19th century

Which painting was intended to be shown alongside Friedrich's Monk by the Sea?

Abbey Among the Oak Trees

Which painting is intended as a pendant to Monk By the Sea?

Abbey among Oak Trees

Which artist was best known for painting scenes of the British countryside?

Constable

What distinguishes Constable's painting from this classical landscape by Claude Lorrain?

Constable's depiction of a particular place Constable's emphasis on a particular time

Which of the following is NOT true of David's Oath of the Horatii?

David rejected patriotism and embraced the idea of monarchy by using rigid and upright forms for the male figures.

Which artist is known for subjects found backstage at the Paris Opera?

Degas

What pre-Christian religion might be symbolized by the oak trees in this painting?

Druidism

What author is referenced in Gauguin's Nevermore?

Edgar Allen Poe

Which interpretation does NOT apply to Friedrich's Monk By the Sea?

Technological advancements enable us to control our world.

Which statement about Cézanne's Still Life with Apples is NOT true?

The bowl reveals Cézanne's academic drawing skills.

What distinguishes Couture's Romans of the Decadence from other French Academic painting of the period? Choose 1 answer:

The emphasis on decadence and moral decay

Fuseli'sThe Nightmare was influential on what literary genre?

Gothic horror

Which painting served as propaganda supporting the current government regime in France?

Gros, Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa

How does Cézanne's Still Life with Apples (right) depart from the tradition of still life painting exemplified by 17th century Dutch art (left)?

He rejected the mimetic naturalism of still life painting.

What motivated Seurat to develop the divisionist technique?

He wanted a more scientific approach to art.

Which statement is true about Van Gogh's technique in this painting?

His self-consciously naive style reflects the simplicity of his subject.

Which characteristic of Romanticism is NOT reflected by the Gothic Revival style in architecture?

an interest in the exotic

What printing technique used in "The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" allowed for the rich and varied tones of the background?

aquatint

What seems to be one of Manet's primary concerns in The Bar at the Folies-Bergère?

challenging the viewer's visual perceptions

Manet modernized the tradition of the female nude by rejecting academic conventions of . . . (choose two)

chiaroscuro, or modeling, in the figure's form the relationship of the nude to the viewer

Van Gogh's letter, quoted in this video, indicates that ____________ contributed most to communicating the meaning of this painting

color

Friedrich commonly depicts his figures as very small in order to . . .

convey a sense of the sublime.

Ingres takes liberty with anatomical form in order to . . .

emphasize the sensual lines of the woman's body.

David's Oath of the Horatii set the standard for the Neoclassical style in its mannerist formal qualities and whimsical content.

false

The painting was carefully composed to include only upper-class men who joined together to overthrow the monarchy.

false

All of the following are characteristic of French academic painting, as seen in Couture's Romans of the Decadence, EXCEPT . . .

flattened forms and shallow space

Los Caprichos can be translated to mean

follies

The woman is an allegorical figure of Liberty who holds the tricolor flag symbolizing the Revolution's values of . . .

fraternity. equality. liberty.

Which is likely not a theme of Friedrich's Abbey Among the Oak Trees?

good vs evil

What detail of the figure of Liberty suggests that Delacroix drew on Classical tradition?

her face shown in profile

The story of the Oath of the Horatii emphasizes the __________ of self-sacrifice for the sake of a greater moral cause instead of concern over one's own personal interests.

heroicism

Van Gogh's treatment of his head and facial features suggest what possible theme to the speakers?

human mortality

This painting by Courbet challenged established traditions in all of the following EXCEPT . . .

in its medium.

How does Seurat's A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte differ from Impressionist paintings?

in the method of paint application

The original definition of a "nightmare" is best embodied by the figure of___________ in Fuseli's composition.

incubus

Delacroix's painting, Liberty Leading the People, was deemed too radical by the government because .

it called attention to the power of the French people.

How does Gauguin's use of light differ from the Impressionists?

it lacks a sense of atmosphere

The widespread distribution of Fuseli's The Nightmare resulted from

its production as a less expensive print.

In what way does the work of David Caspar Friedrich demonstrate the shift toward the modern era?

its reliance on secular symbolism to evoke spirituality.

The figure of this man about to be shot suggests a reference to

jesus christ

Both Monk by the Sea and Abbey in the Oak Trees demonstrate Frederich's preference for___________ to convey profound themes of human life and spirituality.

landscape painting

What subject matter did David Caspar Friedrich find most useful in representing his ideas about the spiritual and contemplative?

landscape painting

Although the painting is quite sensuous, Ingres retains the Neoclassical trait of ____________

linear precision

Which best summarizes John Constable's perspective?

nostalgia for the past and uncertainty about the future

The painting is based on a ___________ but rooted in the common practice among slave ship captains to throw sick slaves overboard in order to collect insurance money.

poem

All of the following are included in this painting EXCEPT . . .

portrait of Degas

Manet's Olympia answered Baudelaire's call to represent the beauty of modern life by . . .

presenting a modern alternative to the idealized beauty of the past.

The creation of the grand boulevards of modern Paris were intended to (select all that apply):

provide modern buildings for housing and shops facilitate the movement of troops make barricades less practical

Olympia's confrontation with the viewer highlights her as a ___________ asserts her status as a ____________ and forces the viewer to acknowledge their motivations and desires.

real women prositute

Which detail in Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa is based on a classical source?

the pose of Napoleon Bonaparte

What characteristic of Ingres's paintings reflects his adherence to the academic tradition of Neoclassicism?

the precise linear drawing

All of the following themes are demonstrated in Abbey among the Oak Trees EXCEPT

the ravaging of the earth by man

Which detail in "The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" suggests Goya's interest in Romanticism?

the reference to dreams and imagination

In his Water Lilies paintings, to what did Monet compare the surface of the two-dimensional canvas?

the reflective surface of the pond

Which contributes most to the "primitive" quality of Gauguin's Nevermore?

the rough handling of the paint

Which detail in Abbey among Oak Trees serves as a reminder of the futility of man's accomplishments?

the ruins of the cathedral

What feature of this painting best demonstrates Constable's sense of the importance of painting landscapes?

the size of the canvas

What effect did Cézanne achieve by using deep blue color in the background?

the sky seems to push forward toward the viewer

Like many of Cézanne's later landscapes, this painting was made in . . .

the south of France.

Friedrich's depiction of nature as vast and uncontrollable in Monk by the Sea is characteristic of the philosophical notion of

the sublime

What Romantic theme was the artist Henry Fuseli most interested in?

the supernatural

What demonstrates a classicizing influence on Barry's Palace of Westminster?

the symmetry of the facade

What visual evidence indicates Monet reworked his late paintings repeatedly before completing them? Choose 1 answer:

the thickly built up paint

Unlike Impressionist paintings of the landscape, Gauguin uses abstract forms to suggest . . .

the transcendent and spiritual.

Which detail reveals Morisot's early experimentation with Impressionist techniques?

the unfinished appearance of the mother's hand

All of the following distinguish Goya's Third of May, 1808 from earlier traditions of European painting EXCEPT

the use of Christian iconography.

What detail of this painting reveals an affinity to the work of Paul Cézanne?

the use of color to define form

How does Renoir's The Large Bathers differ from Manet's approach to the modern nude?

the use of modeling in the figure

When art historians discuss the formal qualities of a painting, they are referring to . . . Choose 1 answer:

the way an artwork is constructed.

All of the figures in Seurat's The Bathers at Asnières are working class EXCEPT . . .

the women in the boat

Which characteristic of the women in the foreground in Millet's The Gleaners made these peasants less politically threatening to the urban elite?

their healthy appearance

What was the primary function of Goya's Los Caprichos series?

to critique contemporary society in Spain

What was a key function of the Grand Foyer in the Paris Opera?

to display members of the audience to one another during intermission and before and after the performance

What is the compositional function of the ballustrade in the foreground? (Check all that apply)

to pull us into the scene to separate us from the activity of the people

At first glance, the viewer sees only the beauty of Turner's sensual use of paint and color before the horror of the subject becomes apparent.

true

Caillebotte's painting troubled 19th (and 20th) century audiences because of its feminized representation of the male nude.

true

Gauguin's interest in creating a dream-like space and sense of mystery distinguishes his work from that of the Impressionists.

true

What term best describes Thomas Couture's Romans of the Decadence?

academic

Who was responsible for modernizing the city of Paris? Choose 1 answer:

Baron Haussmann

Compare the use of light in these paintings. Indicate whether it serves the functions below in one, both, or neither of these examples.

Both Wright and Fuseli rely on the formal element of light to contribute drama and focus the viewer's attention. Unlike the slightly earlier painting by Joseph Wright of Derby, where light symbolizes the enlightening power of observation and inquiry to yield knowledge, Fuseli's The Nightmare instead shows the futility of light to penetrate or explain the darker realms of the unconscious. Light does not symbolize the presence of God in either painting. Read this text to review.

Of the major Impressionist painters listed, who emphasized illusionistic space in his or her paintings of modern life the most?

Caillebotte

How does Cassatt's painting, In the Loge (right) differ from Renoir's La Loge (left)?

Cassatt showed the woman as an active viewer.

Who was the architect of the Paris Opera House?

Charles Garnier

Compare Friedrich's Monk By the Sea to Raft of the Medusa by French Romantic artist Théodore Géricault. Indicate the formal devices used by each artist to achieve contrasting effects of quiet calm and dramatic action.

Friedrich achieves the quiet calm of his painting through his emphasis on horizontal lines and the expansive sky that dominates the open composition. Its vastness is underscored by the small scale of the lone figure. Shown with his back towards the viewer, Friedrich's monk encourages the viewer to take his place and stare off into the sea. By contrast, Géricault uses diagonal lines and a turbulent ocean to animate the narative presented. The composition is crowded to force the viewer's attention to the mass of bodies on the raft that seems to push outward into the viewer's space.

Which painting seems to foreshadow the interest in psychology and the irrational that developed in the art of the 20th century?

Fuseli, Titania and Bottom

In which painting by Manet does the subject NOT directly confront the viewer?

In the Conservatory

Created in 1781, how did Fuseli's painting differ from most paintings exhibited at London's royal academy during the Enlightenment?

It lacked moralizing subject matter.

How does Degas's The Dance Class (below, left) differ from Visit to a Museum (below, right)?

It offers a view not accessible to the public.

How is Ingres's Raphael and the Fornarina characteristic of much of this artist's work?

It seems infused with an underlying sensuality.

Picasso's Guernica is similar to Goya's The Third of May, 1808 in which way?

Its emphasis on emotion and human suffering in war.

Which contemporary artist is probably depicted in Degas's Visit to the Museum?

Mary Cassatt

Who hired Baron Haussmann to modernize Paris?

Napoleon III

What historical event is the subject of Goya's The Third of May, 1808?

Napoleon's Invasion of Spain

Cézanne's Large Bathers opened up form in a way that was influential for which artist(s)? Choose all that apply.

Picasso. Matisse

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People would have been radical for its _________ stance.

Revolutionary republican

Which formal devices in this painting contribute to the interpretation that past ideals have been forgotten?

The figures are more brightly colored than the background elements. The contrasts of geometric and curving lines. The use of light and shadow throughout the composition. The crowded figure groupings in the foreground.

Goya's use of Christian iconography in The Third of May, 1808 best supports which interpretation?

The painting conveys sorrow over man's inhumanity to man.

Which statement about Ingres's La Grande Odalisque is true?

The painting includes elements typical of Romanticism. The painting includes Neoclassical elements.

Which interpretation would best be supported by Friedrich's emphasis on the landscape in this painting?

The painting references pre-Christian spiritual traditions.

Which of the following is NOT true of Ingres' La Grande Odalisque?

The painting shows respect for non-Western attitudes to sexuality.

Which of the following are true of Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People?

The revolution of 1830 ushered in a constitutional monarchy, but still only a small percentage of the population was eligible to vote. Delacroix captured realistic details of the street violence. The representation of Liberty draws on the classical tradition in the profile pose but also appears more real, less ideal than classical figures. It depicts a scene at a street barricade on the cobblestone streets of Paris during the French Revolution of 1830.

How does the description of this painting as a "six-footer" contribute to our understanding of Constable's View on the Stour near Dedham?

The scale of the painting implies the artist's ambition for the higher artistic status of landscapes.

Friedrich's Abbey among the Oak Trees and Monk by the Sea are pendant paintings. What does this mean?

They are a related pair of paintings.

What critique did Couture level against the French in Romans of the Decadence?

They have lost the values of the French Revolution and are slipping into decadence.

Which statement best explains why Berthe Morisot and other women artists often painted domestic subjects?

They lacked the freedom in public spaces that their male colleagues enjoyed.

Manet based the composition of Olympia on a female nude painted by which earlier artist?

Titian

In the nineteenth century, France was ruled by how many emperors?

Two (Napoleon Bonaparte and Napoleon III)

What is the source of Géricault's subject matter in this painting?

a shipwreck off the coast of Africa

First owned by John Ruskin, Slave Ship was sold to an American __________ reminding us that in 1840 slavery was still a charged political issue in the United States.

abolitionist

Which is NOT characteristic of Friedrich's paintings?

a clear narrative

All of the following are found in BOTH Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People (left) and Géricault's Raft of the Medusa (right) EXCEPT . . .

a combination of allegorical figures and real people.

What detail did Degas include in this painting to highlight questions around vision and visual representation in art?

a mirror

What Renaissance element of painting is continued in Cézanne's Large Bathers?

a pyramid form

By including the figure of a monk, Friedrich evokes what underlying concept in this painting?

spirituality

The_________ suggests the divine power of nature to punish the slave traders, but it remains indifferent to the struggle of the drowning slaves.

storm

Compare these two paintings. Which characteristics of Conversion on the Road to Damascus demonstrate Caravaggio's influence on Géricault?

strong contrasts of light and dark highly realistic details in the figures diagonals that animate the scene a crowded compositional structure action that seems to enter the viewer's space

All of the following were interests of Impressionist painters EXCEPT . . .

suggesting mood or emotion with bright colors.

Which of the following did Haussmann NOT bring to the city of Paris?

the Eiffel Tower

Understood as a contemporary political critique, Géricault's Raft of the Medusa is an indictment of

the French Monarchy

What modern development is reflected in Monet's The Argenteuil Bridge?

the accessibility of the suburbs

Which detail of Cézanne's The Red Rock is similar to traditional landscape painting?

the alternating bands of light and shadow that pull the viewer in

What idea seems to be conveyed by Rosa Bonheur's Plowing of the Nivernais?

the authenticity of rural life and manual labor

All of the following details in Friedrich's The Lone Tree reference traditional Christian iconography EXCEPT . . .

the bluish mountains in the background

How does Turner's Rain, Steam, and Speed—The Great Western Railway suggest the move toward abstraction in art?

the broad areas of thick paint, and the interest in colored light

According to the speakers, what possible theme distinguishes Woman at a Window from other paintings by Friedrich?

the constrictions of domestic life

How does Raft of the Medusa differ from history paintings of the past?

the contemporary subject matter

What is the source of Constable's subject matter in this painting?

the countryside near Suffolk, England, where Constable had grown up

Which feature of Géricault's Raft of the Medusa distinguishes it as an example of Romanticism in France?

the emotionalism and human suffering

Which contributes a sense of specificity to View on the Stour near Dedham?

the figures on the footbridge the men pushing the barges apart the church in the background the foliage on the trees the weather conditions of the scene

All of the following contribute to the emotional impact of Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus EXCEPT

the heroic subject matter

How does Cézanne's Bathers differ from Bellini and Titian's approach to similar subject matter?

the human body is subservient to the composition

Which contributes MOST to the flat two-dimensional appearance of the nude woman in Manet's painting, Olympia?

the lack of chiaroscuro

Which details tell us the most about the sitter in Manet's portrait?

the objects cluttering his study

In The Raft of the Medusa, Géricault conveys the range of human emotion through . . .

the physical expressiveness of the bodies.

The painting depicts the dead and wounded from both sides of the fighting.

true

The painting reflects imperialist attitudes of French moral superiority that were used to justify colonialism over non-European cultures.

true

The tradition of the female nude refers to the erotic and sensual representation of women, disguised in classical mythology and ideals of beauty.

true

Oath of the Horatii reflects the Enlightenment idea that ________ were too emotional and devoted to self and family.

women