World History Unit 6 Test Fall 2019-2020

Which of the following BEST explains why the growth in world exploration in the 1400s and 1500s helped lead to the Scientific Revolution?

Explorers found new information about the world that went against existing beliefs of the time.

Rousseau stated that power comes from the people during the Enlightenment. What is another term for this?

Popular sovereignty

The Committee of Public Safety guillotined thousands during the _________ (1793-1794)

Reign of Terror

Which event was a defining moment of the Radical Stage of the French Revolution?

the Storming of the Bastille

Which event was MOST influenced by this idea? For in all the states of created beings capable of laws, where there is no law, there is no freedom. —John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690

the political revolutions in America and France

Which goal did these revolutions have in common? American Revolution, 1776 • Goal - overthrew British colonial rule • Outcome- created a republic controlled by the people French Revolution, 1789 • Goal - overthrew British colonial rule • Outcome- created a republic controlled by the people

to eliminate the monarchy

In what ways, did Napoleon reform France?

-Napoleon created the Bank of France and maintained an efficient tax collection system -Church-state relations -Made laws uniform through Napoleonic code -Created schools to prepare men for government and military jobs

Which statement best describes a consequence of Napoleon's failure to understand Russian geography?

A harsh winter cut off his army needed supplies and many starved

By leading to new ways of thinking about the natural world, the Scientific Revolution resulted in many positive consequences. For example, its emphasis on learning through reason, logic, and observation helped inspire a more rational approach to the study of government, politics, and economics. This approach influenced the development of the Enlightenment. Also, the Scientific Revolution helped create new technologies that paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Based on the text, how did the Scientific Revolution affect both the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

Both adopted the scientific approach, which challenged ideas and traditions.

What was a major consequence of the American and French revolutions?

Citizens gained more rights in their government

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France, 1789)• Protected free speech• Promoted religious toleration• Guaranteed due process of law• Claimed that sovereignty resided with the people Which U.S. document MOST influenced the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

Declaration of independence and the Bill of Rights

Enlightment Ideals, Abuses of the Monarchy, Success of the American Revolution were all?

Factors Leading to the French Revolution

Which estate comprised of 0.5% of the population but owned 10% of the land, occupation- lower and higher clergy members, and did not have to pay the main chief tax?

First Estate

Which country's revolution is referred to in these headlines? "Angry mob destroys the Bastille" "Robespierre's Execution Ends the Reign of Terror" "Napoleon seizes power"

France

Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

Giving people natural rights and limiting the power of the government

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette and 15,000 other "enemies of the new Republic" were executed by this device

Guillotine

In the 1600s, which of the following scientists proposed laws of gravity that helped to launch the Scientific Revolution?

Isaac Newton

How does this excerpt demonstrate the influence of the French Revolution on other countries? We have been harassed by a conduct which has not only deprived us of our rights but has kept us in a sort of permanent infancy with regard to public affairs. If we could at least have managed our domestic affairs and our internal administration, we could have acquainted ourselves with the processes and mechanics of public affairs.—Simón Bolívar, The Jamaica Letter, 1815

It helped introduce the idea of political equality.

Why was the Bastille stormed by an angry mob on July 14, 1789?

It was a symbol of oppression for the peasants and they wanted to send the king a strong message

The Declaration of Independence states, "That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it." What Enlightenment thinker influenced the author of the Declaration of Independence to break away from England since their rights (social contract) were NOT being given?

Locke

This philosopher argued for separation of powers and checks and balances. His ideas influenced the framers (creators) of the United States Constitution

Montesquieu

Who actually crowned Napoleon emperor? This was a symbolic gesture of power!

Napoleon (himself)

This Revolutionary Leader brought order and stability to France after the Reign of Terror. He also crowned himself emperor, codified the laws, and implemented the continental system.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon's actions helped fuel the spread of _________- a sense of identity and unity as a people in a nation.

Nationalism

"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. The aim of all political association is the preservation of liberty, property, security, and the resistance to oppression. -Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789

Natural or inalienable rights

The Declaration of Independence put forth the idea that

People had a right to overthrow unjust governments when their natural rights are not met

Francis Bacon, Nicolas Copernicus, Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei all contributed to the

Scientific Revolution

During the Scientific Revolution, the new approach to scientific investigation and discovery was known as _______________

Scientific method

Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three estates based mainly on their

Social class

Which of the following would NOT agree with the heliocentric theory?

The Clergy

What conclusion can be drawn from this political cartoon?

The Third Estate paid heavy taxes that supported the other two groups

The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both

Were inspired by Enlightenment ideas of natural rights

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States?

by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings

According to the Enlightenment philosophe Voltaire, people could BEST understand the world by relying on what source?

human reason

The Reign of Terror wasn't a time characterized by

political tolerance and acceptance of all viewpoints.