Zoology - Chapter 19 - Amphibian

Urodela (Caudata)

Salamander order

Lissamphibia

Subclass of amphibia that exists today

icythyostega

amphibian ancestor

3

number of chambers in an amphibian heart

Kingdom which contains all amphibians

Animalia

aposematic coloration

Bright warning colors in animals with a chemical defense.

cryptic coloration

Camouflage; makes an organism difficult to spot. Usually ranging from whites to browns and blacks

Amphibia

Class of all frogs, toads, caecillians, and salamanders

Herpetology

Study of reptiles and amphibians

counter shading

coloration in which dark is on top and light is on the bottom

Cloaca

common opening for digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

tympanic membrane

eardrum, behind the eye on a frog

Flip and Grab

feeding method of most amphibians

Lobe -finned fish

fish ancestor of amphibians

non-amniote lineage

frogs and reptiles where eggs are not in a protected membranes

Glass/Ninja Frog

frogs that have see through skin where the males fiercely guard their eggs

Army

group of adult frogs

Thyroxine

hormone that causes amphibians to go through metamorphosis

Toad

is an amphibian, a close relative of the frog, drier, bumpy skin

Animalia

kingdom containing frogs, toads, caecillians, and salamanders

maxillary teeth

line the edge of upper jaw; keeps prey in mouth

Caecilean

live hidden in the ground in leave litter and debris, no legs for locomotion

Swarm

mass of amphibian eggs

strand

mass of toad eggs

wet skin

needed for cutaneous respiration

Chordata

phylum of frogs, toads, caecillians, and salamanders

Chromatophores

pigment cells that change the color of an organism, allowing it to camouflage

amniote lineage

reptiles, birds, and mammals where the egg is protected

buccopharyngeal respiration

respiration through the lungs and mouth

parotid gland

salivary gland behind the tympanum, in cane toad produces poisons

vertebrata

subphylum of frogs, toads, caecilians, and salamanders

Frog

tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for jumping, moist, smooth skin

vomerine teeth

teeth in roof of mouth; keeps prey in mouth

Amphibian

term used to describe organisms that live on land and in water

Amplexus

the mating position of frogs and toads, in which the male clasps the female about the back.

Metamorphosis

the process of changing from a tadpole to adult form

Hibernate

to spend the winter in a sleeplike, dormant state

compounding/magnifying effects

when amphibians have to deal with more than one environmental issue, it stresses out their populations

Ectotherm

cold blooded

Carnivore

A consumer that eats only animals.

herbivore

A consumer that eats only plants.

spermatophore

A gelatinous package of sperm cells that is produced by males of species that have internal fertilization without copulation.

Newt

A small salamander that can live on land and in water

Labryinthodontia and Lepospondyl

2 extinct subclasses of amphibian

Tadpole

The larval form of a frog or toad.

Hellbender and Giant Japanese and Chinese Salamander

Cryptobranchidae

Anura

Frogs and toads

Nictitating membrane

a protective fold of skin in the eyes to protect them in water

bioindicator/bellweather

a species that is especially sensitive to ecological change and thus can serve as an indicator of environmental conditions

Tetrapod

a vertebrate animal having four feet or legs or leglike appendages

Salamander

any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed

cutaneous respiration

breathing through the skin

atrazine

chemical contaminant that can turn a male frog into a female frog