22 Chp

Descent with Modification" explain what this phrase describe and how it relates to evolution.

Evolution is about the process of how the animals living in a certain time period are descendants of previous animals through their traits being modified through time.

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events under the influence of natural selection? Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. A change occurs in the environment. Genetic frequencies within the population change. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. A) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 B) 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 C) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 D) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1

a

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are an example of ________. A) homology B) convergent evolution C) the evolution of common structure as a result of common function D) the evolution of similar appearance as a result of common function

a

Which statement illustrates the connection between natural selection and survival of offspring? A) Individuals with inherited traits that promote survival tend to have more surviving offspring. B) Species that produce the most offspring always have the most offspring that survive. C) Populations vary in their inherited traits. D) Individuals that do not have new traits cannot reproduce.

a

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should ________. A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins C) determine if hair length is heritable D) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

c

Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it ________. A) was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation B) proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time C) dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations D) was the first time a biologist had proposed that species changed through time

c

What are adaptations? A) geologic changes over time B) rocks containing fossils C) inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival D) descent with modification from a common ancestor

c

Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection? Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable. Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success. Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime. A) Condition 1 only B) Condition 2 only C) Conditions 1 and 2 D) Conditions 2 and 3

c

Which one of the following statements best defines artificial selection? A) Process that occurs when individuals inherit traits that enable them to survive and reproduce B) Process where humans control breeding and always attempt to have the same affect on selection as nature would C) Process of human directed breeding aimed to select traits that nature may not have otherwise selected D) Process that favors beneficial mutations

c

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these statements explains why the pigweed reappeared? A) The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine. B) Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species. C) Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism. D) Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.

d

List the "key features of natural selection" describe each attribute and additionally explain how it contributes to the concept of evolution through natural selection.

very important