13; The British Invasion Continues

"My Generation ♫."

, Townshend wrote ? Legend has it that Townshend was inspired to pen the tune when Britain's Queen Mother had his 1935 Packard hearse towed because she found the sight of it offensive. The lyrics of ? focus on sentiments of the Mod movement, in particular, responding to those who might criticize them: "People try to put us down just because we get around."

the concept album and the rock musical.

, the Who left behind their early Mod days in favor of a more experimental approach to rock. By the 1970s, they had become leaders in emerging rock movements such as ?

"My Generation ♫"

? is also one of the first songs in rock history to feature a bass solo, which was performed by Entwistle on a Fender jazz bass.

"maximum R&B."

At the Marquee Club, they billed their music as ? In their performances, Townshend, Daltrey, and Moon were exuberant performers who competed for the audience's attention. Moon was a violent drummer who thrashed at his drum set and frequently broke sticks and pedals. Townshend drew attention to his playing of power chords by revolving his arm around in a complete circle as he played; this came to be called his "windmill" gesture.

1968

Between 1963 and 1968, the Yardbirds changed personnel many times. The Yardbirds only achieved modest commercial success before they disbanded in ?

"Kink Kultists."

By 1966, Davies and the Kinks had lost interest in attracting interest from the popular music world, but they did acquire a following of people who came to be called ? During this period, Davies criticized people, societal norms, fashion, and politics. Davies's lyrics often include incisive critiques of the attitudes and cultures of the 1960s. For example, "Dedicated Follower of Fashion ♫" mocks people who think their choices of clothing will make them socially accepted:

rock and roll group

During the 1960s, the Animals became less of a blues cover group and more of a ? whose musical style was deeply rooted in and inspired by the American blues tradition. They even recorded some Brill Building songs, such as Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil's "We Gotta Get Out of This Place ♫" and Gerry Goffin and Carole King's "Don't Bring Me Down ♫."

1966

In ?, Beck left the Yardbirds to form the Jeff Beck Group, which left Page as the sole lead guitarist for the group. In 1968, the Yardbirds disbanded, but Page formed a group called the New Yardbirds to fulfill the remaining concert dates that the Yardbirds had booked. The New Yardbirds would become Led Zeppelin

fuzzbox

Like the Rolling Stones' "Satisfaction ♫," the Yardbirds' "Heart Full of Soul ♫" uses a ? to create distortion on the primary guitar lick. ("Heart Full of Soul ♫" was actually recorded three weeks before "Satisfaction" was recorded.)

Kit Lambert and Terrance Stamp

Managers ? sent the band members to Carnaby Street for pants, bulls-eye T-shirts, and jackets cut from the British flag, and then they booked them for sixteen consecutive Tuesdays at London's Marquee Club, which was a popular location for members of London's Mod scene

Ray Davies

Most of the Kinks' songs were penned by ?; songwriting style shows a blend of blues styles and pop traditions

Mod movement.

One group of people that frequently drew mockery from Davies and the Kinks was the London subculture known as the ? ; "Dedicated Follower of Fashion ♫" was a direct jab at them because they were trendy and fashion-forward

Everybody's in Showbiz.

Songs such as "Afternoon Tea ♫" praised the British customs that they loved, which in turn offered a jab at the American customs that they hated. The Kinks even recorded an entire album complaining about the United States, 1972's ?

Yardbirds

The earliest incarnation of the ? included Chris Dreja and Tony Topham on guitar, Paul Samwell-Smith on bass, Keith Relf on vocals and harmonica, and Jim McCarty on drums. This version of the Yardbirds took over at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond in 1963 when the Rolling Stones left their regular gig there.

call and response

The influence of rhythm and blues is clear throughout "My Generation ♫" (1965) because it is built on ?: each of Daltry's sung lines is answered by Townshend and Entwistle singing, "talking 'bout my generation." Daltrey's stuttering delivery in the song recalled the inarticulate speech of an amphetamine user, and this stuttering led to a classic moment in the song in which Daltrey sneers, "Why don't you all just f-f-f-f-fade away?"

"For Your Love ♫,"

With the help of songwriter Graham Gouldman, the Yardbirds recorded "For Your Love ♫" (1965), which went to number 3 in the UK and number 6 in the United States. "For Your Love ♫" was a far cry from the Yardbirds' earlier material, however: the band only played as a whole during a bridge section, and the rest of the song's verses were performed by studio musicians. Clapton had played in ? but after the release of that single, he refused to play for any more pop recordings and left the group.

1966

continued recording music in the blues tradition; In ? for example, they recorded a cover of Bo Diddley's "I'm a Man ♫" at Chess Studios in Chicago

Animals'

covered both blues and rhythm and blues songs by artists such as Bo Diddley, John Lee Hooker, Ray Charles, Fats Domino, and Chuck Berry. Burdon could mimic the tonal quality of many different black singers, and Price, using the electric organ, could replicate Bo Diddley's distinctive style of guitar playing. The ? first album consisted almost entirely of blues and rhythm and blues covers, but it did include their first hit single

The Who

included guitarist and songwriter Pete Townshend, lead singer Roger Daltrey, bassist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. None of the members of the Who had much of a blues background, but they had dabbled in various jazz, folk, and rock styles. Townshend was a banjo player and Entwistle played trumpet, and they had formed a Dixieland-styled jazz band in the 1950s. Daltrey had a background playing in British skiffle bands, and Moon started out as a drummer for a British surf group called the Beachcombers. Despite their lack of a blues background, they did frequently play in London blues clubs.

Animals

singer Eric Burdon modeled his vocal style on those of blues artists. In 1962, he became the lead singer of the Alan Price Combo, a British blues revival group. The group's live shows were so wild that fans began calling them the ? which became the band's new name.

Jeff Beck

stepped in to replace Clapton on lead guitar; helped the Yardbirds develop a psychedelic stage act. Beck would play his guitar behind his head, and he experimented with amplifier feedback. He also frequently used a technique called string bending; imitated the sound of the sitar in 1965's "Heart Full of Soul ♫."

"You Really Got Me ♫,"

the Kinks' first major hit, ? has the simple verse form of many Motown songs and the electric guitar performance style of a Chicago blues recording. In order to create the distortion in "? Davies slashed the amplifier.? was also one of the first hit rock songs to be built on power chords.

"House of the Rising Sun."

their first hit single, a cover of the American folk song ? The members of the Animals may have encountered it in recorded versions by country singer Roy Acuff or African American blues musician Leadbelly.

Eric Clapton

topham left the group and was replaced by ?; He was steeped in the American blues traditions, and he was uninterested in performing any other type of music. The Yardbirds played music by American blues artists such as John Lee Hooker, Bo Diddley, Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson, and Willie Dixon; also used rave-up such as "i'm a man"

The kinks

were formed in 1963 by the brothers Ray and Dave Davies; played a lot of clubs in London; hey began working with bassist Peter Quaife and drummer Mick Avory, both of whom also had strong blues backgrounds. Avory had been one of the Rolling Stones' first drummers.often toured with groups that included pop-styled acts. They did not necessarily play blues or blues-styled songs, but their blues roots can be heard in the rhythmic drive and aggressive instrumental performance style of their songs.

The Who

In particular, bands such as ? were strongly influenced by the Mod movement in London youth culture.

Modernists

The Mods were a significant part of London's youth culture in the 1960s. The Mods, or ?, loved music, expensive fashion, Vespa scooters, and dancing all night.

Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, and Jimmy Page.

The Yardbirds launched the careers of three very important British rock guitarists:

Who

The band that symbolized the Mod movement in the 1960s was the ?

Jimmy Page

To make up for his shortcomings, Beck invited session guitarist ? to join the group, and the two would share the role of lead guitarist

power chord

a chord played on the guitar that consists of only a perfect fifth and octave; power chords would be important gestures in the later genres of heavy metal and punk roc

rave-up

long, improvisatory passages at the ends of songs that allowed for bands such as the Yardbirds to display their performance skills through blues-like guitar solos; rave-ups served as the forerunner for the instrumental jam session or jam band