18

In 2012, health care expenditures in the United States were approximately _____ per person.

$9,000

Which of the following countries has a health care system that directly employs health care workers and runs hospitals and clinics that are free to the public?

Great Britain

Much of the rise in income inequality in the past 20 years in the United States comes from:

a rising gap among the incomes of highly educated workers.

If a nation's Gini coefficient is rising over time, it is an indicator of:

an increase in income inequality.

In the United States since World War II, the distribution of income has:

changed first toward equality and then, after 1968, toward greater inequality.

A high-income household is taxed a certain amount of money. A low-income household receives financial assistance in the same amount from government. The value of the marginal dollar of the financial assistance to the family and the taxes paid by the high-income family are:

different, since the marginal dollar is worth more to the low-income family.

Economists believe that looking at the distribution of income by quintiles at one moment overstates the true inequality of income because:

families near the bottom of the distribution in any given year may be having an unusually bad year, while those at the top may be having an unusually good one

The notch problem occurs when a poor family that has been receiving aid:

has an increase in earnings that reduces means-tested aid from programs, hence reduces their combined incomes.

Progress in medical science has contributed to _____ health care costs.

increasing

The negative income tax:

is a program in which low-income working families receive income supplements rather than having to pay taxes.