WWII- Europe
What did Major General Anthony McAuliffe write back when he received a letter from a German general demanding a surrender from Bastogne.
"NUTS"
What did the soldier delivering the letter say to the Germans?
"You can go to hell!"
Who were the American commanders during the Battle of the Bulge?
1. General Omar Bradley 2. General Dwight D. Eisenhower 3. General George Patton
What were the Mulberry Harbors used for?
1. Provided artificial harbors on the coast of Normandy until ports were in Allied hands. 2. The Mulberries were towed across the English Channel to form breakwaters for sheltering and unloading ships.
What were the 5 beaches that were named a target?
1. Sword 2. Juno 3. Gold 4. Omaha 5. Utah
What was PLUTO used for?
It was built to supply fuel to France. It delivered 18,000 liters of fuel a day.
What was the fake invasion called?
Operation Fortitude
Where did the Germans expect the D-day attack?
Pas de Calais Region.
What does PLUTO stand for?
Pipe Line Under The Ocean
What were the losses for the Americans?
The United States had 81,000 casualties 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed.
What event caused the Americans to enter into the war?
The attack on Pearl Harbor.
What was the Operation Torch?
The code name for the Allied invasion of North Africa during World War II.
What was Operation Overlord?
The code name for the Allied invasion of mainland Europe in World War II, starting with the D-Day landings.
What helped stop the German troops from getting to Normandy?
The destruction of railways and road communications successfully stopped German reserve troops getting to Normandy during the landings and for some time afterwards.
Where did the Battle of the Bulge take place?
The forests of Belgium.
What is D-day considered?
The largest amphibious force in the history of warfare.
George C. Marshall?
American general and politician; he led U.S. mobilization for World War II and helped plan the nation's war strategy. He also developed the postwar European Recovery Program called the Marshall Plan.
Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer?
American physicist; he led the Manhattan Project laboratory in Los Alamos, which developed the first nuclear bomb.
What was the Operation Zeppelin?
False invasion of the Balkans in Eastern Europe.
What were the Operations Vendetta and Ferdinand?
False invasions of West Mediterranean.
What did Hitler create in europe?
Fortress Europe
Who was Charles de Gaulle?
French military and political leader; he led the Free French government and army in World War II. He remained an important figure in France's postwar government.
Who said, "If I do my full duty, the rest will take care of itself."
General George Patton
What happened to Rommel?
He was forced to commit suicide in 1944 for planning an attack against Hitler.
What did the allies use to get the Germans to believe the attack would take place at the Pas de Calais region?
1. Vehicles and dummy landing craft moved to eastern England. 2. Fake radio messages suggested assault divisions were massing. 3. An invasion fleet was simulated. 4. On the night before D-Day small fleets of motor boats headed towards Pas de Calais. -They were fitted with radar equipment that made them seem much larger on enemy screens. 5. Inflatables were used to appear on German radar -Germans knew some plans were fake, but lacked the military intelligence to tell which were decoys.
How long did Hitler control France?
1942-1944
How long did it take to plan the D-day attack?
2 years
How many planes were used in the D-day invasion?
7,500 planes from the RAF and United States Air Force.
How many Allied and American troops died?
9,000
What did Rosie the Riveter?
A popular symbol for working women of World War II stand for
What is a Wolf Pact?
A submarine tactic in which submarines hunt as a group and attack at night?
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
A unit of African American pilots that fought in World War II.
How long was the Battle of the Bulge?
About a month of fighting in harsh winter.
Who was A. Philip Randolph?
African American union and civil rights leader; his protests during World War II led President Roosevelt to ban discrimination in government and defense jobs
Who was the British Commander on D-day?
Bernard Montgomery
When did the Battle of the Bulge begin?
December 16, 1944
Who was Oveta Culp Hobby?
Director of the Women's Army Corps during World War II; she held the rank of colonel. She later became the second woman cabinet member by serving as secretary of health, education, and welfare.
Who was the American Commander on D-day?
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Who was the "Desert Fox"?
Erwin Rommel (german)
What was the fake army called under General Patton?
FUSAG
What was the Operation Ironside?
False invasion leading Germans to believe they would be attacked at the French Bay Biscay.
How is this significant to the German offensive opportunities?
It was there last offensive strike.
When did the Battle of the Bulge end?
January 27, 1945
Who was Hideki Tojo?
Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II. He was later tried and executed for war crimes.
What was the original date for the D-day invasion?
June 5, 1944; Bad weather forced the invasion to be pushed back a day to June 6, 1944.
When was D-day?
June 6, 1944
Who were the Axis Powers
Main Ones- Germany, Italy, Japan ( Less Known: Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria)
Who were the Allied Powers?
Main Ones- U.S., Britain, France, USSR (Less Known: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia)
How many troops made it onto the beaches in Normandy?
More than 100,000 troops.
Did the Germans respond right away to the invasions at Normandy?
No, the Germans held back their reserve troops for several critical days allowing the invasion to not face the full power of the Nazi army.
Where did the American troops go first when they entered the war?
Northern Africa
What does the "D" in D-day stand for?
Nothing
When did Operation Torch take place?
November 8, 1942 - May 13, 1943
What beaches were the American troops involved in?
Omaha Utah
What was the Operation Fortitude North?
Pretend invasion of German territory via Norway.
What was the Bracero Program?
Program that allowed poor Mexican workers to work temporarily in the U.S. (1942)
What does the RAF stand for?
Royal Air Force
Pas de Calais Region
Shortest shipping distance between France and Great Britain; 21 miles across.
Why is it called the Battle of the Bulge?
The Allied line 'bulged' but did not break.
Who did the victory of D-day belong to?
The Allies
Why was it important for the Americans to go to Africa?
The Allies needed a place where they could easily get into Europe. Also, a place to hold supplies and to dock ships.
What were the losses for the British?
The British had 1,400 casualties with 200 killed.
What is the Luftwaffe?
The German air force.
What were the losses for the Germans?
The Germans had 100,000 casualties, included are the killed, wounded and captured.
What was the Manhattan Project?
The top-secret program to build an atomic bomb during World War II
What were Mulberry Harbors?
They were a complex system of temporary floating quays. (Quay = a concrete, stone, or metal platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships.)