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Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.

Employee Commitment

-Affective Commitment Emotional attachment to the organization -Continuance Commitment Perception of economic and social costs of leaving the organization -Normative Commitment Sense of obligation to the organization

Performance Appraisal

-Evaluating a person's success at their job -Sources of Bias -Halo effect -Distributional error -Leniency errors -Severity errors -Central tendency errors -360-Degree Feedback

Meaning of Work

-Jobs, Careers, and Callings Job - No training, personal control, freedom Career - Work as an opportunity for advancement Calling - Work has value beyond economics -Relationship to Psychological Well-Being -Job Crafting Physical and cognitive changes that individuals make within existing task constraints

implicit followership theories

-Leaders have beliefs/prototypes of what followers are supposed to be like -Six key factors of LIFT: --Prototype: Industry, Enthusiasm, Good Citizen --Antiprototype: Insubordination, Incompetence, Conformity

Origins of I/O Psychology

-Scientific Management - Frank Taylor -Determine the most efficient methods for performing any work-related task -Time and motion studies -Assembly lines Selection and recruitment of military recruits

Management Styles

-The "Japanese" Management Style -Theory X and Theory Y Theory X managers motivate by exerting control and threatening punishment Theory Y managers motivate by allowing workers to participate in problem solving -Strengths-Based Management

Virtual Reality

For example, Hobson (2009) suggests that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness. In other words, dreaming involves constructing a virtual reality in our heads that we might use to help us during wakefulness. Alternatively, dreaming may represent a state of proto-consciousness, or a virtual reality, in the mind that helps a person during consciousness. in exposure therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. This can be done via reality, imagination, or virtual reality. Exposure therapy was first reported in 1924 by Mary Cover Jones, who is considered the mother of behavior therapy.

Leadership

Leadership is the process of providing guidance and direction in the pursuit of a goal, and can exist formally as in businesses and sports teams, or less formally as in relationships between family members and friends. It's often said that one difference (in business) between leaders and managers is that people do what managers tell them to because they have to, but people follow leaders because they want to.

Organizational Culture

Organizational Culture is a term that refers to the everyday environment and emotional climate of a business or other organization. This includes the management style, company policies, personnel interactions, training procedures, language (slang and "insider" words and expressions), etc. It also includes the managerial visions, expectations and beliefs that are passed along to employees. There are many who believe organizational culture is one of the most critical factors for a company's success. Having a great culture is not a guarantee for company success, but it may increase the probability for success....and certainly makes hiring and retaining great employees easier.

Genetics and Leadership

The leadership gene, known as rs4950, is an inherited DNA sequence associated with people taking charge. Scientists accept that leadership skills are also learned. But the gene may provide the vital push needed to make someone into a manager rather than a minion.

Transformational Leadership

Transformational leadership is a leadership style in which leaders encourage, inspire and motivate employees to innovate and create change that will help grow and shape the future success of the company.

work-life balance

Work-life balance is the lack of opposition between work and other life roles. It is the state of equilibrium in which demands of personal life, professional life, and family life are equal.

Choosing a therapist

You should be comfortable with your therapist. The therapist should have the proper training and credentials and be licensed by the appropriate agencies. Therapist should demonstrate cultural competence An individual should feel that they are making progress after therapy has begun

Job Satisfaction

a feeling of fulfillment or enjoyment that a person derives from their job.

Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

is a medical treatment most commonly used in patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder that has not responded to other treatments. ECT involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia. Another biologically based treatment that continues to be used, although infrequently, is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (formerly known by its unscientific name as electroshock therapy). It involves using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression. is a procedure in which an electric current of 70 to 150 volts is briefly administered to a patient's head, causing a loss of consciousness and often seizures.