2023 MIDTERM BIO PT.3

photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Genetic mutations can cause chloroplasts and leaf cells to lack pigment and appear pale yellow. Which statement describes how a plant is most immediately affected by the presence of these genetic mutations?

Amount of light energy transformed into chemical energy is reduced.

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?

Only active transport requires ATP.

which statement best describes the role for ATP in a living system

Only photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy.

which organelle is used for energy conversion in plant cells

chloroplast

passive transport helper

does NOT require energy- (moves with concentration gradient)

anaerobic respiration

does not require oxygen

what is ATP and why is it important to cell functions

energy; the basic energy source for all cells

which are usually bigger

eukaryotic

which process transports molecules across a membrane by means of a carrier proteins

facilitated diffusion

active transport

large molecules require energy to move into the cell (high to low)

which organelle is used for energy conversion in animal cells

mitochondria

endocytosis

moves into the cell (active transport)

exocytosis

moves out of the cell (active transport)

which cell organelles do bacteria cells NOT have

nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplasts

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

osmosis

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other processes

Muscle cells have a comparatively large number of mitochondria.Which action does this characteristic allow muscle cells to accomplish?

rapidly release chemical energy for use

active transport helper

requires energy- ATP (against concentration gradient)

aerobic respiration

requires oxygen

which of the following is most involved in finding structure for the cell membrane

the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids.

how do the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic relate to the structure of the cell membrane?

the polar heads of the phospholipid bilayer a hydrophilic and face outside and inside the cell. the tails are hydrophobic and face inward towards each other

diffusion

the spreading out of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

which statement best describes the function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

they selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell

hydrophobic

water fearing

hydrophilic

water loving