Peace and Bread" A. True B. False
B. False
The Enlightenment argued that the Scientific Method did not apply to human understanding, which could only be achieved through intuitive thinking. a. True b. False
B. False
The Marshall Plan was a military alliance directed against Soviet aggression. a. True b. False
B. False
The major advocate of predestination was Martin Luther. a. True b. False
B. False
The Eastern European state that gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 was a. Serbia. b. Greece. c. Bosnia. d. Romania. e. Bulgaria.
B. Greece
One of Napoleon's first domestic policies was to establish peace with __________. a. the peasants b. the Catholic Church c. the upper class d. the soldiers e. the Buddhists
B. The Catholic Church
Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain began sometime after _______. a. 1650 b. 1700 c. 1750 d. 1800 e. 1850
C. 1750
At the age of ___, Napoleon was made a brigadier general by the Committee of Public Safety. a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30 e. 35
C. 25
This contemporary Chinese artist challenged the authority of the government and was taken into custody on charges of tax evasion A. Ding Ling B. Mo Yan C. Ai Wei-Wei D. Yu Hua
C. Ai Wei-Wei
In 1796, Napoleon commanded the French armies in ____. a. France b. Austria c. Italy d. Germany e. Greece
C. Italy
Which nation's Supreme Council unilaterally declared its independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990? a. Estonia b. Latvia c. Lithuania d. Moldavia e. Finland
C. Lithuania
From 1805 to 1807, Napoleon's Grand Army defeated armies in all of the following countries EXCEPT a. Austria. b. Prussia. c. Russia. d. Italy. e. all of these are correct
C. Russia
Newton's Principia a. placed the earth at the center of the universe. b. rejected the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. c. mathematically disproved the universal law of gravitation. d. supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. e. proved that Luther was correct regarding salvation by faith.
D) supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo.
Napoleon became consul in ______. a. 1853 b. 1534 c. 1702 d. 1799 e. 1693
D. 1799
Napoleon's empire consisted of the following parts: a. the French Empire b. dependent states c. allied states d. all of the above e. none of the above
D. All of the above
The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism, was a. John of Ockham. b. Martin Luther. c. John Calvin. d. Desiderius Erasmus. e. Ulrich Zwingli.
D. Desiderius Erasmus
The Boers were predominantly of what ethnic background? a. Zulu b. English c. Welsh d.Dutch e. Khoisan
D. Dutch
Which country was not part of the Congress of Vienna? a. Great Britain b. Austria c. Prussia d. Germany e. Russia
D. Germany
As a direct result of the French Revolution, this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism. a. Ecuador. b. Brazil. c. Nicaragua. d. Haiti. e. Puerto Rico.
D. Haiti
Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from A. Scurvy B. Diphtheria C. Sleeping sickness D. Malaria
D. Malaria
The Congress of Vienna established ______ states in Italy. a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8 e. 9
E. 9
In 1918, Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia gave up all of the following except a. the Baltic states. b. eastern Poland. c. Finland. d. the Ukraine. e. Muscovy.
E. Muscovy
After the death of Henry VIII, under Edward VI England became more a. Catholic. b. Lutheran. c. republican. d. Calvinist. e. Protestant.
E. Protestant
The early years of the __________ administration witnessed a return to the harsh rhetoric, if not all of the harsh practice of the Cold War. a. Kennedy b. Johnson c. Nixon d. Ford e. Reagan
E. Reagan
__________, after his election, referred to the Soviet Union as an "evil empire." a. Kennedy b. Johnson c. Nixon d. Ford e. Reagan
E. Reagan
Which of the following was not a result of the brief 1866 war between Austria and Prussia? a. A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans. b. Austria was no longer a major participant in German affairs. c. Bismarck organized the north German states in the North German Confederation. d. The south German states signed military agreements with Prussia. e. The development of unified German strength began to worry the French
a. A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans.
Which of these was NOT a reform pursued by Luther? a. Clerical celibacy b. A national church in Germany c. New religious services, including Bible reading and preaching d. A married Protestant clergy e. Salvation by faith
a. Clerical celibacy
Which of the following was not true about Mussolini's Fascist rule in Italy? a. It gave him total control over all aspects of Italian life. b. It never achieved the totality of power in repression and media control that Germany did. c. It tried to involve all Italian youth in a program of indoctrination, but achieved only limited success. d. It maintained a program of traditional values in regard to women, and mutual acceptance and coexistence with the Catholic Church. e. It was strongly supported by business and large landlord groups.
a. It gave him total control over all aspects of Italian life.
Stalin's desire for sole control of the decision making led to his first purges of a. Old Bolsheviks. b. peasants. c. Stakhanovites. d. Rightist party members. e. non-Communist doctors.
a. Old Bolsheviks.
Which of the following did not play a crucial role in making Britain the site of the first Industrial Revolution? a. Over ninety-five percent of the population was literate. b. A surplus of food gave its people extra buying power to purchase manufactured products. c. Its increased population served as a labor source for the nation's new factories. d. British manufacturers were willing to accept and seek new methods of manufacturing. e. Britain had, and was able to improve upon, an already adequate transport system.
a. Over ninety-five percent of the population was literate.
The first steam-powered locomotive was pioneered by a. Richard Trevithick. b. Elihu Babbage. c. James Watt. d. George Stephenson. e. Edmund Cartwright.
a. Richard Trevithick
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution a. enabled Mao to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward. b. attempted to use conservative party members to "cleanse" China of "impure socialist elements." c. created an academically more demanding curriculum in schools which stressed cogent thought and scientific training. d. fostered literacy in rural China. e. was directed mainly against middle-class Soviet technicians working in China.
a. enabled Mao to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward.
The most visible social impact of total war was a. incorporation of women into professional positions. b. coordinated propaganda literature to boost public morale. c. war mobilization of soldiers and civilians. d. an end to unemployment. e. widespread use of volunteer efforts for the Red Cross.
a. incorporation of women into professional positions.
Which of the following statements about the witchcraft craze in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is FALSE? a. it was exclusively an urban phenomenon. b. most of those accused of being witches were female. c. the hysteria surrounding the accusations of witchcraft led to as many as 100,000 witch trials. d. the unsettling nature of the times served to feed the frenzy over witchcraft allegations. e. the witchcraft hysteria was declining by the mid-1600s.
a. it was exclusively an urban phenomenon.
Leonid Brezhnev a. valued stability above all, blocking significant attempts to deal with economic/social problems. b. greatly increased the funding for new agricultural areas in Kazakhstan and Mongolia. c. sharply reduced the powers of the KGB and Interior Ministry. d. was the first to finally break with Stalinism and to conciliate the Czech regime. e. was a sincere admirer of the policies of Nikita Khrushchev.
a. valued stability above all, blocking significant attempts to deal with economic/social problems.
Mussolini became prime minister of Italy a. when King Victor Emmanuel, reacting to Fascist intimidation, appointed him. b. because the Fascio di Combattimento won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. c. after groups of squadristi destroyed the socialist opposition to Fascist rule. d. when he mounted a violent coup d'état and seized control of the government. e. after he made an alliance with the Bolshevik government of Russia.
a. when King Victor Emmanuel, reacting to Fascist intimidation, appointed him.
The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was a. John McDonald. b. Adam Smith. c. Robert Walpole. d. Robert Burns. e. Lord Gordon Brown.
b. Adam Smith
The radical Serbian group that assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the a. People's Will. b. Black Hand. c. National Socialists. d. Social Democrats. e. Black Shirt Brigade.
b. Black Hand.
The ____ legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France. a. Council of Trent b. Edict of Nantes c. Treaty of Tordesillas d. Peace of Augsburg e. Peace of Constance
b. Edict of Nantes
Who "laid the egg that Luther hatched"? a. Machiavelli b. Erasmus c. Gutenberg d. Calvin e. England's Henry VIII
b. Erasmus
Although John Calvin was born in ____, he spent most of his public life in ____. a. Germany; France b. France; Switzerland c. Switzerland; Austria d. Belgium; Germany e. the Netherlands; Austria
b. France; Switzerland
Which of the following was not a provision the Treaty of Versailles required Germany to follow? a. It had to reduce its army to 100,000. b. It did not have to take full responsibility for starting the war if it agreed to land concessions. c. It had to return Alsace and Lorraine to France. d. Certain German land was established as a demilitarized zone and stripped of armaments and fortifications. e. It had to pay reparations to Allied governments.
b. It did not have to take full responsibility for starting the war if it agreed to land concessions.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the totalitarian state in the 1930s? a. It was democratic and championed individualism and democratic freedoms. b. It was an all-compassing, authoritarian dictatorship that subordinated individual needs, and employed police power and mass propaganda to achieve total control. c. It limited its authoritarian dictates to the political and economic aspects of the state's affairs, in an effort to have freer social and cultural choices serve as means of placating the masses. d. It wanted the masses to keep quiet and not obstruct state policy. e. It depended upon the appeasement policies of the Eastern democracies.
b. It was an all-compassing, authoritarian dictatorship that subordinated individual needs, and employed police power and mass propaganda to achieve total control.
What is true of the European witch trails? a. All the victims were women. b. Most of the victims were poor. c. Men were only accused if they had been convicted of other crimes. d. The rich could buy their release. e. Only rural populations were targeted.
b. Most of the victims were poor.
Who is considered to be the only military genius of the English Civil War? a. Thomas Cromwell b. Oliver Cromwell c. Charles I d. William of Orange e. Charles II
b. Oliver Cromwell
What was one of the strategies of Louis XIV's controller of general finances to increase the wealth and power of France? a. To lower tariffs on foreign goods imported to France. b. Reject the ideas behind mercantilism. c. Target weaker countries militarily and win plunder. d. To grant subsidies to individuals who established new industries. e. Removed government intervention in economic activities.
b. Reject the ideas behind mercantilism.
The final German offensive was stopped on July 18, 1918 at the a. Battle of Masurian Lakes. b. Second Battle of the Marne. c. Battle of Verdun. d. Battle of Argonne Forest. e. Battle of the Somme.
b. Second Battle of the Marne
At the Yalta Conference, a. De Gaulle demanded equal industrial reparation payments for all victor nations. b. Stalin agreed to "free elections" in Eastern Europe. c. Truman received word of the successful testing of an atomic bomb. d. Churchill made his "Iron Curtain" speech. e. the Truman Doctrine was issued.
b. Stalin agreed to "free elections" in Eastern Europe.
The Blitzkrieg was a. a steady, methodical armed attack that was aimed at achieving an eventual weakening of an enemy. b. a coordinated sudden attack by land and air forces. c. never able to achieve its specific military objectives d. a series of naval attacks that were aimed at blockading enemy ports. e. the use of massed artillery fire and poison gas against enemy fortifications.
b. a coordinated sudden attack by land and air forces.
The worst conditions for the Industrial Revolution were found in a. coal mines b. cotton mills. c. steel production. d. sugar factories. e. the Wedgewood porcelain shops.
b. cotton mills.
The Great Leap Forward a. was an economic success, raising agricultural production fifteen percent in two years. b. created huge rural communes but failed economically. c. was a more conservative approach to land reform. d. was aimed at organizing urban Chinese life. e. produced such success that Mao became deified in China.
b. created huge rural communes but failed economically.
Which of the following was not one of the positive buzzwords of the Enlightenment? a. reason b. divine revelation c. natural law d. hope e. progress
b. divine revelation
The term "legitimate trade" in Africa referred to a. establishing European indirect rule to exploit local commodities. b. engaging in trade for export of natural resources. c. an end-run around the statutes limiting cross-Atlantic slavery. d. beginning commercial development and industrialized infrastructure in conjunction with local rulers. e. imposing colonial protectorates and commercial monopoly agreements.
b. engaging in trade for export of natural resources.
The British cotton manufacturer Robert Owens sought to a. reduce the number of women working in factories. b. establish a socialist utopian working environment. c. establish an eight-hour work day for all workers. d. place a high tariff on imports in order to increase the profits of industrialists. e. prohibit the construction of factories within city limits.
b. establish a socialist utopian working environment.
The Berlin Conference of 1884 a. settled the Boer War that had started in South Africa. b. established guidelines to ease frictions between Europeans over African colonization. c. gave African delegates a voice about the direction of colonial ambition. d. devised a system for collaborative missionary activity in Africa. e. was convened to slow the spread of colonialism in Africa by European powers..
b. established guidelines to ease frictions between Europeans over African colonization.
The New Deal was the attempt by the Roosevelt administration to a. end capitalism and free-market economic activity. b. have the federal government participate more actively in the economy. c. bring socialism to America. d. incarcerate both capitalist and socialist extremists. e. penalize the individuals in America who were profiteering from the financial downturn.
b. have the federal government participate more actively in the economy.
Lyndon Johnson sent more American troops to South Vietnam because a. he wanted to stop the South Vietnamese policy of giving free land to the peasants. b. he believed that the combined forces of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army would have taken over all of Vietnam if he hadn't. c. he wanted to conquer all of Vietnam. d. he planned to establish Vietnam as a staging point for an American military onslaught into China. e. he viewed all of Vietnam as the perfect target for a final Cold War nuclear confrontation.
b. he believed that the combined forces of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army would have taken over all of Vietnam if he hadn't.
The Edict of Nantes a. destroyed Calvinism in France. b. legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France. c. outlawed Calvinism in France. d. permitted Henry IV to continue the French wars of religion. e. declared Lutheranism and Anglicanism to be heresies.
b. legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France.
Muhammad Ali a. was a native-born Egyptian who came to rule his homeland. b. modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions. c. overthrew the Ottoman power in the Middle East. d. reaped great rewards from the construction of the Suez Canal. e. was the first Christian ruler of Egypt since the seventh century.
b. modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions.
To prevent the possible collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British and the French a. declared war on Russia. b. recognized Muhammad Ali as hereditary pasha of Egypt. c. seized control of the Egyptian government. d. orchestrated local Berber revolution to establish a pro-European local rule. e. enacted economic sanctions on any country that would not respect an Egyptian embargo.
b. recognized Muhammad Ali as hereditary pasha of Egypt.
The Boer War a. was caused by German refusal to stop arming the Boers. b. resulted from the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer Transvaal. c. established East Africa as an independent nation. d. settled all animosities between the British and the Afrikaners. e. established the concept of majority rule in South Africa.
b. resulted from the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer Transvaal.
Mao's Little Red Book a. became available only after Deng Xiaoping assumed power. b. superseded all other learning sources during the Cultural Revolution. c. was banned during the Cultural Revolution. d. codified specific scientific theorems and postulates. e. was a secret document which would lead to capitalism in China.
b. superseded all other learning sources during the Cultural Revolution.
This act brought an end to the employment of children under nine years of age in Great Britain. a. the Child Exploitation act of 1830. b. the Factory Act of 1833 c. Brighton's Fair Labour policy. d. the Uniform Working Hours Act. e. the Compassion Act of 1837.
b. the Factory Act of 1833
The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus and Galileo because they a. ended the spirituality of the earth. b. threatened the Scriptures, as the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter. c. was simpler to accept it than to reject its doctrinal challenges. d. conflicted with those of Newton. e. were contrary to the Council of Constance.
b. threatened the Scriptures, as the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter.
In order to become a great power, Hitler believed that Germany needed a. to advance its weapons and technology. b. to acquire more land. c. to make allies with other powerful nations. d. to create highbrow art. e. to build a larger army.
b. to acquire more land.
The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the a. creation of a new religion of sciences. b. use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society. c. application of religious precepts to all knowledge. d. inversion of human development. e. abandonment of reason for the purpose of developing human knowledge.
b. use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.
Napoleon was born in Corsica in ______. a. 1543 b. 1683 c. 1769 d. 1865 e. 1902
c. 1769
Which of the following was not a promise of the Bolsheviks on obtaining power? a. End of the war. b. Redistribution of lands to the peasantry. c. A constitutional monarchy. d. Transfer of industries and factories to worker control. e. Putting soviets in power in place of the Provisional Government.
c. A constitutional monarchy.
The Germans disliked the Versailles Treaty because a. it required them to give up Berlin and Bavaria. b. they saw its "armistice clause" as an encroachment on their national sovereignty. c. Article 231 said that Germany (and Austria) bore sole responsibility for starting the war. d. they were forced to join the League of Nations. e. it guaranteed no more war.
c. Article 231 said that Germany (and Austria) bore sole responsibility for starting the war.
Which of the following nations were created by the 1919 Paris Peace Conference? a. Paraguay and Pakistan b. Pakistan and Bulgaria c. Czechoslovakia and Poland d. Serbia and Greece. e. Finland and Bulgaria.
c. Czechoslovakia and Poland
Mussolini and Hitler joined forces in support of a. Hitler's occupation of Ethiopia. b. Japan's invasion of Nanking. c. Franco's fascist army in the Spanish Civil War. d. annexing Poland. e. occupying Belgium.
c. Franco's fascist army in the Spanish Civil War.
Which king became the traditional example of seventeenth century absolutism? a. Louis XVI. b. James III. c. Louis XIV. d. Charles II. e. Ivan IV.
c. Louis XIV.
The philosopher who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was a. Diderot. b. Voltaire. c. Montesquieu. d. Rousseau. e. Descartes.
c. Montesquieu
Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style? a. the profuse use of strict geometric patterns b. emphasis on largeness and majesty c. a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action d. a rejection of the effort to seek love, joy, and pleasure in favor of religious imagery e. stress on formal order
c. a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
The legacy Louis XIV left to France was a. control, finally, over the foreign trade of the Netherlands. b. a hugely expanded territorial domain. c. a nation that was financially destitute. d. the friendship of the rest of Europe. e. a stronger administrative structure.
c. a nation that was financially destitute.
The Congress of Vienna in 1815 a. was attended by representatives of France, Britain, Italy, and the United States. b. operated in accord with the principles of liberalism. c. agreed to meet periodically to take steps to maintain Europe's peace and stability. d. created the Concert of Europe, an interchange of musicians who presented a gala series of performances, with concerts given in a different capital each year. e. was dominated by Camillo di Cavour.
c. agreed to meet periodically to take steps to maintain Europe's peace and stability.
Churchill's March 1946 speech stated that a. British troops had preemptively seized the Iranian oil fields. b. Britain was on the verge of financial collapse. c. an "iron curtain" had "descended across the Continent." d. Mao Zedong could not be trusted to keep the peace. e. war with the Soviet Union would take place shortly.
c. an "iron curtain" had "descended across the Continent."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau a. was idealistic and honest and never deviated from his promises or commitments. b. argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. c. argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free." d. believed that women were "naturally" different from men. e. both b and c
c. argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."
During the German peasant wars of the 1520s, Martin Luther a. sided with the peasants against an oppressive upper class. b. remained aloof and withdrawn. c. called for the German nobility to use any force necessary to subdue the uprising. d. was still an unknown monk with no political or religious significance. e. personally fought on the side of the peasants.
c. called for the German nobility to use any force necessary to subdue the uprising.
Rene Descartes a. was the developer of algebra. b. had his writings approved by the Church. c. claimed that "I think, therefore I am." d. fled the Dutch Republic for the Holy Roman Empire. e. discovered the moon of Jupiter.
c. claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
In forming the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler a. argued for violent political revolution to implement Communism. b. lobbied a grassroots movement through the German Reichstag c. consciously emulated the tactics employed by Mussolini. d. tried to overthrow the government in Berlin. e. ran for president of the Weimar Republic.
c. consciously emulated the tactics employed by Mussolini.
What foreign policy strategy did George Kennan advocate in a 1947 Foreign Affairs article? a. passive aggression b. synergetic harmonization c. containment d. empiricism e. isolationism
c. containment
Rule in India under the British Raj a. brought even greater disorder and inefficiency in Indian governmental administration. b. gave all Indian peasants approximately fifty-five acres for each family to cultivate as its own, private property. c. established a new school system to educate the children of the Indian elite. d. quickly allowed native Indians to join the highest levels of the colonial administration. e. brought democracy to the subcontinent by 1892.
c. established a new school system to educate the children of the Indian elite.
Which of the following was not one of the reasons that Napoleon was not well liked by his fellow officers? a. he was short b. he spoke with an Italian accent c. he was often drunk d. he had little money e. all of the above
c. he was often drunk
All of the following brought Hitler support in Germany except a. the economic problems created by the Great Depression. b. support of the conservative economic elite which saw him as a bulwark against communism. c. his promise to uphold the Versailles Treaty in spite of its unpopularity. d. his aim to restore Germany's power among the nations of Europe. e. his aim to create a Germany free of class differences.
c. his promise to uphold the Versailles Treaty in spite of its unpopularity.
Under Lenin's New Economic Policy, a. Lenin retired from active political life. b. state requisitions of peasant grain continued. c. individuals were permitted to own small retail stores and peasants to sell their produce. d. the state relinquished control over all heavy industrial operations. e. banks and mines became privately-owned.
c. individuals were permitted to own small retail stores and peasants to sell their produce.
Peter the Great adopted all of these policies EXCEPT a. insisting that the majority of governmental expenditures were for military purposes. b. implementing state domination of the Russian Orthodox church. c. isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe. d. making an effort to modernize Russia. e. strengthening of the power of the tsar
c. isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe.
Ho Chi Minh a. was Mao Zedong's only major rival for leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. b. had concluded an agreement for Vietnamese independence in 1946 with the French, but then became engaged in a civil war against militant Buddhists. c. led a multiparty coalition in an anti-colonialist struggle against the French in the 1940s and early 1950s. d. sought exile in China after his defeat in Vietnam in 1954. e. became a democratic politician in North Viet Nam.
c. led a multiparty coalition in an anti-colonialist struggle against the French in the 1940s and early 1950s.
Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by a. becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. b. being elected as first director of the Directory. c. seizing power in a coup d'etat. d. capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. e. his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII.
c. seizing power in a coup d'etat.
After assuming control of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev's policies a. became much more belligerent than they had been before he replaced Malenkov. b. increased Stalinist repression and freed all political prisoners. c. were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance. d. diminished the spirit of rebellion in the Soviet satellites by promising them complete independence in 1973. e. placed less emphasis on the consumer aspects of the economy.
c. were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance.
Nikita Khrushchev a. was determined to follow in Stalin's path, avoiding even the appearance of innovation. b. was known as "old stone butt" by Western leaders. c. was mocked as "Cottonman" by many Russians. d. Encouraged more freedom for writers. e. praised Stalin at the Thirty-First Party Congress.
d. Encouraged more freedom for writers.
Which of the following was not an impediment to the Industrial Revolution? a. Customs barriers made transportation of goods expensive. b. Continental businessmen were less enterprising than British. c. Poor roads and difficulty with transportation. d. Establishment of technical schools to train mechanics and engineers. e. Businessmen were less willing to take risks in investments.
d. Establishment of technical schools to train mechanics and engineers.
In Mein Kampf, Hitler detailed his movement's underlying ideology, a combination of what factors? a. Traditional racial and gender approaches and extreme German nationalism b. Extreme German nationalism and virulent racism c. Social Darwinian theory of struggle and anticommunism d. Extreme German nationalism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism e. Anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and fascist approaches
d. Extreme German nationalism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism
Using the Schlieffen Plan, a. Germany focused its efforts on Russia. b. France declared war on Austria. c. Italy invaded the Austrian Tyrol. d. Germany invaded France by way of Belgium. e. England declared war on Belgium.
d. Germany invaded France by way of Belgium.
The Russian ruler who first took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was a. Peter the Great. b. Michael Romanov. c. Alexander II. d. Ivan IV. e. Vlad the Impaler.
d. Ivan IV.
The steam engine was developed by a. Edmund Cartwright. b. James Hargreaves. c. Henry Cort. d. James Watt. e. Hans Krieger.
d. James Watt.
As a result of the Glorious Revolution in England a. the Irish gained a number of rights (petition, jury trial, etc.). b. William and Mary were deposed, and James II became the English ruler. c. Parliament enshrined divine right absolutism in England. d. Parliament became a major participant in the running of the English government. e. Oliver Cromwell was driven into exile
d. Parliament became a major participant in the running of the English government
After Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury, a. the English clergy forced him to take her back. b. Pope Clement VII reinstated the marriage. c. Charles V attacked England. d. Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church. e. English monasteries remained intact, in spite of their defiance of Cranmer's actions.
d. Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church
On June 28, 1914, the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated in the Bosnian city of a. Trieste. b. Prague. c. Belgrade. d. Sarajevo. e. Mostar.
d. Sarajevo.
The Nuremberg Laws established the a. process of collectivization. b. ethnic racial homogeneity of Nazi Germany by expelling all Asians. c. institutionalization of an annual kristallnacht celebration at the end of June. d. The legal isolation of German Jews from citizenship and legal rights. e. Nazi renunciation of all anti-Semitic policies in Germany.
d. The legal isolation of German Jews from citizenship and legal rights.
The illegal event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the a. meeting between Quesnay and Adam Smith. b. storming of the Bastille. c. mutiny of the French army. d. action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly. e. revolts of French peasants in the countryside.
d. action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly.
Martin Luther stressed all of these ideas about religion and faith EXCEPT that a. salvation would be achieved through faith. b. the purchase of indulgences would not lead to salvation. c. the German princes should establish a reformed German church. d. acts of good work are the sole source of salvation. e. reading the Bible is important.
d. acts of good work are the sole source of salvation.
The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by a. the traditional hostility between Muslims and the Buddhist majority. b. British tax policies in India. c. British racial policies in India that favored Hindus over the Muslim population. d. animal fat and lard used on paper cartridges for the new Enfield rifle. e. ignoring the requests of Hindu soldiers to respect their dietary needs.
d. animal fat and lard used on paper cartridges for the new Enfield rifle.
The spark that began the Glorious Revolution was the a. execution of Charles I. b. restoration of Charles II. c. declaration of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell. d. birth of a son to James II. e. accession to the throne by Queen Anne.
d. birth of a son to James II.
The French Revolution a. was precipitated by a noble-bourgeois dispute over the best way to deal with the large budgetary surpluses of 1788 and 1789. b. actually had no real impact on either the economic or political status of peasants. c. created no major gains, even temporarily, for women in such areas as divorce and inheritance. d. created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000. e. failed in its attempt to restore divine right monarchy to France.
d. created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000.
Stalin's first two five-year plans a. moved sixty million people from European to Asian Russia. b. transformed Russia into an agricultural country. c. emphasized the production of consumer goods. d. resulted in large increases in the nation's heavy industry and oil production. e. reduced the number of industrial cities in the Urals and Siberia.
d. resulted in large increases in the nation's heavy industry and oil production
A discovery made by Galileo was the a. development of the calculus. b. fallacy of the existence of sunspots and the phases of Venus. c. five moons revolving around Pluto. d. similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth. e. totally flat terrain of the earth's moon.
d. similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth.
Which of the following occurred when Nikita Khrushchev was in power? a. the Berlin Airlift b. the Afghanistan occupation c. the enunciation of the Carter-Khrushchev Accord d. the Twentieth National Congress speech e. the Korean War
d. the Twentieth National Congress speech
An important reason that caused Henry VIII to break with the Roman church was a. his desire to become a Lutheran. b. his plan to develop a distinct English Christianity for nationalistic reasons. c. a dispute between the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Pope in Rome. d. the pope's refusal to grant him a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon. e. his determination to lead a life of monastic celibacy.
d. the pope's refusal to grant him a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon.
The Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 a. brought Mussolini to power. b. was an attempt to seize power in the independent nation of Southern Bavaria. c. brought Hitler to power in Germany. d. was quickly crushed and put Hitler in prison. e. led to the German government exiling Hitler back to his native Austria.
d. was quickly crushed and put Hitler in prison.
The Great Trek of the mid-1830s a. was ordered by the French government. b. took place before the Boers encountered the Zulus. c. was a Zulu march led by their ruler named Shaka. d. was the northeastward advance of the Boers after the British take-over of the Cape Colony. e. took place as a result of Khoisan and Bantu military clashes.
d. was the northeastward advance of the Boers after the British take-over of the Cape Colony.
Which of the following was not characteristic of Soviet society during the Brezhnev years? a. A more restrictive attitude toward dissidents. b. An educational system focusing on rote memorization and political indoctrination. c. Preventing the Soviet people from exposure to harmful foreign ideas, including rock music. d. A restriction of free expression. e. A disregard for law and order.
e. A disregard for law and order.
Under Ronald Reagan, the United States was able to help sustain a Vietnam-like war that long embroiled Soviet forces in a. Angola. b. Uzbekistan. c. Turkmenistan. d. Kazakhstan. e. Afghanistan.
e. Afghanistan.
In the early twentieth century, a flashpoint for major violence was the a. Rhineland. b. German-French border. c. Polish-Russian border. d. Middle East. e. Balkans.
e. Balkans.
Who spoke most about predestination? a. Henry VIII b. Ignatius Loyola c. Desiderius Erasmus d. Albrecht Durer e. John Calvin
e. John Calvin
The Institutes of the Christian Religion, a masterful synthesis of Protestant thought, was written by a. Martin Luther. b. Ignatius Loyola. c. Desiderius Erasmus. d. Albrecht Durer. e. John Calvin.
e. John Calvin.
The European Recovery Program was better known as the a. Five Point Program. b. Stillman Plan. c. Acheson Plan. d. European Community. e. Marshall Plan.
e. Marshall Plan.
Which of the following was not an immediate result of the fall of Robespierre? a. A period of stagnation and corruption ensued. b. The Reign of Terror ended. c. Moderate forces came to control the Revolution. d. A new constitution was written that strove for stability by placing executive authority in the hands of the Directory. e. Napoleon was elected President of France.
e. Napoleon was elected President of France.
Which event did NOT occur in England, during the period of the 1640s to 1660? a. Charles I was executed. b. Charles I antagonized the Puritans in Parliament. c. Oliver Cromwell led his New Model Army to victory over the forces of the king. d. Charles II replaced his executed father on the English throne. e. after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England.
e. after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England.
Enlightenment advocates of laissez faire economics championed the idea that a. urged rulers to guide their societies in rationally determined directions. b. were vigorously opposed by Adams Smith. c. Absolutist rulers could levy whatever taxes were best for the State. d. were led, unofficially, by Montesquieu and ideas contained in his Encyclopedia. e. believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest.
e. believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest.
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, England became a a. republic. b. divine right monarchy. c. federated commonwealth. d. democracy. e. constitutional monarchy.
e. constitutional monarchy.
The Holocaust included all of the following except a. an attempt to increase the efficiency of the Einsatzgruppen units by moving mass murder activities to fixed, "death camp" locations. b. consuming approximately 90 percent of central and eastern Europe's Jewish population. c. the elimination of Gypsies and many others from groups deemed undesirable by the Nazis. d. the murder of millions of forced laborers who died of starvation, overwork, or shooting. e. the establishment of execution camps in France.
e. the establishment of execution camps in France.
The event that allowed Hitler to gain dictatorial powers by "legal" means was a. his Dachau speech. b. the death of President Hindenburg and Hitler's speech at Hindenburg's funeral. c. the Reichstag fire. d. the crushing of the Kiel Mutiny by the SS. e. the passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag.
e. the passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag.