202110 BSCI-3700-001 Professor Bugg Safety Test 1

Overcurrent Protection600 VOLTS NOMINAL OR LESS

Conductors and equipment must be protected from overcurrent by: -Circuit breakers -Fuses Overcurrent devices must be readily accessible but not exposed to physical damage or in the vicinity of easily ignitable materials.

Competent Person

One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

The "General Duty" Clause

"Each employer must furnish to each of his employees, employment and a place of employment, which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause, death or serious physical harm to employees" = the employer must provide a safe workplace for its employees

Fuel Powered Tools

-Fuel powered tools must be shut down and allowed to cool before being fueled, serviced, or maintained. -When used in enclosed or confined spaces must provide adequate ventilation and/or PPE

Ground Fault Circuit InterrupterPortable Generators

-GFCI protection to be required on all portable generators 5kW (5000 watts) or greater. -Protection can be built in or added as a "pig tail".

Fall Protection Systems Hoist Areas

-When guardrails are used at hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section must be placed across the opening. -When removed to receive materials, employee(s) must be protected by personal fall arrest systems.

Fall Protection Systems Guardrail Systems

-Wire rope guardrail flagged for visibility every 6 feet. -Wire rope may not deflect more than 3" (not below 39" from walking surface).

Hand tool general requirements

-All tools must be kept in safe working condition regardless of whether provided by employer or employee. -Guards must be provided to protect employees from hazardous moving parts

Nail Gun Safety

All nail guns rely on two basic controls: a finger trigger and a contact safety tip located on the nose of the gun.

Personal Fall arrest systems consist of:

full body harness connector(lanyard) anchorage

wrong ex

gas powered spray used indoors without ventilation

leading edge

the decking of the roof, unprotected side and edge of a roof or floor which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking sections are placed

Body belt

used as a positioning device or restraint only NOT DESIGNED FOR ALL ARREST

When did Richard Nixon sign the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety & Health Act

1970

Protection is required at ____ ft or greater above the work/walk surface.

6 feet

When did the Agency formally began.

April 28, 1971

beamer clamps

anchorage point

Total clearance required:

19 feet 3' safety factor 6' person 6' lanyard 4' shock absorber

bushing

the correct way for a wire to enter an electrical box

Housekeeping

clean job site

a tool is considered unattended when how far away from the person

25ft and not in sight

top of ladder shouldn't exceed

3'

Woodworking Tools

-All fixed equipment to have a disconnect switch that can be locked out. -All self feeding devices to have guards on all moving parts to protect operator.

Means of Egress

-Free and unobstructed egress at all exits must be maintained. -Exits cannot be locked. -Means of egress must be maintained free of obstructions.

Employees have the right to:

-A safe and healthful workplace -To know about hazardous chemicals -Information about injuries and illnesses in the workplace -To complain or request hazard correction from employer -Training -Hazard exposure and medical records -File a complaint with OSHA -Participate in an OSHA inspection -Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights

Wiring Methods

-All branch circuits to come from panel board & have breaker protection. -Branch circuits cannot be run on floors. -Covers required on all energized wall outlets.

Electric Power Operated Tools

-All electric power tools must be grounded or double insulated. -Hand-held tools manufactured with non-metallic cases are called double-insulated. If approved, they do not require grounding. -Although this design method reduces the risk of grounding deficiencies, a shock hazard can still exist.

Extension Cords

-All extension cords must be 3-wire type & hard or extra hard duty. -Flexible cords & cables must be protected from damage. -Cords may not run through pinch points. -Extension cords may not be suspended by nails, staples, or wires.

30 degree sag 5,000lb and 5,000lb 2 degree sag 72,000lb and 72,000lb

-Anchor stress depends on the sag angle of the lifeline. -Although increased sag decreases stress, clearance distance must also increase. -A better option is to include an inline shock absorber, eliminating the need for sag -Due to dynamic deflection of the lifeline it is critical to know how much clearance distance is required. -Fall distance will be greater than expected due to sag from the lifeline.

Pneumatic Power Operated Tools

-Compressed air must not be used for cleaning purposes unless reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. -This does not apply to concrete form, mill scale, and similar cleaning purposes however when over 30 p.s.i chip guarding and personal protective equipment is required.

lockout/ tag out

-Controls on equipment being serviced/repaired must be tagged out of service & clearly identified. -Circuits or equipment that are deenergized must be rendered inoperative and have tags attached at all points where circuits can be energized. A comprehensive LOTO program would include: -Written program that includes specific procedures for control of hazardous energy sources -Energy control procedures -Periodic inspections -Employee training

General Requirements electrical

-Electrical equipment must not be used unless the manufacture's name, trademark and other markings giving voltage, current, wattage, etc. are legible -Conductors must be spliced with splicing devices designed for the use (wire nuts, crimp connectors) or by brazing, welding, or soldering. -Electrical equipment must not be used unless the manufacture's name, trademark and other markings giving voltage, current, wattage, etc. are legible.

Rescue Requirements

-Employer must provide for prompt rescue of employees or assure employees are able to rescue themselves. - provide a 6 min rescue

Training Requirements

-Employer must train each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. This training must enable the employee to recognize hazards of falling and how to minimize these hazards. -Employees must be trained by a competent person. -The employer must maintain a written certification record verifying compliance with training requirements. -Must include name of employee trained, dates, and a signature of the person conducting the training or the employer

Multi-Employer Work Site Policy

-Exposing Employer - One whose employees are exposed to hazards. -Creating Employer - One who actually creates the hazards. Has a duty to inform other trades of hazards. -Correcting Employer - One responsible for correcting the hazard. -Controlling Employer - One who is responsible for conditions on work site.

The Focused Four The focused four are responsible for the majority of all construction fatalities:

-Falls (floors, work platforms, roofs) -Struck by (falling objects, vehicles) -Caught in-between (cave-ins) -Electrical (overhead lines, tools)

Roofing Requirements

-First determine if roof is deemed a low slope or steep slope. -Low slope - having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). -Steep slope - having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Warning lines t o consist of ropes, wires, or chains and stanchions as follows

-Flagged at least every 6'. -Lowest point no less than 34". -Highest point no more than 39". -Capable of resisting a force of at least 16 lbs applied against stanchion. -The line to have a minimum tensile strength of 500 lbs.

Powder Actuated Tools

-Follow manufacturer specific safety requirements. -Never use these tools in an explosive atmosphere. -Remove all defective tools from service. -All repairs must be made in accordance with the manufacturers specifications. -Always inspect tool for damage before use. -Never point these tools at other workers. -Tools must not be loaded until prior to intended firing time.

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters

-Ground fault circuit interrupters or assured equipment grounding conductor program are required for construction. -GFCI protection required on all 120v 15-20 amp outlets that are not part of permanent wiring system. -GFCI required on permanent building power where tool used with extension cord.

Use of GFCI's (ground fault circuit)

-Ground fault circuit interrupters trip when they detect a fault in the electrical circuit. -GFCIs trip at 4-6 milliamps -Indirect accidents can still occur.

Fall Protection Systems Hole Covers

-Holes 2" diameter or larger must be covered. -Marked COVER or HOLE or color coded. -Must be secured to prevent displacement. -Must support twice the maximum intended load (equipment, employees, and/or materials).

Stairways

-If door opens on a stairway, a platform must be provided, and the swing of the door must not reduce width of platform to less than 20". -All slip hazards must be eliminated before stairs are used. -Stairs must be free of protruding nails. -Metal pan stair treads & landings must be filled prior to use with solid material full width & depth of pan to top of nosing. (can fill with 2x8 wood) -A stair rail/handrail is required if 4 or more risers or 30" in vertical height. -Unprotected sides and edges of stairway landings must be provided with guardrail systems.

General requirements for ladder, stairs, ramps

-Ladder, stairs or ramp required on elevation changes of 19" or more -double cleated (2 people can use) or 2 single ladder -access point must be kept clear between levels

nail gun, Disconnect compressed air when:

-Leaving a nailer unattended -Carrying tool up ladder or stairs -Clearing jammed nails or performing maintenance on the nail gun.

Horizontal Lifeline Systems

-Lifelines are flexible anchorages that allow a worker to be tied off at any point along a span. -Unlike fixed anchors, lifeline systems are susceptible to movement, elongation and deflection. -These factors must be considered by the qualified person in their design and use. -All lifelines must be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified person. -The qualified person or manufacturer must provide documentation of the loads on the system for the purpose of designing or verifying the strength of the anchorages. -The designer or manufacturer must also specify what type of equipment may be used in conjunction with the HLL as a complete system -In-line energy absorbers are often used to reduce forces on the end anchors.

Warning Line Systems

-May be used on low slope roofs only. -Must be erected around all sides of roof area. -No employee allowed in the area between roof edge and a warning line unless the employee is performing roofing work. -Mechanical equipment on roofs only to be used or stored where employees protected by a warning line system, guardrail system, or personal fall arrest system. -Employer must have a rule that does not allow employees to work between the warning line and the edge.

Personal Fall Arrest Systems

-Must be inspected prior to each use. -Equipment worn in fall event must be retired from service.

Fall Clearance Distance

-Must limit employee free fall distance to 6' or less. -Free fall must not allow worker to contact lower work/walk surface. -To ensure an employee does not strike the floor or other structure - 19 feet of clearance distance is typically needed.

Wiring Design and Protection

-Path to ground must be continuous. -Cords - no missing ground pins. -Panels / Receptacles - All grounds must be attached and continuous. -Must have a disconnect that allows all conductors to be disconnected from service entrance.

Positioning Device Systems : body belt or body harness

-Positioning devices to be rigged so that employee will not fall more than 2'. -Positioning device to be secured to an anchor point that will support the maximum impact load or 3000 lbs.

Employer Responsibilities:

-Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards and comply with OSHA standards -Provide training required by OSHA standards -Keep records of injuries and illnesses -Provide medical exams when required and provide workers access to their records -Not discriminate against workers who exercise their rights -Post OSHA citations and noticesProvide and pay for PPE

Hand tool General Precautions

-Read the owners manual. -Wear proper PPE. -Select a tool based on the task. -Inspect tools for damage. -Verify that all tools are unplugged when servicing or changing accessories. -Keep your finger off of the power switch when carrying a plugged in tool.

Extension Cords - Repairs

-Repairs can only be made to 12 gauge or larger extension cords. -Repairs must maintain outer sheath insulation properties (No electrical tape). -Strain relief must be provided.

Safety Monitor

-Safety Monitor must be a Competent Personin fall protection. -Must be on same level as employees & within visual sight of them. -Close enough to employees to communicate orally. -Can have no other duties that could distract his attention.

Safety Nets

-Safety net systems must be installed as close as practicable, no more than 30' below. -Fall area to net unobstructed. -Sufficient clearance to objects below. -Nets must be drop tested with 400 lb bag of sand prior to use or certified. -Nets to be inspected weekly & after impacts.Nets cleaned daily.

Ladders

-Step ladders must have locking spreader bars. -Wood ladders shall not be painted. -Must be set up on firm and level base. -Ladders must have nonconductive side rails where could contact energized electrical circuits. -Ladders must support at least four times the maximum intended load -Always face ladders when ascending or descending. -Use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up or down. -An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall.

Temporary Lighting

-Temporary lighting only allowed during construction. -All lamps must be protected from contact or breakage (use bulb guards). -Temporary lights not to be hung by wiring unless designed for this use.

Electric Power Operated Tools before use

-Tools must be inspected by a competent person prior to use. -Equipment found damaged must be tagged, locked out to render inoperable, or removed from the workplace.

Guardrail Systems

-Toprail @ 42" +/- 3" must meet 200 lb force -Midrail @ 21" +/- 3" must meet 150 lb force -Toeboard 4" must meet 50 lb force

Wiring Methods

-Unused openings must be effectively closed. -All breakers must be labeled. -Cabinets, boxes, switches, and circuit breakers in damp or wet locations must be protected from water.In wet locations enclosures must be weatherproof.

Misuse of Equipment electrical

-Using boxes designed to be mounted and placing them on the floor. -Fabricating extension cords with ROMEX wire. -Using equipment outdoors that is labeled for indoor locations. -Attaching ungrounded, two-prong adapter plugs to three-prong cords and tools

Filing A Complaint

-Workers may file a complaint with OSHA if they believe a violation of a safety or health standard, or an imminent danger situation, exists in the workplace. -Workers may request that their name not be revealed to the employer. -If a worker files a complaint, they have the right to find out OSHA's action and request a review if inspection is not made

Assured Grounding

-Written program must be kept onsite and available for employee review. -Implemented by a competent person. -Covers all cords, power tools & outlets that are not part of the permanent wiring. -cords, equipment and receptacles must be visually inspected before each use, after repairs, after possible damage. -Must inspect at intervals not to exceed 3 months. -Record must indicate last date tested. -Record shall be kept by means of logs, color coding, or other effective means.

Suspension trauma

-may lead to unconsciousness -may lead to death, depending on time -foothold, stirrups can be used to alleviate pressure and delay symptoms

Priority of Inspections

1.Imminent Danger: Reasonable certainty an immediate danger exists 2.Fatality/Catastrophe: Reported to OSHA; inspected ASAP 3.Complaints/Referrals: Worker or worker representative can file a complaint about a safety or health hazard 4.Programmed Inspections: Cover industries and employers with high injury and illness rates, specific hazards, or other exposures.

ANSI

3600lbs force

Non- self supporting ladders must be set up at

4/1 ratio top- 3' 8' 2' wide

Anchorage Points must support ___ lbs per employee

5,000 lbs

Yoyo: not enough fall length

54" Class B retractor 24" Class A retractor (going to say on the equipment) plus safety factor 3 feet

Steep slope roofs with unprotected edges require conventional fall protection

Conventional fall protection consists of guardrails, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems.

Duty to Have Fall Protection

Each employee engaged in residential construction 6' or more above surface must be protected from falls by conventional fall protection measures except when alternative fall protection is used.

electrical shock

Electrical shock occurs when the body becomes part of the circuit. Severity of the shock depends on: -Path of current -Amount of current -Length of time exposed to current

Who is covered by OSHA

Everyone but self employed

Guarding of Live Parts

Live parts 50 volts or greater must be guarded by: -Location in a room or enclosure accessible only to qualified persons (electricians). -Partitions or screens with access only to qualified persons. -Location on balcony or platform that excludes unqualified persons access. -Elevation of 8 feet or more above working surface (depending on voltage).

Factors Impacting Design of horizontal lifeline

Number of usersSpanAnchor pointsTensionUse of energy absorbersMaximum arresting forceClearance requiredTotal fall distanceConnectors

OSHA Inspections

OSHA conducts inspections without advance notice, except in rare circumstances (e.g. Imminent Danger)

OSHA

Occupation safety and health administration

Qualified Person

One who, by having a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the work.

Abrasive Wheels

Perform a ring test. Tap on the wheel with something non-metallic to see if it makes a ring like a cymbal on a drum set. This will help you make sure the wheel is not damaged. If it does not ring the wheel is cracked -tool rest must be 1/8" of wheel

PPE

Personal protection equipment -glasses -hardhat -safety vest -earplugs

Improper Anchor Points

Standard Guardrails, Standard Railings, Ladders/Rungs, Scaffolding, Light Fixtures, Conduit or Plumbing, Ductwork or Pipe Vents, Pipe Hangers,C-Clamps, Cable Trays, Another lanyard, Roofstacks, vents

Training Requirements ladder

T-he employer must have a training program for employees using ladders and stairs. -The training must be done by a competent person. -Retraining must be done if employees are observed using ladders improperly.

Low Slope Roofs

The following requirements apply only to employees performing roofing work: -On low slope roofs employees may use conventional fall protection. -Or a combination of warning line and safety monitor system.

What is OSHA's purpose

To assure every employee a safe & healthful work environment.

Warning lines without mechanical equipment

When mechanical equipment is not being used, the line is to be not less than 6' from edge of roof

Working Spaces

Working spaces must not be used for storage. -Sufficient access and working space must be provided and maintained around all electrical equipment. -Minimum working clearances: 3 feet from front opening No less than 30 inches wide

arms length is how far off center a worker should work

can work within that area, move anchor point

the number 1 cause of deaths on the construction site is

falls

The belt buckle rule

if your belt buckle stays in the rails of the ladder you are okay, goes above no

#1 rule when using hand tools

never remove the guard or modify the switches

Double insulated

one square inside another square

Highly hazardous work

shocks, burns, fire explosion, indirect falls

heavy duty ladder

type- 1A working lots 300lb