World History Unit 9

What was India called after direct rule began there?

"Jewel of the Crown"

What does Meiji mean?

"enlightened rule"

What are the three phases of Marxism?

1. violent workers revolution 2. means of production given to government 3. communism

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

Agricultural Revolution, increased food supply, increased population, available capital, natural resources, many markets, the enclosure act forced many into cities

Why did Great Britain begin trading opium?

China said they had no need for their goods, so Great Britain found something they didn't have: opium

Who approached Japan? What was his goal?

Commodore Matthew Perry; open trade with Japan

How were France and Great Britain different in their Imperialism?

France: direct rule Great Britain: indirect rule

What was the first industrial nation?

Great Britain

Who colonized India?

Great Britain

Who won the Opium Wars?

Great Britain

What were the main reasons for New Imperialism?

Industrialization (for raw materials,) nationalism, racism

How did Industrialization affect Japan?

North America's Industrialization lead to imperialism, leading to Opening Japan's ports, leading to the industrialization of Japan

Who did Marx say the oppressed and oppressors were?

Oppressed: Proletariat Oppressors: Bourgeois

What was the Scramble for Africa?

The rush of Europeans in the 1800s to colonize Africa

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's industry and economy?

Western tech led to growth in economy, became industrialized, need for raw materials increased, large conglomerates monopolized economy

How did people resist colonial rule?

Westernized intellectuals fought for their country with nonviolent approaches

What was a Revisionist?

a Marxist who rejected the revolutionary approach, believing instead in evolution by democratic means to achieve socialism

What was direct rule?

a colonial government in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country

What was indirect rule?

a colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to keep their position of authority and status

What was the Berlin Conference?

a meeting of many European nation to redraw the map of Africa and end the Scamble for Africa

What was a protectorate?

a political unit that on another government for its protection

What caused the Sepoy Rebellion?

a rumor that animal fat was used in cartridges

What is socialism?

a system in which society, usually in the form of government owns/ controls the means of production

What was the factory system?

a system where workers worked in shifts to keep machines going

What was industrial capitalism?

an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing

What was a spinning jenny?

an invention that expedited the spinning process

What is the cycle of industrial capitalism?

capitol ($$$)--> buy stuff (raw materials)--> make stuff (factories are the means of production)--> sell stuff --> capitol($$$)

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's education?

compulsory education extended to 9 years, based mainly off of American, population's literacy became one of the highest in the world

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's military?

created military to protect freedom, defend against attacks, show strength, navy modeled after Great Britain, army after Germany, used to take Korea from China

What affects did the Industrial Revolution have on society?

created new social classes, new economic systems (capitalism, socialism, Marxism,)urbanization, living conditions deteriorated

What is a key description of Africa?

diverse

What was a sepoy?

employed native soldiers

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's constitution?

ended the feudal system, new constitution that copied Germany and other Western nation's constitutions by taking the idea of authority in paliment

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's society and culture?

got rid of feudal system, practiced religious tolerance, national religion was Shinto, culture / society became westernized

What did Karl Marx think would lead to a revolution?

horrible working conditions

What were the Bourgeois?

industrial middle class (merchants, industrialists, etc.)

How did non-industrialized nations compare to those who were industrialized?

industrialized nations had higher standards of living

What did Marx believe about history?

it is a history of class struggles

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan's foreign relations?

opened boarders, fought with many Asian nations and Russia, integrated Western ideas into culture

What is an assembly line?

pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913, a manufacturing method that allowed much more efficient mass production of goods

How did electricity lead to other invention?

powered light bulbs, telephones, and allowed for radio waves to be developed

What were some benefits brought to SE Asian countries by Imperialism?

public works, education, modernized economic system

How did the Industrial Revolution spread?

railroads

Why did sales of goods increase?

reduced transportation costs, assembly lines, mass production

What 3 inventions changed Great Britain dramatically?

spinning jenny, water powered loom, steam engine

What did Commodore Matthew Perry's encounter with Japan lead to?

the Meiji Restoration

Who controlled India before Great Britain?

the Mughals

What led to the direct rule of India?

the Sepoy Rebellion

What resulted from Great Britain's victory?

the Treaty of Nanking (Great Britain demanded 5 open ports, Hong Kong becomes British, they limited China's taxes, extraterritoriality, forced China to pay for the entire was)

What was the white man's burden?

the belief that Europeans had a responsibility to civilize primitive people

What is Imperialism?

the extension of a nation's power over other lands

What was puddling?

the process in which coke derived from coal was used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron

How were trade unions different from Marx's idea?

trade unions believed in peaceful negotiations

What is capitalism?

using money to make money

What are spheres of influence?

when a nation has special privileges to a region of a country (ex: mining rights)

What is extraterritoriality?

when a person is in a foreign country, they abide by their laws, not local laws

Who were the proletariat?

working class, the oppressed

Who was Karl Marx?

wrote the Communist Manifesto, originated communism