2.3. Data Encapsulation

The Encapsulation process works in the same manner using the OSI model. As data travels through the OSI model layers. it is broken into segments at the 1. ____________ layer. Logical addresses are added at the 2. ___________ layer, making each segment a packet. The 3. ___________ layer creates frames from each packet using the physical device (MAC) address. Frames are converted to bit at the 4.____________ layer.

1. Transport layer 2. Network layer 3. Data link layer 4. Physical layer

What ARP does it send out a piece of data intended for all recipients, it is a special MAC address built into the frame made up of all binary 1s, this piece of data is also known as what?

A broadcast frame

What is ARP's purpose once the packet is built?

ARP's purpose is to enable Comp A to dynamically discover the MAC address of Comp B. *If A has never talked to B, it won't know the MAC address. But once a station has communicated with another node on the network, it'll remember the MAC address for future use.

This protocol enables systems to dynamically discover the MAC, or media access control, addresses of other systems that they're trying to communicate with.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

Each byte corresonds to how many bits?

Each byte corresponds to 8 bits. *6 times 8 is 48, there are 48 consecutive bits.

Describe the process of encapsulation.

Encapsulation is the process of breaking a message into packets; adding control and other information; and then transmitting the message through the transmission medium.

Every hop uses a different ________ with a different __________________, but the __________ information is preserved from end to end.

Every hop uses a different FRAME with different MAC ADDRESSES, but the PACKET information is preserved from end-to-end

There is Comp A trying to send data to Comp B. In order to do so, it needs to create a packet and then wrap it in a frame. What do the packets contain?

Packets contain the sender's IP and the receiver's IP. So when Comp A is building a packet, it has to place both its own IP and Comp B's IP into the packet header.

Using the TCP/IP model, which layer prepares the data to be sent through the network?

The application layer prepares the data to be sent to the network

If necessary, where is the data transferred in order to forward the data to the appropriate network?

The data is transferred to various routers

The data to be transferred is encapsulated on the sending host by moving from the _______ layer on the TCP/IP or OSI model to the ________ layer.

The data to be transferred is encapsulated on the sending host by moving from the TOP layer on the TCP/IP or OSI model to the BOTTOM layer

Which layer converts the segments into packets, and also adds logical network and device addresses?

The internet layer converts segments into packets, and the internet layer also adds logical network and device addresses.

Which layer converts the packets into frames, and also adds physical device addressing information and a frame check sequence (FCS) footer for error detection, as well as convert the frame into bits (0s and 1s) for transmission across the transmission media.

The link layer converts packets into frames. The link layer also adds physical device addressing information and a frame check sequence (FCS) footer for error detection. It also converts the frames into. bits for transmission across the transmission media.

On the destination host, the process operates in reverse, meaning that bits. from the network medium are sent to which layer and processed where?

The process operates in reverse, meaning bits from the network medium are sent to the Link Layer and processed up the model to the destination Application Layer.

What is the purpose of the ARP table?

The purpose of ARP table is to allow a system to build frames that target remote MAC addresses. *Whenever you need to send a packet to a system that's on the same network as you, and you don't know the MAC address, ARP sends out a broadcast to request that information.

Which layer breaks the data into pieces called segments, and also adds sequencing and control information?

The transport layer breaks the data into pieces called segments and the transport layer also adds sequencing and control information.

What is a packet in this stage?

a piece of data

The received data is de-escapsulated on the destination host by moving from the _______ layer of the TCP/IP or OSI model to the _________ layer.

from the TOP layer to the BOTTOM layer

Where do the processes of routing and IP addressing happen in the TCP/IP model?

the Internet layer is where the processes of routing and IP addressing happen in the TCP/IP model. *IP addresses are logical; this means they're software. They're configured by you or a network process on your system