12 and 13 review

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in A) agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) services. D) education. E) cities.

A agriculture

In the United States educational services account for about ________ of jobs. A) 10 percent B) 2 percent C) 1 percent D) 35 percent E) 25 percent

A) 10 percent

In the United States about ________ of all jobs are in consumer services. A) 50 percent B) 10 percent C) 5 percent D) 75 percent E) 25 percent

A) 50 percent

The U.S. government estimated in 2011 that the number of homeless people on any given night was about A) 636,000. B) 836,000. C) 216,000. D) 10,116,000. E) 2,436,000.

A) 636,000.

Megalopolis refers to A) adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas. B) central cities. C) consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas and their CBDs. D) central cities plus urbanized areas. E) regional government federation.

A) adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is A) annexation. B) accreditation. C) an application of eminent domain. D) defined by urbanized area. E) zoning.

A) annexation.

The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. B) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands. D) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes. E) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution.

A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as A) barriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs. B) young city and old city zones. C) public housing, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs. D) the zone in transition, suburbs, or public zone. E) suburbs, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs.

A) barriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs.

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) basic industry. B) functional classification. C) nonbasic industry. D) primate city. E) consumer service.

A) basic industry

The "Boswash" corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington, D.C., was named "Megalopolis" A) by geographer Jean Gottmann. B) because it covered more than one-fourth of total U.S. land area. C) because it was planned to house more than half of the U.S. population. D) as a counterbalance to the plans of geographer Hugh Separalle. E) by economist, philanthropist, and geographer Harvey Keitel.

A) by geographer Jean Gottmann.

Most people are homeless because they A) cannot afford housing and lack a regular source of income, perhaps because of job loss, mental illness, or family problems. B) cannot afford medicine and lack a middle-class source of income, usually because of mental illness, pregnancy, and family problems. C) fail to achieve the level of "survival of the fittest" as prescribed by social Darwinism. D) cannot afford a college education, which is required in order to obtain and maintain a steady job in the United States. E) are lazy or lack the kind of work ethic that wealthy people have.

A) cannot afford housing and lack a regular source of income, perhaps because of job loss, mental illness, or family problems.

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the A) central business district. B) central commerce zone. C) urbanized downtown area. D) metropolitan statistical area. E) hub.

A) central business district.

Compared to whites, African Americans in U.S. cities are more likely to be A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods. B) dispersed throughout the city. C) clustered in suburbs. D) distributed uniformly in the city. E) distributed across the commuters zone

A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

In U.S. cities, the underclass is largely A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods. B) dispersed throughout the city. C) clustered in suburbs. D) distributed even between the suburbs and the city. E) distributed across the commuter zone.

A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors. B) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. C) central place theory and gravity models. D) hinterland models. E) political and infrastructure factors.

A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the A) gravity model. B) population model. C) distance decay. D) gravitational model. E) threshold model.

A) gravity model

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is A) greater. B) less. C) about the same. D) better controlled. E) declining.

A) greater.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby A) hotels and warehouses. B) residences and highways. C) retail and wholesale shops. D) universities and colleges. E) hospitals and clinics.

A) hotels and warehouses.

The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by A) low wages and the wide use of English. B) low wages and geographic situational factors. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students. D) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors. E) low wages and desperate conditions. .

A) low wages and the wide use of English.

The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically, A) low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there. B) low-income people and minorities are able to live in some areas because of the low cost of the housing, the friendliness of established residents, and the myth that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there. C) legal devices, such as requiring several small houses to sit on a large lot of land amid several different apartments, prevented low-income families from living in many suburbs. D) low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the private schools there, the unfriendliness of African American and Hispanic minorities there, and the fear that property values would not change if other minorities were allowed to buy property there.

A) low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there.

According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built A) on the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center. B) on the inner edge of that district, closer to the center. C) in the skyscrapers of the CBD. D) in old industrial buildings and retail shops. E) on the outer edge of the suburban area, farther out from the center.

A) on the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center.

The most significant impact that Great Britain's enclosure movement made on the rural landscape was to A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C) discourage urbanization. D) increase the rural population. E) improve transportation.

A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as A) squatter settlements. B) council estates. C) public housing. D) the zone in transition. E) suburbs.

A) squatter settlements.

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? A) transportation services B) retail and wholesale services C) education services D) health services E) hospitality services

A) transportation services

About ________ of the homeless people in the United States are single men, and the remainder are women and children. A) two-fifths B) nine-tenths C) one-tenth D) three-fourths E) half

A) two-fifths

Periodic markets are likely to feature A) vendors who move from town to town. B) prices that change on a seasonal schedule. C) large sales after the holiday season. D) a daily offering of business services throughout the year. E) consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district.

A) vendors who move from town to town.

Consumer services include A) educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs. B) educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs. C) educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs. D) health and social, professional, and financial service jobs. E) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs.

A)educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs.

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution in Europe? A) Urbanization ultimately promoted the Industrial Revolution. B) The Industrial Revolution ultimately promoted urbanization. C) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years. D) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years. E) Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are largely unrelated.

B) The Industrial Revolution ultimately promoted urbanization.

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon.

B) a hexagon

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of A) blockbusting. B) commuting. C) threshold. D) skyscrapers. E) restrictive zoning.

B) commuting.

According to the sector model, if family X has an income of $100,000 and family Y has an income of $40,000 but family Z has an income of $115,000 A) families Y and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city. B) families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city. C) families X and Y are likely to live in the same sector of the city. D) families X, Y, and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city. E) none of these families are likely to live in the same sector of the city.

B) families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.

The process that includes subdividing a house from single-family owner occupancy to multiple occupancy, is A) blockbusting. B) filtering. C) gentrification. D) redlining. E) urban blight.

B) filtering.

The multiple nuclei theory A) involves four linked CBDs. B) includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park. C) includes a nucleus in the CBD which is connected to a nucleus in the suburbs. D) links a seaport, an airport, and a railway station. E) disregards the use of nodes.

B) includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park.

U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems because A) federal and state funds are available. B) low-income people are concentrated there. C) middle-class families are attracted there. D) redlining is no longer legal.

B) low-income people are concentrated there.

A central place is a A) hinterland. B) market center. C) range of a good. D) rank-size distribution. E) hexagonal settlement.

B) market center

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) West

B) new england

Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. B) placement of buildings around a central market square. C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. E) broad avenues in residential districts.

B) placement of buildings around a central market square.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

B) range

The largest component of the U.S. population lives in A) central cities. B) suburbs. C) nonmetropolitan areas. D) rural settlements. E) the second and third rings of the concentric zone model.

B) suburbs.

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by A) less intensive land use. B) the construction of skyscrapers. C) suburban sprawl. D) a high threshold and range. E) the reuse of existing buildings.

B) the construction of skyscrapers.

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the A) central city. B) urbanized area. C) metropolitan statistical area. D) consolidated metropolitan statistical area. E) regional government federation.

B) urbanized area.

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000

C) 200,000

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods. B) dispersed throughout the city. C) clustered in suburbs. D) distributed uniformly in the city. E) living along major boulevards.

C) clustered in suburbs.

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. B) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. D) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it. E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.

C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together. E) more numerous. for a service.

C) less numerous and farther apart.

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant

C) primate city

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of A) corridors. B) nodes. C) rings. D) sectors. E) quadrants.

C) rings.

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have A) no threshold. B) no range. C) services for office workers. D) a need for rapid transportation. E) a need for large amounts of horizontal space.

C) services for office workers.

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because A) they hope to lower real estate prices and tax revenues in their downtown areas. B) of their low ranges and thresholds. C) they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels. D) they have a need for the kind of rapid transportation that is only available in the CBD. E) the CBD offers large amounts of horizontal space.

C) they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels.

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian.

C) threshold

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban settlement D) agricultural E) primordial

C) urban settlement

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) urban B) linear rural C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) primordial

D) clustered rural

Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off ________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 square kilometers (139 square miles). A) advertising revenue B) the rap video industry C) corporate investment D) entire neighborhoods E) the entire CBD

D) entire neighborhoods

Gentrification A) is the process by which lower-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing. B) allows lower income families to remain in their homes through public subsidies. C) is the process by which upper-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing so that lower-income people can move in. D) is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing. E) has almost no influence on housing prices and taxes.

D) is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements.

D) rank-size settlements

Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity? A) video rental store B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency

D) steel mill

Urban residents are generally more tolerant of ________ than are the residents of rural communities, but residents of urban settlements often feel that they are surrounded by people who are indifferent and reserved. A) discrimination B) political insiders C) tax shelters D) uniform social behavior E) diverse social behavior

E) diverse social behavior

Which of the following is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement? A) Rome B) North Africa C) southern Africa D) Australia E) Mesopotamia

E) mesopotamia

The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following? A) frequent concerts and exhibitions B) generous parking lots C) place to meet friends D) sheltered environments E) walking distance from homes

E) walking distance from homes

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following? A) legal offices and parking lots B) skyscrapers, suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots, and restaurants C) agricultural land D) suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots, and transportation hubs E) warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing

E) warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing