World History ll Midterm Study Guide chapters 17-20

__________ reimposed the hated jizya tax on non-Muslims, which had been abolished by Akbar. a) Khurram b) Aurangzeb c) Muhammad Dara Shikuh d) Gobind Singh

Aurangzeb

The ruler Ewuare was the first to rise to dominance over chiefs (azuma) and assume the title of king (obo) over _________. a) Kongo b) Ethiopia c) Benin d) Chad

Benin

Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop. a) 1525 b) 1546 c) 1501 d) 1517

1517

A four-way struggle broke out among the sons of Shah Jahan upon his death in ________. a) 1627 b) 1605 c) 1707 d) 1657

1657

An estimated __________ Spaniards emigrated from Europe to the Americas between 1500 and 1800. a) 1,000,000 b) 10,000 c) 300,000 d) 30,000,000

300,000

Inconsolable after the loss of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan built a magnificent tomb complex in her honor near _________. a) Kerala b) Calicut c) Lahore d) Agra

Agra

The Jewish community of ___________ excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for heresy, since he seemed to make God immanent in the world. a) Lisbon b) London c) Frankfurt d) Amsterdam

Amsterdam

In "chattel" slavery, the slave is, in legal terms: a) Communally owned by an enslaving state. b) Temporarily contracted to work as a slave. c) An item of moveable personal property. d) Assigned only to agricultural labor.

An item of moveable personal property

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas. a) Their fortunes in overturned coffee grounds b) Royal proclamations encouraging their proliferation c) Daily newspapers d) Humanist Biblical translations

Daily newspapers

The Mughals built fortresses at strategic points throughout their inner domains as well as along the frontier, and the largest was the Red Fort in _______. a) Allahabad b) Kandahar c) Dacca d) Delhi

Delhi

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ________ between the Americas and the rest of the world a) Minerals b) Population c) Diseases d) Ideas

Diseases

The Spanish quest for the mythical ____________ or "golden city" was fruitless. a) Shangri-La b) El Dorado c) El Jefe d) Del Rio

El Dorado

By means of land-labor grants called __________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World. a) Encomiendas b) Haciendas c) Cabildos d) Criollos

Encomiendas

The "conquistadors" Francisco Pizarro, Hernán Cortés, and Alonso Ortíz all originated in the Spanish region of __________. a) Catalonia b) Granada c) Valencia d) Estremadura

Estremadura

Around 1750, there were about 10,000 Boers (Dutch for "_______") in the Cape Colony, easily outnumbered by slaves. a) Whites b) Foreigners c) Farmers d) Masters

Farmers

"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the _______ language). a) Italian b) Portuguese c) French d) Greek

French

Because _________ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars. a) French b) German c) Italian d) Spanish

French

The most successful _________ settlement in North America was in the subtropical district at the mouth of the Mississippi River in what is now Louisiana, where some 300 settlers and 4000 African slaves founded sugar plantations. a) English b) French c) Spanish d) Dutch

French

Despite his appearance in the city in 1536, it was well into the 1550s before John Calvin's form of Protestantism prevailed in __________. a) Vassy b) Geneva c) Paris d) Edinburgh

Geneva

After the defeat of the Songhay, much of the trans-Saharan gold trade was siphoned off by the Portuguese on what became known as the Gold Coast (modern ________). a) Senegal b) Gabon c) Ghana d) Morocco

Ghana

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts. a) Arabic and Latin b) Greek and Roman c) Catholic and Orthodox d) Byzantine and Ottoman

Greek and Roman

By the early seventeenth century, a powerful elite of Spanish who ___________, called Creoles, was in place to assist the Spanish administrators. a) Had accompanied the conquistadors in the 1510s. b) Had joined a specially created Franciscan order of priests. c) Had been born in the Americas. d) Had been brought across the Atlantic to marry the men and produce children.

Had joined a specially created Franciscan order of priests

Although they were under frequent attack by Songhay and Kanem-Bornu during the period 1500-1800, the _________ kingdoms enjoyed periods of independence during which many of the ruling clans converted to Islam. a) Loango b) Hausa c) Dahomey d) São Tomé

Hausa

Aurangzeb spent much of the last two decades of his life campaigning against the _________. a) Safavid Persians b) British in Bengal c) Hindu Marathas d) Remaining members of his family

Hindu Marathas

Akbar married the Rajput princess Manmati, despite her adherence to: a) Hinduism b) Shiite Islam c) Sikhism d) Christianity

Hinduism

In the 1550s, Mughal forces secured the eastern, southern, and western flanks of their lands, anchoring Islam with the territory they called "__________". a) Outer Mughalia b) Hindustan c) India d) Punjab

Hindustan

The unequal relations between Tutsi cattle breeders and ______ farmers froze into a caste system during the nineteenth-century colonial occupation. a) Luo b) Boer c) Malian d) Hutu

Hutu

Jahangir's son Khusrau was forced to watch as his comrades were put to death by ____________. a) Drawing and quartering b) Hanging c) Impalement d) Crucifixion

Impalement

As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of ___________, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day. a) Genesis b) Jonah c) Ezekiel d) Joshua

Joshua

Copernicus began his studies at the University of __________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy. a) Kraków b) Warsaw c) Wittenberg d) Prague

Krakow

The end of the fourteenth century marked the stunning rise of Temur Gurgan, who was widely known from the Persian rendering of his name as Timur the _____. a) Lame b) Bloody c) Son of Genghis d) Rising Sun

Lame

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at __________ in 1535. a) Lima b) Santiago de Chile c) São Paulo d) Cartagena

Lima

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include _____________. a) The Americas b) Lines of latitude c) Wind directions d) Compass lines

Lines of latitude

Isaac Newton's ___________Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences. a) Cartesian b) Mathematical c) Unassailable d) Selected

Mathematical

Leading a motley force of about 530 Spanish men, _________defeated a much larger indigenous force at Tabasco in 1518. a) Francisco Pizarro b) Minas Gerais c) Alonso Ortíz d) Hernán Cortés

Minas Gerais

The resourceful Queen ________ of Ndongo sometimes negotiated with the Portuguese and fought guerilla campaigns against them at others. a) Beatriz Kimpa Vita b) Nzinga c) Askiya d) Khoi

Nzinga

Zahir ud-Din Muhammad was better known by his nickname, Babur, which means "leopard" or "tiger" in __________. a) Turkish b) Mongol c) Persian d) Urdu

Persian

Privateers were individual entrepreneurs who were virtually indistinguishable from: a) Slave traders b) Pirates c) Communal farmers d) Diggers

Pirates

Between 1434 and 1472, through a combination of private and public expeditions, _________ mariners explored the African coast as far east as the Bight of Benin. a) British b) Portuguese c) Spanish d) Dutch

Portuguese

For the English, the acquisition of Bombay (Mumbai) from the _________ in the 1660s gave the British East India Company a superb harbor. a) Mughals b) Portuguese c) French d) Chinese

Portuguese

In the 1540s the Spanish government introduced ___________ called repartimientos, which was a continuation of the mit'a system devised by the Inca for taxation. a) Khipu-calculated tax-tables b) Apartments for young women c) Rotating labor assignments d) Tithe-based church endowments

Rotating labor assignments

In the 1440s, Portuguese mariners raided the West African coast in the __________ region for slaves. a) Senegambia b) Congo c) Angola d) Mozambique

Senegambia

Akbar wore his hair long under his turban like the __________. a) Confucians b) Catholics c) Sikhs d) Sufis

Sikhs

Portuguese colonial cities and Jesuits repeatedly clashed over the ____________ of the "pioneers" (bandeirantes) into the Brazilian interior. a) Slave raids b) Tax evasion c) Scientific discoveries d) Silver mining

Slave raids

Mercantilist economic theory dictates that: a) States should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little and export as much as possible. b) Free and open markets will result in the best result for the largest number. c) Merchants should be in control of all political decisions in the home country. d) People should not be bought and sold like property.

States should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little an export as much as possible

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V. a) Campeche b) Tenochtitlán c) Veracruz d) Tlaxcala

Tenochtitlan

Of the approximately 144,000 estimated Native Americans in New England in 1600, fewer than 15,000 remained by ______. a) 1607 b) 1690 c) 1176 d) 1620

1620

With __________ inhabitants in the sixteenth century, the capital of Kongo, M'banza, was comparable in size to many European cities at the time. a) 1,000,000 b) 100,000 c) 6000 d) 60,000

60,000

A mathematician and assistant of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli experimented with mercury-filled tubes to lay the groundwork for the first ___________. a) Thermometer b) Steam engine c) Barometer d) Telescope

Barometer

On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots. a) Crispin b) Valentine c) Bartholomew d) Louis

Bartholomew