2000- smartbook questions chp 4

Geoff believes that the way his US-based company does business is superior to the way his French affiliate office conducts business. Geoff's attitude is an example of _____.

ethnocentrism

the orthodox muslim is required to pray ___ times a day

five

the routine conventions of living, thinking and acting in a group are called ___

folkways

Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.

groups

in a confucian society, expensive lawyers would not be needed to resolve contract disputes because

importance is attached to honesty

what are four dimensions originally identified by Hofstede?

individualism vs collectivism, power distance, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance

western society values ___ over ___.

individuals, groups

Jason lives in a country where personal gratification is suppressed and there are strict social norms in place to limit individual freedom. Hofstede would label this society by which dimension?

indulgence versus restraint

one reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the

influence of Western ideas and culture

a caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of ___.

inherited social class

which example demonstrates mores?

it is against the law in the US to commit theft

what are three principles of social stratification?

it is generally universal, involves beliefs as well as inequality, it carries over to the next generation

which of Hofstede's dimensions focuses on delaying gratification of material needs

long-term vs short-term orientation

what are the three values central to the confucian system of ethics that may have led to economic success in some asian countries?

loyalty, honesty in dealing with others, and reciprocal obligations

the set of shared beliefs followed by Catholics and those of the Jewish faith represent their individual ___

religions

historically, one way in which a british citizen could ensure that his or her children were accepted into a higher class was to

send them to the "right" school

all societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social ___

strata

the basic social organization of society is called its social ___

structure

true or false: historically, the british class system prevented people from moving up in society

true

a group's consideration and acceptance of what is good and right represents their

values

for poor muslims, modern ideology has not offered substantial economic improvement, yet it threatens their traditional ___.

values

the religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is ___.

buddhism

which two phrases reflect the economic implications of Islam?

cannot earn profit through exploitation of others and hold property as trustees, rather than an owners (per western definition of ownership)

max weber attributed the relationship between the emergence of ___ and Protestantism to the value system of religion

capitalism

the most rigid form of social stratification is the ___ system

caste

understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ___ literacy.

cross-cultural

Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of

cross-cultural literacy

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called ___

culture

Hofstede studied how ___ relates to values in the workplace

culture

When a company with branches in Japan and the United States changes its performance appraisal system to reflect the fact that American managers are more individualistic as compared to their more group-oriented Japanese counterparts, the company is recognizing the need to vary company processes and practices based on how ______ affects work-related values.

culture

a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

the system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and when considered as a whole represent a design for living is called ___.

culture

hindus believe in ___, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct

dharma

the US economy is considered ___ because it is impacted by the philosophy of individualism

dynamic

One way a company can become more informed about the practices of an international affiliate is to

employ local citizens to help them do business in a particular culture

one way a company can become more informed about the practices of an international affiliate is to

employ local citizens to help them do business in a particular culture

monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. monica is inquiring about the ___ associated with the meeting.

folkway

what are three tenets associated with confucianism?

high ethical conduct, loyalty to others and high moral conduct

an advantage of individualism is a ___.

high level of entrepreneurial activity

there ___ a strict one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state.

is not

how has social media affected group life?

it has emphasized the idea of an extended social group

Alex considers himself a "true French Canadian" and agrees with political activists who think there should be a separation from English speaking citizens who are dominating certain provinces. What seems to be the cause of this division in Canada?

language

Kate's grandmother was born in Belgium and she says she is Flemish. Anne's grandmother was also born in Belgium and she says she is French. In some areas of Belgium, all signs are in French and are not possible to read unless you know the French language. The same is true for other areas with all signs in Flemish. What is creating the divide between these two cultures?

language

In some cultures, people are more willing to work hard to achieve material wealth and may have to wait years before feeling they have succeeded. This is a reflection of which dimension identified by Hofstede?

long-term vs short-term orientation

confucianism values harmonious relationships, which are based on moral and ethical conduct and ___.

loyalty to others

Social norms that address the customs and conventions of a society and are central to the functioning of the society are called _____.

mores

adherents of Islam are called

muslims

___ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation

nation-states

Even though Parul disagreed with her co-worker, she waited until he was done speaking before she responded because she knew it wasn't polite to interrupt someone while they were talking. The social rule Parul followed is an example of a(n) _____.

norm

___ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.

norms

what is the focus of Hofstede's power distance dimension?

people are not equal in physical capabilities

what are three of the determinants of culture

political philosophy, social structure and economic philosophy

when an islamic bank implements a mudarabah contract, it is similar to a ___ that might take place in the US

profit-sharing scheme

according to weber, thrift, efficiency and hard work are the result of a person's belief in the ethics of ___

protestantism

what are three examples of the "hidden curriculum" of schools?

respect for others, dealing with competition, obedience to authority

Nigel was born into a poor, working-class family in England. He is resigned to the fact that his life will be much like his fathers as he has no way to earn a degree and change his status. Nigel believes that a lack of _____ determines his fate.

social mobility

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for which two of the following?

support for the caste system and advocacy in extreme ascetic behavior

the koran characterizes the practice of charging interest as

unjust

In Westernized societies, freedom to choose is considered everyone's right. The idea of what is good and right is an example of a(n) _____.

value

in westernized societies, freedom to choose is considered everyone's right. the idea of what is good and right is an example of a ___

value

two major Christian organizations are

Orthodox church and Roman Catholic

according to the tenets of Islam, the objective of life is to fulfill the dictates of God in hopes of achieving

admission to paradise

the majority of christians live in europe and the americans. however, christianity is rapidly growing in ___

africa

As countries get richer, we often see a shift ______ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and ______ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from, towards

the economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from ___.

charging interest

In the past, there has been a mutual lack of respect between upper management and working-class employees at British companies. This lack of respect was the result of the perception that those in upper management were a "step above" the employees. This perception was a reflection of _____.

class consciousness

Hofstede's fifth dimension was inspired by ___.

confucianism

what ethical system was the official ethical system of china until the communist revolution and emphasizes taking the right actions to attain salvation?

confucianism

which ethical system is NOT concerned with the afterlife?

confucianism

class ___ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society

consciousness

as the guiding principle of Islam, the ___ actually promotes free enterprise and supports earning legitimate profits through commercial efforts

Koran